Ligands organométalliques

<p>an orally active, reversible and selective CXCR4 (CD184, fusin) antagonist</p>

<p>p38 MAP kinase antagonist</p>

<p>VU0453379 is a chemical compound that functions as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. It is synthetically derived through medicinal chemistry processes designed to selectively enhance receptor signaling pathways. VU0453379 acts by binding to an allosteric site on the M4 receptor, distinct from the orthosteric site where endogenous neurotransmitters bind. This binding potentiates receptor sensitivity and activity in response to acetylcholine, thereby amplifying receptor-mediated signaling pathways.</p>

<p>Bifluranolum is a synthetic nonsteroidal antiandrogen, which is synthesized in laboratory settings and not derived from natural sources. Its mode of action involves competitive inhibition of androgen receptors. By occupying these receptor sites, Bifluranolum inhibits the binding of endogenous androgens, effectively blocking their physiological actions. This property makes it a valuable tool in studies related to androgen-dependent biological processes.</p>

<p>BMY 7378 Dihydrochloride is a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, which is synthetically derived for specialized research purposes. This compound is known for its ability to bind exclusively to the 5-HT1A receptor, inhibiting the action of serotonin. Its mechanism of action involves a high-affinity blockade of serotonin at this receptor site, making it a valuable tool for understanding serotonergic signaling pathways.</p>

<p>KT-474 is an oral small molecule protein degrader, which is derived from targeted protein degradation technology. This compound functions as an investigational agent specifically designed to degrade IRAK4, a key kinase involved in the signaling pathways of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-18, which are crucial in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The mode of action is based on hijacking the cell's ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively bind to and degrade IRAK4, thereby reducing inflammation at the molecular level.</p>

<p>MEDICA16: GPR40 agonist, GPR120 partial agonist, ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor, lowers TG, boosts insulin sensitivity in muscle.</p>

<p>Hypoglycemic agent</p>

<p>5-Hydroxymatrine is an alkaloid compound, which is derived from the roots of Sophora plants, notably Sophora flavescens. This compound is characterized by its structure as a quinolizidine alkaloid and is a modified form of matrine, with a hydroxyl group adding to its chemical complexity.</p>

<p>AZD5069 is a small molecule that serves as a potent and selective antagonist of the CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2). It is derived from synthetic pharmaceutical research efforts aimed at targeting key signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases. This compound functions by inhibiting the CXCR2 receptor, which plays a critical role in the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell involved in inflammation and immune responses.</p>

<p>9''-Methyl salvianolate B is a naturally derived phenolic acid compound, specifically a methylated derivative, extracted from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This plant, commonly known as Danshen, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The compound’s primary source involves a meticulous extraction and purification process aimed at isolating its bioactive constituents.</p>

<p>SR8278 is a synthetic, chemical compound that functions as a highly selective inverse agonist of the Rev-Erb nuclear receptors, which is derived from extensive biochemical research. It operates by binding to these orphan nuclear receptors, Rev-Erbα and Rev-Erbβ, inhibiting their activity. This antagonistic action disrupts the regulation of circadian rhythms, metabolism, and inflammatory responses that these receptors typically control. This modulation occurs at the transcriptional level, where SR8278 interferes with gene expression governed by Rev-Erb receptors.</p>

<p>Mc-Val-Ala-PAB is a peptide-based linker, which is a synthetic compound used in targeted drug delivery systems. This compound originates from chemical synthesis techniques and serves as a critical component in the design of prodrugs, particularly antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The mode of action involves its cleavage by specific enzymes, such as cathepsins, which are overexpressed in tumor tissues, triggering the release of the active drug selectively within the cancer cells.</p>

<p>Inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor CB1R. Taranabant was studied for its effect on smoking cessation and inducing weight loss. Serious adverse effects associated with this compound prevented further development as a drug in the clinic.</p>

<p>AR-13324 mesylate is a pharmaceutical compound, which is a selective Rho kinase inhibitor derived from chemical synthesis with a specific mode of action targeting the modulation of aqueous humor outflow in the eye. Structurally, it is designed to inhibit the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway, which plays a crucial role in controlling various cellular functions including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, specifically affecting the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathway in ocular tissues.</p>

<p>Odevixibat is a pharmacological agent that functions as an ileal bile acid transport inhibitor, which is synthesized through complex organic chemistry methods to create a specific molecular structure targeting bile acid transport mechanisms. It works by inhibiting the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in the terminal ileum. This action reduces the reabsorption of bile acids from the small intestine back into the liver, thereby reducing overall bile acid levels in the body.</p>

<p>Sparstolonin B is a natural anti-inflammatory compound, which is derived from the Chinese herb *Sparganium stoloniferum*. It primarily functions as a selective antagonist of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), thereby inhibiting the activation of these pathways which are crucial in mediating inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>Mozavaptan is a pharmacological agent that acts as a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist. It is derived through synthetic chemical processes designed to target specific neurohormonal pathways in the body. Mozavaptan exerts its effects by inhibiting the action of vasopressin, a hormone that promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys. By blocking the vasopressin receptors, it enhances water excretion and corrects imbalances in electrolyte levels, particularly addressing conditions like hyponatremia.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B</p>

<p>ARQ 531 is a small molecule inhibitor specifically designed to target Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is a type of enzymatic protein. This compound is meticulously developed within a laboratory setting to disrupt key pathways involved in cancer cell survival. Its mode of action involves the selective and reversible inhibition of BTK, thereby obstructing signal transduction that promotes malignant cell proliferation and survival.</p>

<p>SMN-C3 is a synthetic compound designed specifically as a targeted therapeutic agent. It is derived through advanced chemical synthesis techniques, utilizing a meticulous approach to optimize efficacy and specificity. The mode of action of SMN-C3 involves precise interaction with select molecular targets, thereby modulating biological pathways with high specificity. This interaction is designed to alter the course of disease processes, offering potential therapeutic benefits.</p>

<p>Cl2A-SN-38 is an innovative antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), which is derived from a targeted delivery system designed to enhance the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents. The product is synthesized through the chemical conjugation of the monoclonal antibody Cl2A with the potent topoisomerase I inhibitor, SN-38. This conjugation is achieved using a stable linker that facilitates selective delivery of SN-38 to cancer cells expressing the target antigen, thus minimizing systemic toxicity.</p>

<p>Siponimod fumarate is a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, which is a synthetically derived agent with immunomodulatory properties. Its mode of action involves high affinity for S1P receptors 1 and 5, which plays a crucial role in immune cell signaling. By binding to these receptors, siponimod sequesters lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, reducing peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and thereby modulating immune responses.</p>

<p>Imidazole ketone erastin is a small molecule compound, which is a synthetic analog derived from erastin. The origin of this compound is rooted in the study of ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Imidazole ketone erastin functions by inhibiting the cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc–, leading to the accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells.</p>

<p>Oltipraz metabolite M2 is a pharmacologically active compound, which is derived from the metabolism of Oltipraz, a well-known chemopreventive agent. This metabolite is produced through hepatic biotransformation processes and plays a critical role in mediating the biological effects associated with its parent compound.</p>

Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic, derived from the bacterium Streptomyces albus, with its primary mode of action involving the inhibition of protein synthesis. During translation, puromycin mimics the aminoacyl end of tRNA, enabling its incorporation into the growing polypeptide chain within the ribosome. This incorporation disrupts further chain elongation, ultimately leading to premature termination of protein synthesis.

<p>PT2977 is a small-molecule inhibitor, which is derived from rational drug design, with a specific mode of action targeting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways. This compound acts by selectively inhibiting HIF-2α, a critical driver of cellular response to hypoxic conditions, thus interfering with the transcription of genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and metabolic adaptation.</p>

<p>AG 14361 is a potent inhibitor designed to target the interaction between the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncoprotein. It is synthetically derived, offering researchers a tool to perturb a critical protein-protein interaction involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. The mode of action involves the disruption of the p53-MDM2 interaction, leading to the stabilization and activation of p53. This results in the induction of p53-dependent transcriptional activity, facilitating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancerous cells.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase</p>

<p>Miransertib (ARQ 092) HCl is a selective inhibitor, which is a synthetic small molecule specifically targeting the AKT pathway. It is sourced through specialized chemical synthesis designed to interfere with key signaling pathways implicated in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. The mode of action involves the inhibition of the serine/threonine kinase AKT, an integral part of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway that is frequently dysregulated in various cancers.</p>

<p>Dooku1 is a synthetic biochemical compound designed for advanced research applications. It is derived through a complex series of organic synthesis processes that utilize specialized reactants and catalysts to achieve high purity and specificity. The compound functions by selectively binding to molecular targets, allowing researchers to investigate cellular pathways and molecular interactions with greater precision.</p>

<p>A β2-adrenoceptor agonist that is structurally related to salbutamol. Ellicits β-adrenergic stimulatory effects on smooth muscles in trachea and bronchi. More effective (1.5 to 2 times more) as a bronchodilator than salbutamol.</p>

<p>Peroxy Orange 1 is an advanced cleaning agent, which is a hydrogen peroxide-based product enriched with surfactants and orange oil extracts. This formulation originates from a blend of both synthetic and natural sources, integrating the oxidizing power of hydrogen peroxide with the cleaning efficacy of citrus oils.</p>

<p>Rosuvastatin is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent, which is a product of pharmaceutical manufacturing derived from extensive research in cardiovascular pharmacology. It functions as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, effectively blocking the enzyme responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. By inhibiting this enzyme, Rosuvastatin reduces the production of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is known to contribute to atherosclerosis.</p>

<p>Sildenafil is a pharmaceutical compound, which is a synthetic product derived from chemical processes. It functions as a selective inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). By inhibiting PDE5, sildenafil increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels within the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum. This leads to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation, allowing increased blood flow and facilitating penile erection in the presence of sexual stimulation.</p>

TDZD 8 is a selective, non-ATP competitive inhibitor of the glycogen synthase kinase GSK3β. TDZD 8 inhibits GSK3β with IC50 of 2 μM and was reported to not significantly affect Cdk-1/cyclin B, casein kinase CK-II, protein kinase A and C (PKA, PKC) activities. TDZD 8 was also identified as an inhibitor of the main protease in coronaviruses. In an in vitro study, TDZD 8 was characterised as an aggregate-based inhibitor as the presence of Triton-X decreased the inhibitory potency to Mpro protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (IC50 without Triton-X: 2.15 μM).

<p>E3 Ligase Ligand 1a is a small molecule ligand, which is typically synthesized in a laboratory setting. The ligand acts as a recruiter for E3 ubiquitin ligases, proteins that play a pivotal role in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. By binding to an E3 ligase, the ligand can facilitate the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins. This mechanism is central to modulating protein levels within a cell, enabling researchers to study protein function and regulation dynamically.</p>

<p>Iptacopan is an oral, small-molecule therapeutic, which is a complement factor B inhibitor that targets the alternative pathway of the complement system. This pathway is a component of the immune system's innate response and, when dysregulated, can contribute to the pathogenesis of various complement-mediated diseases.</p>

<p>ROPA or resiniferonol 9,13,14-orthophenylacetate is an analogue of resiniferatoxin that has been shown to have synergistic interactions with detergents, such as Tween-80, in the removal of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) from Brucella. ROPA is also active against herpes simplex virus and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). When combined with a basic protein, it can activate the receptor and inhibits the formation of dry weight. ROPA has been shown to be able to inhibit the growth of infectious bacteria, such as those that cause tuberculosis or brucellosis. The mechanism for this inhibition is not clear, but may be due to its ability to bind to water molecules and inhibit their binding with bacterial cytoplasmic membranes.</p>

<p>μ- and κ- opioid receptor antagonist; partial agonist of δ- opioid receptors</p>

<p>Alprostadil alfadex is a medicinal drug that has been found to have anticancer properties. It works by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This drug is an analog of a naturally occurring protein that acts as a tumor inhibitor in humans. Alprostadil alfadex has been shown to be effective against various types of cancer, including those found in the urinary tract and prostate. It works by blocking the action of certain enzymes and proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby preventing cancer cells from dividing and multiplying. Chinese researchers have also found that this drug has a kinase-inhibiting effect, which may contribute to its anticancer activity.</p>

<p>UM729 is an advanced surface coating, which is a chemical formulation with the aim of enhancing surface durability and protection. Sourced from novel polymeric materials, UM729 is designed to form a robust and resilient layer when applied to various substrates. Its mode of action involves cross-linking at the molecular level, creating a cohesive barrier that offers resistance to environmental factors such as abrasion, moisture, and UV radiation.</p>

<p>FAPI-46 trifluoroacetate is a fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor, which is synthesized as part of targeted cancer research efforts. It is derived from chemical engineering processes focusing on the modification of small molecules to selectively interact with FAP, an enzyme overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment. FAPI-46 binds to and inhibits FAP, reducing its enzymatic activity. By blocking FAP, FAPI-46 trifluoroacetate disrupts the tumor-promoting interactions between CAFs and tumor cells, potentially impeding tumor growth and progression.</p>

<p>UK 383367 is a chemical compound classified as a synthetic small molecule, which is derived from a meticulously controlled chemical synthesis process. Its mode of action involves modulating specific biochemical pathways by binding to target receptors, thereby influencing cellular processes at a molecular level. This compound is utilized extensively in pharmaceutical research for its potential therapeutic effects, particularly in the context of investigating receptor activity and signaling pathways. Additionally, UK 383367 finds applications in various industrial processes, serving as an intermediate in the synthesis of more complex compounds. Due to its precision in targeting and influencing biological systems, UK 383367 is a valuable tool for scientists seeking to elucidate the mechanistic pathways underlying disease and for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.</p>

<p>ALX-1393 is a synthetic compound that acts as an inhibitor, specifically targeting the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). As a small molecule inhibitor derived from chemical synthesis, it modulates neurotransmitter systems by blocking the reuptake of glycine, an important co-agonist of the NMDA receptor, in the central nervous system. The mode of action of ALX-1393 involves binding to the GlyT1 transporter, thereby increasing the synaptic concentration of glycine. This elevation in glycine levels enhances NMDA receptor function, which is crucial for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.</p>

<p>PI3K-gamma inhibitor 1 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is selectively synthesized for targeting the PI3K-gamma isoform. This inhibitor is derived through precise medicinal chemistry, involving the synthesis of compounds that specifically interact with the catalytic domain of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3K-γ) enzyme. Its mode of action involves the selective inhibition of the PI3K-γ pathway, a critical signaling route responsible for modulating immune cell functions and inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>Benzoic acid 5-amino-1-(4-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl ester is a synthetic chemical compound used primarily in advanced organic synthesis. It is derived from benzoic acid and functionalized with a pyrazole moiety, enhancing its reactivity and versatility in chemical transformations. This compound acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of more complex molecules, playing a crucial role as a precursor or reagent due to its unique structure, which facilitates targeted chemical modifications.</p>

<p>Vasopressin receptor agonist; antidiuretic</p>

<p>A negative allosteric modulator of Flt-3 receptor tyrosine kinase</p>

<p>Alvameline is a muscarinic receptor agonist, which is a small molecule drug derived from synthetic chemistry processes. Its primary source is the intricate design of pharmacologically active compounds targeting the central nervous system. Alvameline exerts its effects through selective agonism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, playing a pivotal role in modulating neurotransmission. Specifically, by activating these receptors, it enhances cholinergic signaling, which is crucial for cognitive functions such as memory and attention.</p>

<p>Osmanthuside H is a natural compound, specifically a phenylethanoid glycoside, which is predominantly sourced from the plant Osmanthus fragrans, as well as other related species. This compound is characterized by a specific glycosidic linkage that contributes to its stability and bioactivity. The mode of action of Osmanthuside H primarily involves its significant antioxidant properties, attributed to the presence of its phenolic structure and glycosidic moiety. This facilitates its role in scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems.</p>

<p>L-MobileTrex is an advanced analytical technology platform, which is a product of cutting-edge research in data science and computational modeling. This platform operates by integrating multi-dimensional datasets through sophisticated algorithms, providing enhanced data visualization and interpretability.</p>

<p>A novel muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist with high selectivity for M3 over M2 receptors</p>

<p>CAY10727 is a potent biochemical inhibitor, which is derived from synthetic sources with specific action targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. It functions by selectively blocking the enzymatic activity of COX-2, which plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins involved in inflammatory responses. This targeted inhibition allows the study of COX-2-related pathways without interference from COX-1, which is significant for maintaining gastrointestinal integrity.The use and applications of CAY10727 are primarily in research settings where understanding the pathways involved in inflammation, pain, and cancer progression are critical. This compound is utilized in various in vitro experiments to delineate the role of COX-2 in cellular and molecular contexts, enabling scientists to dissect complex signaling networks. Given its specificity, CAY10727 is instrumental in the development of new therapeutic approaches where selective COX-2 inhibition might offer benefits over non-selective inhibitors.</p>

<p>VS1 is a novel synthetic peptide, which is engineered to function as an antimicrobial agent. This peptide originates from recombinant DNA technology, providing a customizable approach to target specific microbial strains. Its mode of action involves the selective disruption of microbial cell membranes, leading to the lysis and consequent death of the target cell. The specificity of VS1 for microbial cells over mammalian cells minimizes off-target effects, making it a highly effective agent for infection control.</p>

<p>N-(5-Aminopentyl) methotrexate amide-LC-biotin is a specialized bioconjugate, derived through the conjugation of methotrexate, an established antifolate drug, with an LC-biotin moiety. This product is synthesized by covalently linking methotrexate, which is known for its role in cancer therapy through the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), to a biotin moiety via a long-chain spacer. The resultant bioconjugate retains the therapeutic effects of methotrexate, particularly in its ability to interrupt nucleotide synthesis, thereby affecting cell division in rapidly proliferating cancer cells.The inclusion of biotin in the structure allows for facile attachment to avidin or streptavidin-labeled systems, facilitating targeted delivery and enhanced detection in molecular and cellular studies. The primary application of N-(5-Aminopentyl) methotrexate amide-LC-biotin lies in the realm of targeted drug delivery and advanced research into methotrexate metabolism. By leveraging the high affinity of biotin-streptavidin interactions, researchers can effectively study the biodistribution and cellular uptake of methotrexate, advancing cancer therapeutic strategies and providing insights into antifolate drug mechanisms at the molecular level.</p>

<p>1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-dimethylammonium-propane is a cationic lipid, which is a type of synthetic lipid commonly used in biochemical and biophysical research. It is sourced from chemical synthesis, involving the formulation of lipid molecules with specific chemical modifications to confer particular properties. The mode of action of this compound involves its ability to integrate into lipid bilayers and form liposomes. These liposomes can encapsulate nucleic acids, facilitating their delivery into cells by merging with cell membranes, which is crucial for gene delivery applications.</p>

<p>Foslevodopa is a prodrug that is converted to levodopa in the body. This drug has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease with minimal side effects, although it does not affect the progression of the disease. Foslevodopa is a synthetic compound that has been synthesized using chemical methods. It can be manufactured in large quantities, making it a scalable pharmaceutical formulation.</p>

<p>FR-190809 is a peptide that acts as an inhibitor of protein interactions. It binds to the receptor and blocks the activation of phospholipase C. FR-190809 also stimulates the production of cyclic AMP, which in turn activates protein kinase A, thereby inhibiting the production of cAMP. FR-190809 has been shown to have a high purity and is used as a research tool for studying protein interactions.</p>

<p>CB-1158 is an arginase inhibitor, which is a small molecule derived from a synthetic source designed to modulate immune functions. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the arginase enzyme, a key player in the urea cycle responsible for the hydrolysis of arginine into ornithine and urea. By blocking arginase, CB-1158 effectively prevents the depletion of extracellular arginine, a vital amino acid required for the activation and proliferation of T cells within the immune system. This inhibition leads to enhanced immune responses against tumors.</p>

<p>BCR-ABL-IN-2 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is synthetically derived for precision-targeted therapeutic applications. It functions as a selective inhibitor of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, a tyrosine kinase that is constitutively active in certain leukemias, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The product is engineered via chemical synthesis to ensure high specificity and selectivity in binding to the ATP-binding site of the BCR-ABL protein, effectively inhibiting its kinase activity.</p>

<p>PF-06658607 is an investigational drug that is classified as a small molecule inhibitor. It is developed from synthetic chemical sources with a specific mode of action targeting aggrecanases, enzymes that degrade aggrecan, a critical component of cartilage. By inhibiting these enzymes, PF-06658607 aims to prevent the breakdown of cartilage in joints.</p>

<p>A potent small-molecule activator of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a serine-threonine kinase involved in autophagy. Promotes cytoprotective autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, via the ULK complex. Improves motor dysfunction and reduces loss of dopaminergic neurons, mediated by MPTP, in in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.</p>

<p>Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) is a protease that hydrolyses proteins by cleaving the peptide bond at the carboxyl side of the positively charged amino acid (Lysine or Arginine). Trypsin belongs to a family of serine proteases, as it has a serine in its active site. Trypsin can be inhibited by using trypsin inhibitor Alpha 1 Antitrypsin.</p>

<p>Temozolomide is an imidazotetrazine alkylating agent. It has anti-tumor activity against a broad spectrum of tumors, such as leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. Temozolomide induces G2/M arrest, preventing cells from entering mitosis and, therefore, apoptosis. As a drug resistance-modifying agent it is used for studying drug resistance mechanisms in glioblastoma cell lines.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of cyclin dependend kinases</p>

<p>BMH-7 is a small molecule inhibitor used in molecular biology, which is derived from chemical synthesis methods. It interacts with specific protein domains to disrupt protein-protein interactions within cellular pathways. The mode of action involves binding to target proteins, thereby inhibiting essential interactions that are crucial for the stability and function of multiprotein complexes. This targeted approach allows researchers to dissect complex signaling pathways and understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular functions.</p>

<p>S 0456 is a fluorescent dye for detecting anhydrase activity. This dye is degradable and can be used for imaging in living cells to detect tumors.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about Elafibranor including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>TAPI-1 is an inhibitor of TACE (TNF-α converting enzyme, also known as ADAM17) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It blocks the shedding of several cell surface proteins, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6 receptor, and TNF receptors p60 (TNFRI) and p80 (TNFRII).</p>

<p>UM171 is a small-molecule compound, which is derived from synthetic chemical processes with properties that enable the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro. It acts by targeting and modulating specific cellular pathways to enhance the self-renewal and proliferation of HSCs without inducing differentiation.<br><br>The primary application of UM171 lies in the field of regenerative medicine and transplantation. By facilitating the expansion of HSCs, UM171 holds significant potential in improving the outcomes of bone marrow and cord blood transplants. This is particularly relevant in contexts where donor cell availability is limited or where augmenting the engraftment potential of HSCs is critical. The ability to expand HSCs ex vivo opens avenues for improved treatment of hematological disorders, potentially allowing for more effective and accessible transplant therapies. Researchers are exploring its utility in diverse experimental setups, aiming to translate this compound's capabilities into clinical settings to enhance patient outcomes in hematopoietic recovery and therapy.</p>

<p>CYM 5541 is a selective herbicide, which is synthesized from organic chemical compounds. It functions by interfering with the metabolic processes critical to weed growth and development. Specifically, CYM 5541 targets and inhibits specific enzymes that are essential for cell division and photosynthesis in undesirable plants.<br><br>The primary application of CYM 5541 is in agricultural settings, where it is used to manage weed populations that compete with crops for light, nutrients, and water. It is particularly effective in controlling broadleaf and grassy weeds. Through its precise mode of action, CYM 5541 enables efficient, targeted suppression of non-crop vegetation, thereby maintaining the health and yield of the desired plants. Its use in integrated pest management strategies underscores its role in sustainable farming practices, minimizing the environmental impact while maximizing agricultural productivity.</p>

<p>D-Threonic acid lithium salt is a cell signaling molecule that belongs to the class of ligands. It has been used as a research tool in pharmacology and protein interaction studies. D-Threonic acid lithium salt can activate ion channels, which are cellular membrane proteins that allow ions to flow in or out of cells. D-Threonic acid lithium salt also interacts with receptors, which are proteins on the surface of cells that receive chemical signals from outside the cells. Receptors can be either agonists or antagonists. D-Threonic acid lithium salt is a ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase, which is involved in cell growth and differentiation.</p>

<p>NSC 135130 is a synthetic compound that serves as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It is derived through chemical synthesis, a process involving the combination of various elements and compounds to produce a novel substance with specific desired properties. The mode of action of NSC 135130 primarily involves the scavenging of free radicals and modulation of inflammatory pathways, thus helping to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation at the cellular level.</p>

<p>Human parainfluenza virus type 3, fusion protein, fragment 454-488, acetylated is a synthetic peptide, which is derived from the fusion protein of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (HPIV-3). This fragment is produced through chemical synthesis and is acetylated to mimic the natural post-translational modifications that can occur in viral proteins, enhancing its stability and preserving its biological activity.</p>

<p>EPZ020411 2HCl is a chemical compound known as a potent selective inhibitor of the EZH2 methyltransferase, which is derived from enzymatic development processes involving high-throughput screening and medicinal chemistry optimization. With its mode of action centered on inhibiting the enzymatic activity of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), EPZ020411 2HCl effectively reduces the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27), a critical process in gene expression regulation. This activity makes it an invaluable tool for studying epigenetic modifications and underlying oncogenic pathways.<br><br>The application of EPZ020411 2HCl is predominantly in the realm of cancer research, particularly in investigating the role of EZH2 in various malignancies, including prostate, breast, and hematopoietic cancers. By targeting and inhibiting EZH2, this compound aids in elucidating mechanisms of cancer progression, potentially leading to advancements in targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it serves as a pivotal reference molecule in the structural and functional studies of histone methyltransferases, contributing to our broader understanding of epigenetic regulation.</p>

<p>C11 TopFluor Phytosphingosine is a fluorescent lipid analog, which is derived from the naturally occurring bioactive lipid, phytosphingosine. This compound incorporates a fluorophore into its structure, facilitating the tracking and visualization of lipid behavior in biological systems through advanced imaging techniques. The structure, with a short yet distinct fluorescent tag, retains the key biological properties of phytosphingosine, thus allowing it to participate in cellular processes similarly to its natural counterpart.</p>

<p>N-Methylquipazine dimaleate is a selective ligand product, which is a synthetically produced compound with a specific affinity for serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT3 subtype. It is derived from a well-established chemical synthesis process that ensures high purity and consistent activity.</p>

<p>(4bS,8aS,9S,10S)-10-(Acetyloxy)-3,9-bis(benzoyloxy)-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-phenanthrene dione is a potent chemokine molecule that is an agonist of the CXCR2 receptor. It has been shown to inhibit cancer stem cells and chemoattractant production in colon carcinoma cells. This compound selectively targets the translation of lamiaceae mRNA and induces apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about PDD 00017272 including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>PT2385 is a small molecule inhibitor, which is derived from pharmaceutical research targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. It specifically targets and inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF-2α), a key transcription factor involved in tumor angiogenesis and growth. The mode of action of PT2385 involves binding selectively to the PAS-B domain of HIF-2α, preventing its dimerization and subsequent DNA binding, thereby attenuating hypoxic response gene expression.</p>

Apimostinel is a peptide-based therapeutic agent, which is derived from a modification of endogenous neuropeptides. It is designed to selectively modulate the NMDA receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptor, which plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and neural communication. Apimostinel functions as a partial agonist of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor. This mechanism supports synaptic strength and plasticity without the excessive activation associated with excitotoxicity, thereby providing potential neuroprotective effects.

<p>Aumitin is an innovative compound that is categorized as a bioactive molecule, which is derived from natural sources such as medicinal plants or microorganisms. It exhibits its mode of action through specific interactions with cellular pathways, potentially modulating key processes within the cell. These interactions can lead to alterations in cellular functions such as signaling, metabolism, or growth regulation.</p>

<p>Mots-C is a mitochondrial-derived peptide, which is encoded by the small open reading frame found within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA. This peptide functions by interacting with the cellular metabolic pathways to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and overall cellular metabolism. Mechanistically, Mots-C modulates the folate–methionine cycle, directly impacting glucose regulation and energy utilization, and consequently facilitating cellular adaptation to metabolic stress.</p>

<p>Hdhodh-in-1 is an advanced analytical tool designed for conducting multidimensional data analysis, which is sourced from integrative computational methodologies. With a focus on high-dimensional datasets, it operates through a sophisticated algorithm that efficiently processes and integrates various data types, including genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information.</p>

<p>(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt hydrate is a chemical compound classified as a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor, which is a compound derived synthetically. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the enzyme CPT1, which is pivotal in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This inhibition effectively blocks fatty acid oxidation pathways, leading to alterations in metabolic states.Etomoxir is commonly utilized in scientific research to study metabolic processes, particularly those related to energy metabolism and metabolic disorders. It serves as a valuable tool in exploring mechanisms involved in diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases by allowing researchers to scrutinize the metabolic adaptations to impaired fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, it is used in cellular and animal models to investigate metabolic inflexibility and mitochondrial function. Its application extends to cancer research, where metabolic reprogramming is a focus, aiding in the understanding of tumor progression and potential therapeutic interventions targeting metabolic pathways.</p>

<p>Y-33075 is a synthetic chemical compound that functions as a selective Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, derived from laboratory synthesis processes. It primarily acts by targeting and inhibiting the activity of ROCK, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in modulating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular contraction through the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. This inhibition effectively reduces smooth muscle contraction, cellular proliferation, and migration by altering the actin cytoskeleton.</p>