Composés deutérés

<p>Applications Buramate-d7, is the labeled analogue of Buramate (B689700), used for the synthesis of more complex compounds, having antibacterial activity, and also for the synthesis of new antimalarial compounds.<br>References Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13 (8), 2881 (2005); Marrero-Ponce, Y., et al.: J. Chem. Info. Model., 45 (4), 1082 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Choline Fenofibrate-d6 is the labeled analogue of Choline Fenofibrate (C432665), a new formulation of fenofibric acid, ABT-335, co-administered with statins.<br>References Athyros, V., et al.: Diabetes Care, 25, 1198 (2002); Sacks, F., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 90, 139 (2002); Wierzbicki, A., et al.: Curr. Med. Res. Opin., 19, 155 (2003); Sarwar, N., et al.: Circulation, 115, 450 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Sorafenib-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of N-Desmethyl Sorafenib (D293290); a metabolite of Sorafenib (S676850) that has anti-proliferative activity in human breast cancer cells.<br>References Cui, P.H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 86, 419 (2013); Ghassabian, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 84, 215 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimethyl N,N-Diisopropylphosphoramidite-d6 is an isotope labelled reagent for the efficient phosphorylation of alcohols.<br>References Tatsumi, S., et al.: Tetrahedron. Lett., 54, 3731 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Alkyl Diphenyl Phosphate-d10 is the deuterated form of Alkyl Diphenyl Phosphate (A575133), which is a phosphorus flame retardant additive.<br>References Miyachi, Y., et al.: Materiaru Raifu, 10, 137 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5-Difluorobenzoic-d3 Acid (CAS# 934397-71-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl (±)-2-Bromopropionate-3,3,3-d3 (CAS# 1398066-14-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 (cis/trans mixture) (CAS# 202656-23-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Desacetyl Diltiazem-d4 Hydrochloride is the labeled analogue of Desacetyl Diltiazem Hydrochloride (D289335), a metabolite of Diltiazem Hydrochloride (D460620), a calcium channel blocher with vasodilating activity. Antianginal; antihypertensive; antiarrhythmic (class IV).<br>References Shallcross, H., et al.: Br. Med. J., 295, 1236 (1987); Yeung, P.K.F., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 18, 1055 (1990); Cashman, J.R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34,2049 (1991); Sato, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1338 (1971); Smirnov, S.R.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 360, 81 (1998); Hansson, L., et al.: Lancet, 356, 359 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromotetradecane-14,14,14-d3 (CAS# 347840-09-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-2-Hydroxyhexanoic-6,6,6-d3 Acid (CAS# 1219798-84-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Anisole-2,3,4,5,6-d5 (CAS# 50629-14-6) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled impurity of Cefoperazone.<br>References Kitson, T., et al.: Biochem. J., 175, 83 (1978), Elenbaas, R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 32, 347 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,1,2,2-d4-amine (CAS# 352431-07-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(2-Propynyloxy)tetrahydropyran-13C3 is an intermediate in the synthesis of N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine-13C4 (A173713). N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine-13C4 is labelled N-Acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (A173710), which is a metabolite of butadiene.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Heavner, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 40, 928 (2006); Carmella, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 734 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Bromo-4'-fluoroacetophenone-2',3',5',6'-d4 (CAS# 1219803-30-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications n-Heptyl-d15 Alcohol (CAS# 194793-95-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl]-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-d4 is labelled 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyl]-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (T305500) which is an intermediate used to prepare fused imidazolone derivatives as possible allosteric modulators for metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2 (mGlu2 receptor).<br>References Matsuda, Y., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2013062074 A1 20130502 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexamethyl-d18-disilane (CAS# 61123-71-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-Cyanoethyl)indole-13C215N is an isotope labelled intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical actives, intermediates and fine chemicals.<br>References Pezzuto, J.M., et al.: Biochem., 20, 298 (1981), Takeda, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 29, 1280 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications Prednisolamate-D10 is a labelled analogue of Prednisolamate (P703715).<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichlorophenol-d3 is the labelled analogue of 2,5-Dichlorophenol (D436105), which is an intermediates in the manufacture of more complex chemical compounds such as fungicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, F., et al.: Bull. Enviro. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 316 (2012); Zhong, W., et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 217, 286 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isopropylaminosulfoni-d7 Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bentazon-d7 (B120583). Bentazon-d7 is deuterium labelled Bentazon (B120580), which is a herbicide. Isopropylaminosulfoni-d7 Acid is also the labeled form of Isopropylaminosulfonic Acid (I824090), which is an reactant used in the synthesis of N-Alkylsulfamic Acid Derivatives.<br>References Ghirardello, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 9010 (2010); Frihauf, J., et al.: Weed Technol., 24, 262 (2010); Rotroff, D., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 117, 348 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl-1,2,2,2-d4 Alcohol (CAS# 22544-43-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Cyclohexanedione-13C6 is the isotope labelled analog of 1,2-Cyclohexanedione (C988085), a compound used as a substrate to study enzyme cyclohexane-1,2-dione hydrolase as a new tool to degrade alicyclic compounds.<br>References Fraas, S., et al.: J. Molec. Cataly. B. Enzy., 61, 47 (2009); Steinbach, A., et al.: FEBS. J., 279, 1209 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications O-di-TMS 2-Arachidonyl Glycerol-d5 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of 2-Arachidonyl Glycerol-d5 (A765052), which is a labelled 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (A765050). It is a major endocannabinoid, which can inhibit synaptic transmission by presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors. It plays an inhibitory role in the bombesin-induced activation of central adrenomedullary outflow in rats.<br>References Yokotani, K., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 512, 29 (2005), Jensen, R., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 60, 1 (2008), Lu, L., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 590, 177 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Catechol-13C6 (cas# 115881-16-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyceryl Tri(octanoate-d15) (CAS# 352431-24-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications (Ethoxycarbonylmethyl)triphenylphosphonium-13C2 bromide is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone-13C5, which is an isotope labelled Mutagen X (MX) is a chlorinated furanone that accounts for more of the mutagenic activity of drinking water than any other disinfection byproduct. DNA damages provoked by the six mutagens (furylframide, MX, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, sodium azide, 1-nitropyrene, and captan) used in the present study have been known to subject to the nucleotide excision repair system.<br>References Hakulinen, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 151, 439 (2004), Richardson, S., et al.: Mutat. Res., 636, 178 (2007), Kim, J., et al.: Environ. Toxicol., 23, 319 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Quinoxaline-5,6,7,8-d4 (CAS# 64252-08-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-2-Hydroxy-3-[[2-(methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amine Carvedilol-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of N-2-Hydroxy-3-[[2-(methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amine Carvedilol (H946145); the impurity A of Carvedilol (C184625) which is a nonselective β-adrenergic blocker with α1-blocking activity. Carvedilol is also an antihypertensive used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.<br>References Hirohashi, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 40, 735 (1990); Packer, M., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 334, 1349 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(2-((4-Isopropylphenyl)amino)phenyl)propan-2-ol-d6 is an intermediate in the synthesis of 2,7-Diisopropyl-9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-d6 (D455762), which is a labeled analogue of 2,7-Diisopropyl-9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (D455760), a useful chemical reagent. Also, it is derived from 9,9-Dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (D474300), which are currently being used in the development of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules which are being researched for their possible efficient deep-​blue TADF emitting potential.<br>References Kwon, D.Y., et al.: J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 15, 7828-31 (2015); Wada, Y., et al.: Adv. Mater., 30 (2018).<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Isopropyl-2-aminopropanoate-d7 Hydrochloride is an intermediate in the synthesis of Desphenyl Tenofovir Alafenamide-d7 Ammonium Salt (D297044). Desphenyl Tenofovir Alafenamide-d7 Ammonium Salt is labeled form of Desphenyl Tenofovir Alafenamide (D297043), which belongs to a group of tenofovir diesters compounds, which can inhibit HIV-1 virus replication. Desphenyl Tenofovir Alafenamide can also be used to investigate the effect of oral absorption and lymphoid cell loading of GS-7340 (a prodrug of tenofovir). (S)-Isopropyl-2-aminopropanoate-d7 Hydrochloride is also the labelled form of (S)-Isopropyl-2-aminopropanoate Hydrochloride (I822220), which is a chemical reagent used in the synthesis of anti-HCV prodrugs based on imidazotriazine and pyrrolotriazine molecules.<br>References You, G., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2014026582 A1 2014022 (2014); Babusis, D., et al.: Mol. Pharm. 10, 459 (2013); Tyndall, E. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25, 869 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Pentanone-d6 is labelled 3-Pentanone (P273600) which is a simple, symmetrical dialkyl ketone. It is mainly used as a solvent in paint and a precursor to vitamin E. It is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used as a reagent to synthesize Ethyl 2-Cyano-3,3-diethylacrylate (E907600) by Knoevenagel condensation. It also shows anticonvulsant effect in several types of mouse seizure models.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hasebe, N., et al.: Eur. J. Pharma., 642, 66 (2010); Siegel, H., et al.: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3-Butane-1,1,1,4,4,4-d6-diol (CAS# 344750-80-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-2,6-dichlorodiphenylamine-d5 is labelled N-Acetyl-2,6-dichlorodiphenylamine (A173570) which is an impurity of diclofenac (D436450, Na salt), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound and decycloxygenase (COX) inhibitor.<br>References Kenny, J. R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 2816 (2004); Sasaki, A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 108, 266 (2008); Dalvie, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 357 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiophene-2,5-d2 (CAS# 2041-42-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-​(Dimethyloxidoamino)​butanoic Acid-d6 Hydrochloride is the labelled form of 4-​(Dimethyloxidoamino)​butanoic Acid (D447160). 4-​(Dimethyloxidoamino)​butanoic Acid is a metabolite of Lauramine Oxide (L178530), which is a frequently used amine oxide surfactant. It is strongly hydrophilic , and it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.<br>References Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Molec. Struct.: Theochem., 808, 111 (2007); Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. B., 110 (27), 13649 (2006); Turan, T.S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 11, 447 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dodecanoic-2-13C Acid (CAS# 287100-78-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Ethyl Octanoate used in the preparation of β-cyclodextrins as nano-drug delivery encasements. Also used in the synthesis of second generation biodiesels via palladium catalysis.<br>References Gervaise, C. et al.: New J. Chem., 36, 2417 (2012); Han, J. et al.: Green Chem., 12, 463 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromohexane-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-d11 (CAS# 2159-17-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Uracil-6-d1 (CAS# 24897-51-6) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2-Aminophenyl)-2-chloroethanone-13C8 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Indole-3-carboxaldehyde-13C8 (I614993), the labelled version of Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I615020) which is a tryptophan (T947200) metabolite from Streptomyces staurosporeus and it is chemical constituent from Inula wissmanniana. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde and other tryptophan metabolites play an important role in mammalian gut immune homeostasis.<br>References Yang, S., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 60, 44 (1997); Cheng, X. et al.: Chem. Nat. Compd., 49, 815 (2013); Zelante, T., et al,: Immunity, 39, 372 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Brian, et al.: Nature, 181, 446 (1958), Gaines, T.B., et al.: Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 7, 299 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled isomeric impurity of 7-(2-Hydroxypropyl)guanine (H952590).<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene-d3 (CAS# 1219803-87-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications DL-4-Hydroxyphenyl-2,6-d2-alanine-2-d1 (CAS# 73036-42-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl-2,2,2-d3 Acetate (CAS# 109545-01-9) is a useful isotopically labeled reagent for radiolysis and reactions with radical-cations of esters in freon matrixes.<br>References Belevskii, V. N., et al.: Khimiya Vysokikh Energii, 21, 209 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzyl-d7-amine HCl (CAS# 352431-27-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyrrolidine-2,2,5,5-d4 Hydrochloride is the salt, labeled analogue of Pyrrolidine (P997950), a heterocyclic compound used as a building block in the synthesis of wide range of pharmaceutical compounds, namely matrix metalloprotein inhibitors (MMPIs) and aminopeptidase N inhibitors (APNIs).<br>References Li, X. et al.: Mini-Rev. Med. Chem., 10, 794 (2010); Gragutan, I. et al.: Beil. J. Org. Chem., 7, 699 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl Octanoate-d15 (CAS# 1219798-91-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 6-N-Acetyl-L-lysine-d8 is an isotopic analog of N-Acetyl-L-lysine (E588725(P)), which is used in the metabolomics study on the combined effect of cocaine and ethanol via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach.<br>References Sanchez-Lopez, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 140, 313 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Fluorobenzoyl-d4 Chloride (CAS# 1071809-52-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled L-α-Dilauroyl Phosphatidylcholine forms robust and versatile membrane bilayers to study the selective and ATP-driven transport ions across membranes into nanoporous carriers using gramicidin A and ATP synthase. It is used in the preparation of other phosphatidylcholines.<br>References Tomoi, M. et al.: Synth. Comm., 19, 905 (1989); Ichihara, K. et al.: Chem. Phys. Lipids., 137, 94 (2005); Olliynyk, V., et al.: Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 2733 (2013); Podloucka, P., et al.: J. Phy. Chem. B., 117, 5043 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexadecanoic-13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,16-d9 Acid (CAS# 1173022-49-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Aminofluorene-9-13C (CAS# 335081-08-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 Hydrochloride is labelled Palmitoyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride (P155050), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Lauroyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Dimethylparabanic Acid-d6 is the labelled form of 1,3-Dimethylparabanic Acid (D474715). Chronic exposure to 1,3-Dimethylparabanic Acid can cause inhibition of growth population on rotifers while algae seems to be unaffected. Furthermore, 1,3-Dimethylparabanic Acid is a derivative of Caffeine (C080100).<br>References Zarrelli, a., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 470, 453 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl-1,1-d2 Alcohol-OD (CAS# 22544-42-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate-13C,d3 is the deuterated form of Erythromycin Ethyl Succinate (E649985), which is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibiotic.<br>References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979); Serisier, D. et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 309, 1206 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled imidazole, a versatile heterocycle used in the preparation of various biologically active compounds such as the amino acid histidine and is present in many antifungal medication. It is also used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor on transition metals such as copper.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Arispe, N. et al.: Biophys. J., 95, 4879 (2008); Troesken, E.R. et al.: Endo. Res., 30, 387 (2004); Otmacic Curkovic, H. et al.: Corr. Sci., 51, 2342 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Piperonyl Methoxyethyl Ether-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of Piperonyl Methoxyethyl Ether (P490475); a selective inhibitor of the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase from the housefly.<br>References Motoyama, N., et al.: Rev. Pestic. Toxicol., 1, 173 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Naphthalene-1-d1 (CAS# 875-62-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Monobutyl sulfate-D9 is a labelled analogue of Monobutyl sulfate (M525130). Monobutyl sulfate is used as a wetting agent in the mercerization (a treatment that gives cotton its shiny appearance and also functions to increase its strength) of cotton. Monobutyl sulfate is also used in the polymerization of tetrahydrofuran.<br>References Pruckmayr, G. &amp; Wu, T.: Macromolecules, 11, 662 (1978); Shenai, V., Int. Dyer Text. Print. Bleach. Finish., 158, 246 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications n-Heptylbenzene-2,3,4,5,6-d5 (CAS# 1219799-19-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Dimethoxy-5-(propyl-2,2,3,3,3-d5)benzene is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Cannabidivarin-D5 (C175292), which is a labelled analogue of Cannabidivarin (C175390), a plant cannanbinoid and a homologue of Cannabidiol (C175300), the non psychoactive component of cannabis that exhibits anxiolytic properties. Cannabidivarin also has anticonvulsant effects on animals.<br>References Amada, N., et al.: PeerJ., 1, e214 (2013); Guimaraes, F., et al.: Psychopharmacology, 100, 558 (1990); Malfait, A., et al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 97, 9561 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Wittig Reagent<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrahydro-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-2H-pyran-d7 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Roxithromycin-d7 (R700852), which is a semisynthetic labeled Erythromycin derivative. Antibacterial.<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983), Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986), Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromododecane-12,12,12-d3 (CAS# 204259-68-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope Labelled analogue of D-Glucose is a aldohexose sugar that is very rare in nature but has been found in archaea, bacteria and other eukaryotes. Gulose is the C-3 Epimer of galactose (G155250).<br>References Sun, Y.X., et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 70, 598 (2006); Bhuiyan, S.H., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioengin., 88, 567 (1999);<br></p>