Toxicologie

Stability Temperature and Light Sensitive, unstable in solution
Applications Vitamin K1 Hydroxide is a derivative of Vitamin K1 (V676080), which occurs widely in green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria.
References Hassan, M.M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 449 (1988), Breton, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 33, 12405 (1994), Dowd, P., et al.: Science, 269, 1684 (1995),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Antihistaminic.
References Berthon, B., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 47, 789 (1994), Hu, Q., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 33995 (1999),

Applications Zinc pentamethylenedithiocarbamate (cas# 13878-54-1) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Labelled Torsemide (T548750). Used as a diuretic.
References Lesne, M., et al.: In. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol., 20, 382 (1982), Brater, D.C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 42, 187 (1987),

Applications Lumichrome is a derivative of Riboflavin (R415000), a vitamin with a key role in maintaining cellular function and health in human and animals. Dyes and metabolites.
References Rajamani, S., et al.: Mol. Plant. Microbe. Interact., 21, 1184 (2008); Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942), Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970), Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990),

Impurity Anastrozole Monoamide Impurity
Applications Anastrozole Monoamide is a derivative of Anastrozole (A637425), an aromatase inhibitor. Used as an antineoplastic.
References Plourde, P.V., et al.: Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 30, 103 (1994), Buzdar, A.U., et al.: Cancer, 79, 730 (1997)

Applications A bile acid derivative as anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent.
References Yasukawa, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull, 19, 573 (1996), Yasukawa, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 52, 119 (2000), Iida, T., et al.: Lipids, 38, 281 (2003),

Impurity Rosuvastatin EP Impurity C (Calcium Salt)
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 5-Oxo Rosuvastatin (Rosuvastatin EP Impurity C (Calcium Salt)) is a Rosuvastatin (R700500) impurity.
References Endo, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 32, 852 (1979), Beck, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 52 (1990), Koga, T., et al.: Lipids, 30, 775 (1995),

Applications Isopyridoxal Hydrochloride is an active vitamer of the B6 complex in humans, and a metabolite standard in the determination of all seven vitamin B6-related compounds. It is also a metabolite in a pyridoxine degradation pathway by soil bacteria.
References Edwards, P., et. al.: Clinica Chimica Acta: Int. J. Clin. Chem., 190, (1990); Lee, Y. C., et. al.: J. Bio. Chem., 261, (1986); Argoudelis, C. J.: J. Chromatogr. A, 790, (1998)

Applications Isometheptene Maleate belongs to a group of sympathomimetic amine and shows very little antihypertensive activity. Isometheptene Maleate is used as an antispasmodic drug.
References Vidrio, H. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 187, 308 (1973); Taylor, W.G. et al.: Drug Metab. Disp., 5, 564 (1977);

Applications A novel semi-synthetic taxane with antitumor activity used for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. A microtubule inhibitor.
References Agarwal, N. et al.: Fut. Oncol., 7, 15 (2011); Mita, A. et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 15, 723 (2009); Figg, W.D. et al.: Cancer Biol. Ther., 10, 1233 (2010);

Applications A synthetic adrenocorticosteroid that acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic agents. It is used as a topical for the treatment of dermatologic disorders such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
References Mason, J. et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 146, 351 (2002); Sears, H.W. et al.: Clin. Therap., 19, 710 (1997); Otomo, Y.Z. et al.: Nip. Yakur. Zas., 78, 647 (1981);

Applications Nicergoline-d3 is the labeled analogue of Nicergoline(N394550), a drug used for age-dependent cognitive impairment such as Alzheimers disease and other types of dementia.
References Caraci, F., et. al.: Brain Res., 1047, 30 (2005); Mizuno, T., et. al.: Brain Res., 1066, 78 (2005)

Applications A metabolite of Clomipramine.
References McTavish, D., et al.: Drugs, 39, 136 (1990), Chauret, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 1130 (1997), Gex-Fabry, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 22, 701 (2000), Herrera, D., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 40, 1488 (2000),

Applications 2-Oxo-Zoniporide is an metabolite of Zoniporide, a potent and selective inhibitor of human sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform1(NHE-1) and protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
References Ross, T.W., et al.: Cardiovascular. Drug. Reviews., 21, 17 (2003); Deepak, D., et al.: Drug. Metabol. Dispos., 38, 641 (2010);

Applications Pravastatin impurity.
References Muramatsu, S., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 20, 1199 (1997), Serajuddin, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 696 (1999),

Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity L
Applications 1,2-Dihydro Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (B131030).

Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications A metabolite of Vitamin A (R252000(M)).
References Touma, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 78, 1127 (2009), Muniz, A., et al.: Biochem., 48, 6854 (2009), Guignard, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 18759 (2010),

Applications Melphalan is an antineoplastic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ross, W.C.J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 13, 969 (1964); Donelli, M.G., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 760 (1966), Furner, R.L., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 64, 559 (1980),

Applications Rosuvastatin ethyl ester (CAS# 851443-04-4) is an intermediate formed during the synthetic preparation of rosuvastatin, a pharmaceutical used to manage LDL cholesterol.
References Sterk, D.; et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 57, 1338 (2016); Olsson, A. G.; et al.: Am. Heart J., 144, 1044 (2002).

Applications Stigmasta-3,5-diene is one of the components found in vegetable oil after refining.
References Lanzon, A., et al.: J. Am. Oil Chemist Soc., 71, 285 (1994); Cert, A., et al.: Food Chem., 49, 287 (1994)

Applications A metabolite of Triamcinolone acetonide.
References Edsbacker, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 11, 590 (1983), Szefler, S., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 30, 323 (1986), Hansel, T., et al.: J. Immunol. Methods, 145, 105 (1991), Argenti, D., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 39, 695 (1999),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Troglitazone Sulfate is the major metabolite of Troglitazone (T892500), a hypoglycemic agent with cholestatic effect.
References Ciaraldi, T.P., et al.: Metabolism, 39, 1056 (1990); Kuzuya, T., et al.: Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 11, 147 (1991); Kellerer, M., et al.: Diabetes, 43, 447 (1994); Adachi, Y., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 67, 923 (2005);

Applications 4’-Hydroxyphenprocoumon is a metabolite of the oral anticoagulant Phenprocoumon (P318820).
References De Vries, J. et al.: J. Chrom. Biomed. Appl., 529, 479 (1990);

Applications Labelled Ouabain (O714500). A cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. It regulates transcription of MDR (increase, Pgp) and MRP (increase MRP1 and decrease CFTR, cyctic fibrosis transport receptor or cAMP-activated Cl- channel) genes, also alters localization of MRP1.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Padilha, A.S. et al.: Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 35, 801 (2008); Blaustein, M.P. et al.: Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 20, 691 (1998); van Huysse, J.W. et al.: Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 20, 657 (1998);

Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity H
Applications A degradation product of Ethynyl Estradiol (EE), (E685100).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Impurity Propofol EP Impurity E; Propofol USP Related Compound A
Applications Dipropofol (Propofol EP Impurity E) is a dimeric derivative of Propofol (P829750). Dipropofol is an antibacterial agent with strong activity againts Gram-positive bacteria. Dipropofol also displays antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. Propofol USP Related Compound A.
References Ogata, M. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 53, 344 (2005); Ogata, M. et al.: Biol. Pharmac. Bull., 30, 1565 (2007);

Applications Prednisolone 21-Valerate was used to detect corticosteroid in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics via TLC, LC/MS, and HPLC.
References Park, M., et al.: Yakhak Hoechi, 55, 289 (2011); Kamano, Y., et al.: Tokyo Ika Daigaku Kiyo, 6, 25 (1980);

Applications A new indicator for the determination of organic acid anhydrides by the morpholine method.
References Ruch, J.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 47, 2057 (1975),

Applications Juvenile Hormone B 3 is a sesquiterpenoid produced by the larval ring gland and adult corpus allatum (CA) of Drosophila melanogaster. Juvenile hormones regulate development, reproduction, diapause, and polyphenisms.
References Wang, Ch., et al.: Gen. Comp. Endocr., 176, 347 (2012); Bendena, W.G., et al.: Gen. Comp. Endocr., 172, 56 (2011); Wyatt, G., Davey, K.: Adv. Insect Physiol., 26, 1 (1996); Nijhout, H.: Insect Hormones (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton) (1994)

Impurity Verapamil EP Impurity J HCl
Applications Nor Verapamil Hydrochloride (Verapamil EP Impurity J HCl) is a metabolite of Verapamil.
References Mutlib, A.E., et al.: The Journal of Pharm. & Exp. Therapeutics, 252, 2, 593 (1989)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications A metabolite of Letrozole.
References Koyama, E., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 15, 224 (1993), Pfister, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 520 (1994), Vander H.Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 24, 723 (2001), Cohen, M., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 8, 665 (2002),

Applications A metabolite of Desoxymetasone (D296970).
References Schriks, M., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4766 (2010), Baeck, M., et al.: Eur. J. Dermatol., 20, 102 (2010), Lee, P., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 69 (2010),

Applications 3-Ethyl 3,5-Didemethyl Memantine is an impurity of Memantine (HCl salt, M218000) which is used as an antiparkinsonian and antispasmodic.
References Rohde, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 100, 2023 (1982), Kornhuber, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 166, 589 (1989), Gortelmeyer, R. and Erbler, H.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 42, 904 (1992)

Applications A new Sildenafil (S435000) analogue.
References Balayssac, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 50, 602 (2009),

Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity D
Applications 9-Deschloro-9-bromo Beclomethasone Dipropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (B131030).
References Shou, M. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 50, 356 (2009); Johnston, S. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 48, 733 (2010);

Impurity Rosuvastatin EP Impurity G
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications ent-Rosuvastatin is an enantiomer of Rosuvastatin (R700500), an impurity which acts as a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (1). Antilipemic (2,3).
References 1. Watanabe, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. 1997 Feb;5(2):437-44.2. Lee, E. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2005 Oct;78(4):330-41.3. Ferdinand, C. et al.: Am. J. Cardiol. 2006 Jan 15;97(2):229-35.

Applications Higenamine acts through inhibition of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-mediated HMGB1 release in vivo. Useful towards ischemic injuries.
References Ha, Y. et al.: Apoptosis., 17, 463 (2012);

Applications A metabolite of 17α-Methyltestosterone (M326400).
References Dumasia, M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 11, 323 (1981), Tang, P., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 182, 289 (1989),

Applications A serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. Used as potential controls in various biological studies.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Wong, D.F., et al.: Science, 226, 1393 (1984), Blin, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 147, 73 (1988), Kehne, J.H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 968 (1996),

Applications SR 9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist that regulates circadian behavior and metabolism; has potential use in the treatment of sleep disorders and metabolic diseases. It is a lead compound for a new class of cancer drugs associated with the body’s circadian clock.
References Solt, L.A., et. al.: Nature, 485, 62 (2012); Chem. and Eng. News. p.8, Jan. 15, 2018

Applications Prolintane is a CNS stiumlant used as an analeptic drug. Prolintane acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hucker, H.B. et al.: Experientia, 28, 430 (1972); Hollister, L.E. et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol. J. New Drugs, 10, 103 (1970); Kuitunen, T. et al.: Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol., 6, 265 (1984):

Applications A labelled metabolite of Prochlorperazine.
References Finn, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 1383 (2005),

Applications Labelled Chlorotoluron (C421600(P)), which is a herbicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Nelieu, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 29, 2644 (2010), Aguilera-Luiz, M., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 399, 2863 (2011),

Applications Amcinonide (A576150) analog as glucocorticoid receptor agonists for the treatment of inflammation and allergic conditions.
References Woodford, R., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 26, 301 (1979),

Applications Atazanavir-d6 is the isotope labelled analog of Atazanavir (A790051); an azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor. Atazanavir has also been investigated as potential treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and for anticancer purposes.
References Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004); Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004)

Applications Perindoprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and antihypertensive.
References Pascard, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 663 (1991)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (R,R)-Ethambutol-d4 Dihydrochloride is the isotope labelled analog of (R,R)-Ethambutol Dihydrochloride (E889805); a compound that shows antitumor properties when complexed with platinum. Also an isomer of Ethambutol (E889800) which is an antibacterial (tuberculostatic).
References Coluccia, M. et al.: Anticanc. Res., 11, 281 (1991); Wilkinson, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 5, 835 (1962); Kulig, et al.: Diss. Pharm. Pharmacol., 23, 463 (1971); Lee, C.S., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 231 (1978)

Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity J
Applications Erythromycin A Oxime (Roxithromycin Impurity C) (Clarithromycin EP Impurity J) is the major metabolite of Roxithromycin and an intermediate of Azithromycin. Antibacterial agent. Roxithromycin impurity C.
References Ferrero, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 18, 441 (1990), Gase, C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991), Markham, A., et al.: Drugs, 48, 297 (1994), Jarukamjorn, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 50, 515 (1998),

Applications An impurity of Rifampamycin (R508000).

Applications Clothianidin-d3 (N-methyl-d3) (CAS# 1262776-24-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound. This compound can be used to detect trace levels of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey bee royal jelly using ultra-sound assisted liquid-liquid extraction-UHPLC/MS.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Giroud, B., et.al., Microchemical J., 151,104249,(2019);

Applications Labelled Bortezomib, which the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved by the US FDA for multiple myeloma, a blood cancer. A reversible inhibitor of the 26S proteasome-a barrel-shaped multiprotein particle found in the nucleus and cytosol of all eukaryotic cells.d6-3%d7-10%d8-86%
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Nawrocki, S.T., et al: Cancer Research, 65, 11510 (2005)

Applications 1,4-Dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of 1,4-Dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxamide (D453415); a compound that has been shown to be one of the potential novel biomarkers of peroxisome proliferation in the rat.
References Ringeissen, S., Biomarkers, 8, 240 (2003); Shibata, K., et al.: Biosci. Biotech. and Biochem., 77, 2105 (2013)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Chlorhexidine Digluconate Impurity K was found in a study of the kinetics of chlorhexidine hydrolysis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Zong, Z., Lee, E.K.: J. Pharm. Sci., 101, 2417 (2012)

Applications An inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase A (CPT1), which is required for the oexidation of long-chain acyl CoA esters. A strong inhibitor of mitochondrial CPT1 and is a candidate as an anti-diabetic drug.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lopaschuk, G., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 88, 175 (1989), Reinauer, H., et al.: J. Clin. Chem .Clin. Biochem., 28, 335 (1990),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is a reagent used to study acylcarnitine profile in thyroid disease.
References Wong, S., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 46, 180 (2013); Alu, F., et al.: Heredity, 110, 253 (2013); Adam, B., et al.: Clinical Biochem., 44, 1445 (2011)

Applications A labelled form of Ethoprophos (E890530), which is an organophosphate non-systemic nematicide and soil insecticide.
References Lehotay, S. J.; Chromatographia (2018).

Impurity Levofloxacin Descarboxy Impurity
Applications A degradation product of Levofloxacin (L360000).
References Wong, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15, 765 (1997), Singh, G., et al.: Pharmazie, 43, 134 (1988), Radi, A., et al.: Talanta, 58, 319 (2002),

Impurity Adapalene USP Related Compound B
Applications Adapalene intermediate, an ester of Adapalene. Adapalene USP Related Compound B.
References Charpentier, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 4993 (1995),

Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),

Applications Anabolic steroid. Controlled substance.
References Schneider, M., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 46, 161 (1996), Bao, S., et al.: Biol. Reprod., 62, 616 (2000), Imamura, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 20171 (2005),

Applications 7-Hydroxy-furo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one is a derivative of 6-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-one (C379925) which is an impurity of Eszopiclone (E889150), a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used as a treatment for insomnia.
References Gottesmann, C., et al.: Eur. J. Neurosci., 10, 409 (1998), Yoshimoto, M., et al.: Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 9, 29 (1999),

Applications An intermediate of SCH 51048, an antifungal agent.
References Lovey, R.G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 12, 1739 (2002), Lovey, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 4221 (1992),

Applications S 23 is a selective androgen receptor modulator.
References Thevis, M., et al.: Drug Testing and Analysis, 2, 589 (2010); Jones, A., et al.; Endocr., 150, 385 (2009)

Applications Antitumor agent.
References Morse, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 2613 (1990), Staretz, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 18, 1715 (1997), Henderson, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 13480 (2003), Jalas, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16, 794 (2003), Su, T., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 199, 285 (2004),

Applications rac-Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative which was once used to treat insomnia. When taken with codeine, it has an intense euphoric effect on the subject due to the body’s increased ability to convert codeine to morphine.
References Popa, D., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 32, 867 (2002);

Applications cetohydrazide-D3 is a labelled analogue of Acetohydrazide (A163770). Acetohydrazide is a metabolite of Isoniazid (I821450) an antibiotic for treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inhibits mycolic acid biosynthesis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Metushi, I.G., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxciol., 25, 2567 (2012); Fukino, K., et al.: J. Toxicol. Sci., 33, 667 (2008)

Applications A hydroxylated analogue of Tamoxifen (T006000) with anti-estrogenic properties.
References Ruenitz, P.C. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 25, 1056 (1982)

Impurity Ampicillin EP Impurity A ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound A
Applications (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity A) is the core structure in penicillins, obtained from the fermentation brew of the Penicillium mold. (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid is used as the main starting block for the preparation of numerous semisynthetic penicillins.
References Zel'tser, I.Z. et al.: Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol., 5, 59 (1983); Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 31, 189 (2008); Novikova, N.D. et al.: Mikol. Fitopatol., 7, 101 (1973);

Applications Sipoglitazar is a novel antidiabetic agent. Sipoglitazar displays triple agonistic activities on the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, hPPAR-γ, -α, and -δ.
References Nishihara, M. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 40, 249 (2012);

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of imidazole antifungal agents.
References Albet, C. et al.; J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 10, 205 (1992); Raga, M. et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. 21, 329 (1986)

Applications Acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue; reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.
References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),

Applications 3’-N-Didesmethyl-3’-N-tosyl Azithromycin is a derivative of Azithromycin (A927000, dihydrate) which is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic.
References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998)