Toxicologie

Applications D-p-Hydroxyphenylglycinamide is an activated side chain precursor and is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2(1H)-pyrazinone (H951260), which is a potential impuritiy of the penicillins, ampicillin and amoxicillin, which have not been reported previously. 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2(1H)-pyrazinone impurity may be formed during the semi-synthetic preparation of these antibiotics or upon their degradation.
References Munro, A., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1197 (1978); Lebelle, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 31, 441 (1979); Gabor, E., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., WO 2004111241 A1 20041223 (2004)

Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E
Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications: 3-Mesityl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-4-ol, is the metabolite of Spiromesifen, which is a Spirocyclic Tetronic Acid, environmentally friendly and novel structural pesticide.
Dangerous Goods Info: Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Jin-Hao, Zh., et al.: Pest Management Science, 68, 10 (2012);

Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications Labelled Myosmine (M835000). Myosmine is an alkaloid found in tobacco. Myosmine has been suspected to be a tobacco-independent carcinogenic source.

Applications Imazamox Methyl Ester is a derivative of Imazamox (I268550), an imidazolinone based acetolactate synthase inhibitor that is utilized as a herbicide for weed control.
References Riar, D.S., et al.: Int. J. Agron., 8 (2012); Grey, T.L., et al.: Weed. Technol., 26, 405 (2012); Rousonelos, S.L., et al.: Weed. Sci., 60, 335 (2012);

Applications Daptomycin is a Cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial.
References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),

Applications 22,23-Dihydrospinasterol is extracted from Citrullus colocynthis leaves and used as a pesticide against cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae.
References Ahmed, M. et al.: Mol.., 25(9), 2184, (2020)

Applications Ancymidol is a growth retardant found in plants. It affects a gibberellin-induced growth response, most likely by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis.
References Shive Jr., J.B., Sisler, H.D., Plant Physiol., 57, 640-644 (1976)

Applications Labelled Pyrimethanil, broad spectrum anilino-pyrimidine foliar fungicide. Pyrimethanil functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of methionine in Botrytis cinerea.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Neumann, G.L. et al.: Brigh. Crop Prot. Conf. Pests Dis., 1, 385 (1992); Fritz, R. et al.: Pest. Sci., 49, 40 (1997);

Applications Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Antiglaucoma agent.
References Lippa, E.A., et al.: Ophthalmology, 98, 308 (1991); Wang, R.-F., et al.: Arch. Ophthalmol., 109, 1297 (1991); Whikehart, D., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 7, 195 (1991); Sjoquist, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 745 (1998);

Applications A metabolite of herbicide Diuron (D494415) and Linuron (L468500). It was investigated in wheat and radish.
References Field, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 3897 (1997),

Applications Barbadin is a selective β-arrestin/β2-adaptin inhibitor. It selectively inhibits the interaction between b-arrestin and the b2-adaptin subunit of the clathrin adaptor protein AP2 without affecting the formation of receptor/b-arrestin complexes.
References Beautrait, A., et al.: Nat Commun. 8, 15054 (2017)

Applications Labelled Ceftiofur (C244700). An antibacterial.
References Yancey, R.J., et al.: Am. J. Vet. Res., 48, 1050 (1987)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Deuterated, Memantine (M218000) which is used as an antiparkinsonian and antispasmodic.
References Rohde, H., et al.: Fortschr. Med., 100, 2023 (1982), Kornhuber, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 166, 589 (1989), Gortelmeyer, R. and Erbler, H.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 42, 904 (1992)