Toxicologie

<p>Applications Aldicarb Sulfone is an analog of Aldicarb (A514650) detected in agricultural products as pesticide residue.<br>References Ashby, J., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 7, 919 (1985), Ashby, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 257, 229 (1991), Kazius, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 312 (2005), Benigni, R., et al.: Mutagenesis, 25, 335 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Triclopyr Butotyl is a herbicide. It s very effective in reducing the canopy of honey mesquite.<br>References El-Khodary, S., et al.: Cytologia, 54, 465 (1989); Bovey, R., et al.: J. Range Management, 34, 144 (1981)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Deschlorobenzoyl Indomethacin-d3, is the labeled analogue of N-Deschlorobenzoyl Indomethacin (D288845), a metabolite of Indomethacin (I641000).<br>References O'Brien, W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 9, 94 (1968), Duggan, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 181, 563 (1972), Abourashed, E., et al.: Curr. Med. Chem., 6, 359 (1999), Chatterjee, P., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 62, 761 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine Hydrochloride acts as a reagent in the preparation of isosteviol-fused pyrazolines and pyrazoles as potential anticancer agents, preparation of pyrazolobenzothiazines as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication.<br>References Zhu, S., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 65, 70 (2013); Barreca, M. L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 2270 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-1,1'-(2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole) is an impurity of Fluconazole (F421000), an antifungal.<br>References Richard, K. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 832 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-​[[[(2,​4-​Difluorophenyl)​methyl]​amino]​carbonyl]​-​1-​(2,​2-​dimethoxyethyl)​-​1,​4-​dihydro-​3-​methoxy-​4-​oxo-2-pyridinecarboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Cabotegravir-d3 (C050102), which is the labelled form of Cabotegravir (C050100). Cabotegravir is a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.<br>References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid that is used in conjunction with Phenol (P318005) to carry out rapid cleavage of sulfonamides. Hydrobromic acid is also used as a catalyst to reduce sulfoxides, such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (D479380).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Aida, T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 14, 39 (1973); Snyder, H. &amp; Geller, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 4864 (1952)<br></p>

<p>Applications O,O,O-Trimethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)diphosphosrodithioate is an impurity of Chlorpyrifos (C425300), an insecticide; acaricide.<br>References Smith, G.N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 15, 132 (1967); Schafer, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 315 (1972)<br></p>

<p>Applications It is an antiepileptic.<br>References Burchall, J., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 1, 126 (1965), Cody, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 25, 427 (1982)<br></p>

<p>Applications Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the viral enzyme serine protease HCV NS3. Also functions as a second generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatitis C.<br>References Takehara, T., et al.: Igaku no Ayumi, 255, 1155 92015); Kalaghatgi, P., et al.: PLoS One, 11, 5 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)tetracosanamide acts as a crude oil emulsifier.<br>References Zhiqiang, J., et al.: Fami Zhu Shen., 5 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gabapentin Lactam-d6, is the labeled analogue of Gabapentin Lactam (G117275), that reduces protein aggregates and improves motor performance in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease. It opens mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels.<br>References Zucker, B.,et al.: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 370, 131 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Daidzein.<br>References Cassidy, A., et al.: J. Clin. Nutr., 60, 333(1994), Pereira, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 15, 1049 (1994), Shah, V., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 1551 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine is used in the making of herbicidal compositions.<br>References Hanagan, M. A., et al.: Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes, 39, (2012); Wei, W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 27, 3365 (2017); Ma, Y., et al.: Heterocycles, 92, 829 (2016); Carles, L., et al.: J. Hazard. Mater., 354, 42 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications An Atorvastatin impurity in bulk drug and tablets.<br></p>

<p>Applications Desoxymycin is a derivative of streptomycin(S687223) which is an antibiotic produced by aerobic fermentation. Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Weiss, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 7, 374 (1957), Umezawa, et al.: J. Antibiot., 27, 997 (1974), Mossa, J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 16, 507 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl Regorafenib-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of N-Desmethyl Regorafenib (D293270); a synthetic metabolite of Regorafenib (R143000) used for treatment and prevention of cancer.<br>References Wilhelm, S.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2011130728 A1 20111020. Oct 20, 2011<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiophanate Ethyl-d10 is the isotope labelled analog of Thiophanate Ethyl; a systemic fungicide used in plant protection. Thiophanate Ethyl was shown to be effective against Botryotinia [ Sclerotinia] fuckeliana and Uncinula necator on grapevines, Mycosphaerella fragariae on strawberries, and powdery mildew of cucumber.<br>References Baicu, T., et al.: Analele Institutului de Cercetari pentru Protectia Plantelor, 8, 227 (1970)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2’,3’,4’-Tri-O-benzoyl Propofol-d17 β-D-Glucuronide Methyl Ester is an protected metabolite of Propofol (P829750), an anesthetic used in veternary medicine.<br>References Fujiwara, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 35, 747 (2007), Soars, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods, 47, 161 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Auristatin F is an antimitotic auristatin derivative that has been shown as a potent antitumor agent.<br>References Doronina S.O., et al.: Bioconjugate Chem., 17, 114-124 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Aminoethoxyvinyl Glycine Hydrochloride is an ethylene synthesis inhibitor that is used as a plant growth regulator.<br>References Tsantili, E., et. al.: Sci. Hortic-Amsterdam, 140, 26 (2012); Cetinbas, M., Butar, S.: Eur. J. Hortic. Sci., 78, 126 (2013); Centibas, M., et. al.: Sci. Hortic-Amsterdam, 147, 1 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefdinir Thiazine Analog is hydrolytic degradation product of Cefdinir (C242670).<br>References Okamoto, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 976 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorobenzeneamine is a chemical in pesticides used to protect crops from various fungus and bacterium.<br>References Gartrell, M. et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 68, 1163 (1985); Renner, G. et al.: App. Env. Microbio. 46, 765 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled Tamoxifen; a selective estrogen response modifier (SERM), protein kinase C inhibitor and anti-angiogenetic factor. Tamoxifen is a prodrug that is metabolized to active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and endoxifen by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. In breast cancer, the gene repressor activity of tamoxifen against ERBB2 is dependent upon PAX2. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.Protein kinase C inhibitor. Induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Tamoxifen and its metabolite 4-hydroxytamoxifen (H954725) are selective estrogen response modifiers (SERMs) that act as estrogen antagonists in mammary gland. Blocks estradiol-stimulated VEGF production in breast tumor cells.<br>References Sutherland, R., et al.: Nature, 267, 434 (1977); Lerner, L., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4177 (1990); Love, R., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 20 2559 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2,4'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (D434205). 2,4'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is a chlorinated organic pesticide having estrogenic activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Iwata, H., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1080 (1993), Beyer, A., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 941 (2002), Cunningham, S., et al.: Science, 317, 935 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled, primary metabolite of Tianeptine.<br>References Dresse, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 28, 1115 (1988), Grislain, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 18, 804 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aprindine is a long-acting antiarrhythmic agent, effective when administered orally or intravenously in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias of varying etiologies.<br>References Danilo, P. Jr., et al.: Am. Heart. J., 97, 119 (1979); Atarashi, H., et al.: Circulation. J., 66, 553 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Prothioconazole S-Glucuronide is derived from Prothioconazole (P838830), which is an antifungal metabolite used in agricultural fungicides and herbicides.<br>References Aristimuno Ficoseco, M.E., et al.: Nat. Prod. Res (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Rosuvastatin Methyl Ester is an impurity of Rosuvastatin (R700500) in the pharmaceutical dosage forms under forced degradation conditions.<br>References Lennernas, H., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 32, 403 (1997), Kivisto, K., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 49 (1998), Lan, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 44, 540 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Butyl-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)oxirane is an impurity of Hexaconazole (H293555), a fungicide of the triazole class. Hexaconazole has a broad spectrum antifungal activity and is commonly used in the control of apple, coffee and peanut diseases.<br>References Brown, M.C. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pest. Dis., 1, 229 (1988); Gozzo, F. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 40, 68 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-Ethylpropyl)-2,4-dihydro-4-[4-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one is an intermediate in the synthesis of Deshydroxy Posaconazole Impurity (A6480252), which is a 2,2,5-tetrahydrofuran regioisomers of SCH 51048 (A648025) that exhibit antifungal activity.<br>References Lovey, R.G.; et al.: Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett, 12, 1739 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methylene]-2,4-difluoro-benzenemethanamine is derived from 2,4-Difluorobenzylamine (D450850), which acts as a reagent for the design of pyrazole derivatives as non-nucleoside heptatitis B virus inhibitors. It is also used as a reagent in the preparation, HIV antiviral activity, SAR, and molecular modelling of hydroxypyridonecarboxylic acids as HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.<br>References Jia, H., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 123, 202 (2016); Kankanala, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 59, 5051 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Morphine Methylsulfonate is a derivative of Morphine (M652285), which is the principle alkaloid of opium and an analgesic used to treat both acute and chronic pain.<br>References Stefano, G., et. al.: Folia Biol, 58, 49 (2012);Buchwald, M.E., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 71, 197 (1941); Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 259 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Bexarotene (B336750). Used as an antineoplastic. A selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist.<br>References Boehm, M.F., et al.: J. Med. Che., 37,2930 (1994), Gottardis, M.M., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5566 (1996), Mukherjee, R., et al.: Nature, 386, 407 (1997), Miller, V.A., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 15, 790 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-Nebivolol (N387896) metabolite.<br></p>

<p>Applications Acifluorfen-2-amino is a reduction product of Acifluorfen (A795248), a herbicide. Acifluorfen-2-amino is usually the first product in the degradation of Acifluorfen.<br>References Gennari, Mara, et al.: J. of Agri. and Food Chem., 42(5), 1232-6 (1994);Gooch, A. et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 36, 2227 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Eltenac (E507000). A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.<br>References Allen, A., et al.: Gut, 21, 249 (1980), Tobin, T., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 9, 1 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Delachlor is a herbicide for weed control.<br>References Klassen, M., et al.: J. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol., 16, 552 (1971), Mishra, R. K., et al.: Pesticides, 22, 10 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Valerylglycine-13C2,15N is a labelled analogue of N-Valerylglycine (V091470).<br></p>

<p>Applications Azocyclotin is an organotin aracacide used in the control of mites. Azocyclotin showed weak antifeedant activity against other insects such as Spodoptera littoralis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hammann, I. et al.: Pflanzensch.-Nach., 31, 61 (1978); Ascher, K.R.S.: Naturwissenschaften, 67, 312 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications Khellin is a compound present in the kella or picktooth fruit, used as a muscle relaxant.<br>References Shinde, P. et al.: Indian J. Nat. Prod. Res., 5, 40 (2014); Sztiller-Sikorska, M. et al.:<br></p>

<p>Applications Bupirimate is a pyrimidine based fungicide with protective and curative activity for the control of fungal diseases by interfearing with nucleic acid synthesis.<br>References Belmonte, V. N., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1264, 110 (2012); Attallah, E.R., et al.: J. Food. Agri. Envrion., 10, 755 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloro-4-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)amino]benzoic Acid is a chlortoluron metabolite that was studied in transgenic tobacco plants.<br>References Shiota, N., et al.: Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 54, 190 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications An enantiomer of Tolvaptan. It is a selective, competitive arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).<br>References Paterna, S., et al.: Eur. J. Heart Fail, 2, 305 (2000), Udelson, J., et al.: Circulation, 104, 2417 (2001), Goldsmith, S., et al.: J. Am. Coll Cardiol., 46, 1785 (2005), Schrier, R., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 355, 2099 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antiepileptic; Anticonvulsant that also acts as a mood stabilizer for those with bipolar disorder.<br>References Chang, Z.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 529 (1979), Della Paschoa, O.E., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 1610 (1998), Grimes, C.A., et al.: J. Neirochem., 73, 1384 (1999), Loscher, W., Prog. Neurobiol., 58, 31 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,5-Dichloroaniline-2,4,6-d3 (CAS# 1219795-03-5) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Loratadine (L469575) Impurity. An isomer of N-Methyl Desloratadine (M316500).<br>References Zhong, D., et al.: Pharmazie, 49, 736 (1994); Ruperez, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 29, 35 (2002);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled S-Verapamil (V124991). Both isomers inhibit the p-glycoprotein efflux pump in multidrug resistant tumor cells.<br>References Peroutka, S., et al.: J. Ann. Neurol, 23, 500 (1988), Eliason, J.F., et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 46, 113 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyphosate-13C,15N is the labelled analogue of Glyphosate (G765000), which is used as a herbicide.<br>References Davis, V., et al.: Weed Sci., 57, 494 (2009), Bellaloui, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 9050 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Codeine (C634075). Analgesic (narcotic); antitussive.<br>References Frances, B., et al.: J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 25, 262 (1992), Osborne, R., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 34, 130, (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications Alphaxalone-d5 (major) is the labeled analogue of Alphaxalone (A575530), an anesthetic used on animals.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gieseg, M.A., et. al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 62, 103 (2014);<br></p>