Toxicologie

Applications Cuprous Cyanide-15N is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bictegravir-15N, d2 (B382096), which is the labeled version of Bictegravir, which is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.
References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;

Applications Hexamidine-d12 Impurity A Hydrochloride is the labeled analogue of Hexamidine Impurity A Hydrochloride is an impurity of Hexamidine (H294205), an amidine compound use in the treatment of amyloid-related diseases; also use as preservative in cosmetics. Antiseptic.
References Taylor, P., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 72, 1477 (1983); Granel, F., et al.: Clin. Infect. Diseases, 23, 839 (1996); Bailly, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 323, 23 (1997); Enyedy, I., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 1349 (2001)

Applications Labelled 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-ethoxy-8-methoxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid is used in the synthesis of new tetracyclic quinolone antibacterials.
References Taguchi, M. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35, 94 (1992);

Applications Eicosapentaenoyl Ethanolamide-d4 is labelled Eicosapentaenoyl Ethanolamide (E477960) which inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes.
References Lucanic, M., et al.: Nature, 473, 226 (2011)

Applications 1,3-Difluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol is a reagent used in the synthesis of hepatitis C virus inhibitors.

Applications Diphenyl-d10 Sulfide (CAS# 180802-01-1) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma). Dyes and metabolites.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Waring, M.J., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 13, 269 (1965), Probst, G.S., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 3, 11 (1981),

Applications 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)acetic Acid is a synthetic auxin, or a class of plant growth regulators.
References Savaldi-Goldstein, S. et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Uni. Am., 105, 15190 (2008); Mahajan, D. et al.: J. App. Chem., 2, 765 (2013);

Applications An active insecticidal constituent of pyrethrum flowers. Oxidizes rapidly and becomes inactive in presence of air.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Okey, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 45, 241 (1990), Barter, R., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 113, 36 (1992), Hood, A., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 49, 263 (1999),

Impurity USP Ribavirin Related Compound A
Applications Ribavirin Carboxylic acid is an impurity of Ribavirin (R414475). Ribavirin impurity A.
References Lertora, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 50, 442 (1991), Connor, E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 532 (1993), Manns, M., et al.: Lancet, 358, 958 (2001),

Applications 10-O-Benzyl (R)-Apomorphine-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of 10-O-Benzyl (R)-Apomorphine (B230300); a benzyl derivative of (R)-Apomorphine (A727500) which is a dopamine (D1 and D2) receptor agonist, emetic, and antiparkinsonian.
References Neumeyer, J.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 1850 (1970); Ginos, J.Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1194 (1975); Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 20, 121 (1991)

Applications A labelled metabolite of Warfarin (W498500) in humans.
References Barbato, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 225 (1997), Kavana, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 42, 10238 (2003), Franco, A., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 458 (2009),

Applications Ethanolamine is used in the preparation of various pharmaceutical compounds and inhibitors. Substituted carboxamides are synthesized using Ethanolamine that show potent antitumor activity. Also used in the synthesis of aminoquinolones which display anti-plasmodial activity.
References Lombardo, L. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 6658 (2004); Egan, T.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 283 (2000)

Applications A reactant used in the preparation of carbocyclic deoxyguanosine analog with potent and selective anti-hepatitis B virus.
References Bisacchi, G. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 127 (1997)

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of antifungal agents such as Ketoconazole (K186000), Itraconazole (I937500) and Terconazole.

Applications Streptamine Sulfate is the sulfate salt of streptamine, which is a subunit used in the synthesis of Streptomycin (S687500), an antibiotic substance produced by aerobic fermentation that is also antibacterial (tuberculostatic).
References Weiss, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 7, 374 (1957), Umezawa, et al.: J. Antibiot., 27, 997 (1974), Mossa, J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 16, 507 (1986)

Applications Pyrifenox

Applications 2-epi-Darunavir is a stereoisomer to Darunavir (D193500), a second generation HIV-1-protease inhibitor; structurally similar to amprenavir. Antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Rao, R.N., et. al.: J. Sep. Sci., 35, 2671 (2012); Koh, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3123 (2003); Arasteh, K., et al.: AIDS, 19, 943 (2005); Surleraux, D.L.N.G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 1813 (2005)

Applications Labelled 3'-N-[[4-(acetylamino)phenyl]sulfonyl]-3'-N-demethyl Azithromycin, an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000).
References Debremaeker, D. et al.: Rap. Comm. Mass. Spec., 17, 342 (2003);

Applications Isomer of (-)-(3S)-3-Hydroxy Quinine-vinyl-d3.

Applications 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone is used in the formation of spirophosphoranes containing acyclic 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-diazaphosphol-4-yl substituent.
References Mironov, V. F., et al.: Russ. J. Electrochem., 88, 430-438 (2018)

Applications (S)-3-Aminobutan-1-ol can be used as an intermediate in the preparation of compounds having HIV integrase inhibitory activity.
References Johns, B. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 5901 (2013);

Applications Phosmet is used as a pesticide to protect crops and vegetation. Insecticide. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698230).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Sipes, N. et al.: Chem. Res. Tox., 26, 878 (2013); Song, Y. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 6, 2625 (2013); Sinderhauf, K. et al.: J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm., 47, 509 (2004);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 42-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl Rapamycin is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Everolimus (E945400); an immunosuppressant macrolide and analog of the parent drug Rapamycin (R124000). Everolimus inhibits cytokine-mediated lymphocyte proliferation.
References Dumont, F.J., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 2, 1220 (2001); Kovarik, J. M., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 69, 48 (2001); Nashan, B., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 24, 53 (2002); Venkata, S.P., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. WO 2012066502 A1 20120524. May 24, 2012

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors
References Itoh, F., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 43, 230 (1995), Summa, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 5843 (2008),

Applications N-Acetyl Cefixime is the N-acetylated analogue and impurity of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefixime (C242800).

Applications Isotope labelled 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid is a benzoic acid analogue that showed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus, causative agents of human aspergillosis, in in vitro bioassays. It is used as a preservative.
References Rep, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 8290 (2000), Jaeger, T., et al.: Biofactors, 27, 109 (2006), Kim, J., et al.: Fungal Biology, 114, 817 (2010),

Applications 2,3-Dimethylbenzoquinone is a reagent in the preparation of hydroxycinnolines which has antifungal activity.
References Ryu, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1850 (2006)

Applications Pitavastatin 1-Phenylethylamide-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of Pitavastatin 1-Phenylethylamide. Pitavastatin 1-Phenylethylamide is an impurity of Pitavastatin (P531000), which is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Antilipemic.
References Aoki, T., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 47, 904 (1997), Yamada, I., et al.: Xenobiotica, 33, 789 (2003), Park, S., et al.: Clin. Ther., 27, 1074 (2005),

Applications N-Demethyl Erythromycin A-d7 is a labeled version of N-Demethyl Erythromycin A (D230930), which is a metabolite of Erythromycin (E649950).
References Rich, D.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1004 (1975), Itoh, Z,. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863 (1984), Omura, S., et al.: J. Antibiotics 38, 1631 (1985)

Applications (R)-Chloropheniramine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of (R)-(-)-Chlorpheniramine Maleate (C424306), which is the R-enantiomer of Chlorpheniramine (C424300). Antihistaminic.
References Ishida, M., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 359, 46 (2008), Moreno, R., et al.: Biomed. Chromatog., 24, 774 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),

Applications Emtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Dihydrochloride is a derivative of Emtricitabine (E525000). Emtricitabine is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner.
References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Applications 7,13-Bisside chainpacltaxel is a derivative of Paclitaxel (P132500) which has anticancer properties.
References Zhong, T., et al.: Bioconjugate Chem., 29, 437-444 (2018)

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors

Applications 5-Oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4,4-diacetic Acid is used as a reagent to synthesize vibrioferrin, a siderophore. It can also be used as a building block of lipophilic isosteres of nucleoside triphosphates which are potential inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase.
References Takeuchi, Y., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 47, 459 (1999); Weaver, R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 2405 (1996)

Applications 2,2'-Dinaphthyl Ether and ethers exhibit antifungal activity against A. niger, A. flavus, A. alternata and F. oxysporum.
References Pawar, N., et al.: Asian J. Biochem. Pharm. Res., 2, 157 (2012)

Applications Atraton is a toxic herbicide and an environmental contaminants.
References Lu, Y. C., et al.: Chemosphere, 165, 487 (2015); Dong, X., et al.: Soil Sediment Contam., 24,573 (2015); Gonzalez-Cadena, J., et al.: Sustainable Environment Research, 23, 253 (2013)

Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity J
Applications (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Lamivudine EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500). (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is also being further studied to determine its potential as an anti-HIV agent.
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993)

Applications Antihypertensive.

Applications Labelled Nitecapone. Inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Biggs, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 299, 83 (1996), Mannisto, P., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 51(4), 593 (1999), Fisher, A., et al.: Neuroscience, 95(1), 97 (2000),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications 2,4,5-Trichloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile is a degradation product of Chlorothalonil (C411250).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Bakke, J., et al.: Science, 210, 433 (1980), Aschbacher, P., et al.: Xenobiotica, 17, 1047 (1987), Chadwick, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 24, 425 (1992), Wallin, A., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 21, 443 (1993),

Applications Omeprazole (O635000) impurity.