Toxicologie

<p>Applications Tauro 6-Ethlchenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt can be otained from 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810) which is a derivative of the bile acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid (C291900). 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810) is a potent activator of the farnesoid X nuclear receptor which reduces liver fat and fibrosis in animal models of fatty liver disease.<br>References Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A., et al.: Lancet., 385, 956 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is a derivative in the synthesis of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References Macsari, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 3871 (2011); Cui, Y., et al.: Curr. Sci., 89, 531 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Chloroethoxy Roxithromycin is an impurity of Roxithromycin (R700850); a semisynthetic Erythromycin (E649950) derivative and antibacterial.<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983); Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986); Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987); Gasc, J.C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications: An impurity contained in samples of all trans-retinoic acid.<br>References Newton, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 40, 3413 (1980), Curley, R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2, 1133 (1992), Tanaka, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 43, 356 (1995), Patel, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 6716 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Difluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol is a reagent used in the synthesis of hepatitis C virus inhibitors.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluconazole EP Impurity A<br>Applications Iso Fluconazole (Fluconazole EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Fluconazole (F421000). Fluconazole USP impurity A.<br>References Rogers, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 418 (1986), Itoh, H., et al.: Chem. Pharmaceut. Bull., 48, 1148 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Gallocatechin ethanol is an antioxidant with free radical scavenging ability; a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. It inhibits the growth and adherence of P. gingivalis onto the buccal epithelial cells. An epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (E588940).<br>References Guo, Q. et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1427, 13 (1999); Sakanaka, S. et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60, 745 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-10-Monohydroxy-10,11-dihydro Carbamazepine-D3 is a labelled analogue of (S)-10-Monohydroxy-10,11-dihydro Carbamazepine (M546510), a metabolite of Eslicarbazepine acetate (E659000) a novel central nervous system drug.<br>References Duncan, J., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 53, 123 (2002), Almeida, L., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 1062 (2005), Coppola, G., et al.: CNS Drugs, 18, 133 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexamidine-d12 Impurity A Hydrochloride is the labeled analogue of Hexamidine Impurity A Hydrochloride is an impurity of Hexamidine (H294205), an amidine compound use in the treatment of amyloid-related diseases; also use as preservative in cosmetics. Antiseptic.<br>References Taylor, P., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 72, 1477 (1983); Granel, F., et al.: Clin. Infect. Diseases, 23, 839 (1996); Bailly, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 323, 23 (1997); Enyedy, I., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 1349 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications b-Phenylethyl Furoate (cas# 7149-32-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications A key intermediate in production of HCV (Hepatitis C virus) antivirals.<br>References McGowan, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2492 (2009), Birch, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 1558 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefdinir Thiazine Analog is hydrolytic degradation product of Cefdinir (C242670).<br>References Okamoto, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 976 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Efavirenz 1-Desamine is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Des[(5-Methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio] Cefazolin-3-methanol is an impurity of Cefazolin (C242500). Cefazolin impurity X3.<br>References Kidwai, M., et al.: Chem. Lett., 6, 487 (1999), Kidwai, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 8, 69 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dihydro-oseltamivir is the impurity of the anti-viral drug Oseltamivir Phosphate (O701000), which is an orally active inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Oliyai, R., et al.: Pharm. Res., 15, 1300 (1998); Kim, C.U., et al.: Med. Chem. Res., 8, 392 (1998); Hayden, F.G., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 341, 1336 (1999); Treanor, J.J., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 283, 1016 (2000); Kalashnikov, A., et al.: Russ. Chem. Bull., 62, 163 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Pefloxacin-d3 is deuterium labelled Pefloxacin, which is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial; analog of Norfloxacin.<br>References Barre, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 73, 1379 (1984); Contrepois, A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 14, 51 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tiafenacil is a uracil herbicide used as a pesticide for the prevention and control of plants.<br>References Peng, X., et al. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, 68pp Patent 2018 CODEN:CNXXEV<br></p>

<p>Applications Triphenyl Phosphate-13C6 is the isotope labelled analog of Triphenyl Phosphate (T808990). Triphenyl Phosphate is used in the insecticidal composition and also acts as a flame retardant. Triphenyl phosphate is also added to some nail polishes as a replacement for the plasticizer Dibutyl Phthalate (D429495). Diphenyl Phosphate (D492000), a metabolite of triphenyl phosphate increased sharply in the urine of women 10-14 hours after they painted their nails with polish containing triphenyl phosphate.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Stumpf, N., et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 94, 1577 (2001); Ay, R., et al.: J. Pest. Sci., 78, 139 (2005); Kang, C., et al.: J. Appl. Entomol., 130, 377 (2006); Xia, X. et al.: J. Elec. Soc., 159, A1834 (2012); Chem. and Eng. News P.19, Oct 26, 2015<br></p>

<p>Applications di-Val-L-dC Trihydrochloride is a β-L-2'-Deoxynucleoside for treatment of resistant hepatitis B virus strains, and combination therapies.<br>References Standring, D. et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications N6-Cyclopropyl-9H-purine-2,6-diamine is an impurity of Abacavir Sulfate (A105000), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (1,2,3).<br>References (1) Daluge, S.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 1082 (1997) (2) Foster, R.H., et al.: Drugs, 55, 729 (1998) (3) Staszewski, S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 285, 1155 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluconazole EP Impurity B / Fluconazole USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 4-Defluoro-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) Fluconazole (Fluconazole EP Impurity B) is an impurity of the antifungal agent Fluconazole (F421000).<br>References Ramesh, B. et al.: J. Pharm. Res., 4, 1401 (2011); Al-Rimawi, F.: Jor. J. Chem., 4, 357 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethylene seco-Benzoxadiazine Marbofloxacin is an impurity of Marbofloxacin (M197000); a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977); Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Oleoyl Taurine which belongs to the class of N-Acyl Taurines were detected in beta cells of Langerhans islets causing insulin secretion results beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes<br>References Aichler, M., et al.: Cell Metab., 25, 1334-1347 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Isopropyl-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline is a dinitro herbicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chen, Y., et al.: Green Chemistry, 15, 91 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2R,4S)-Itraconazole is an enantiomer of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications ent-Lamivudine (Lamivudine EP Impurity D) is an enantiomer of Lamivudine (L172500); an antiviral that inhibits HIV-reverse transcriptase.<br>References Pepe, G. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 31, 775 (1996); Marr, E. et al.: Antiviral Res., 28, 1 (1995); Parikh, U.M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 1139 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Clarithromycin (9Z)-Oxime (Clarithromycin EP Impurity L) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750); a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic and derivative of Erythromycin (E650000).<br>References Esteban, J., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 45, 5563 (2004); Morgan, D., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 502, 351 (1990); Benson, C., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 6, 173 (1987); Boyanova, L., et al.: J. Med. Microb., 61, 85 (2012); Lin, Z., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 126, 114 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(tributyltin) Oxide is an organotin compound used as a fungicide and molluscicide, particularly in wood preservation. Bis(tributyltin) Oxide was used as an active component in marine antifouling paints but is not longer used due to its toxicity and is considered a severe marine pollutant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Laughlin, R.B.J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 20, 884 (1988); Polster, M. et al.: Ces.-Slov. Hyg., 15, 243 (1970);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-[4-(4-Aminophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]phendiamineol is an intermediate of Posaconazole (P689600), which is orally active antifungal triazole.<br>References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000); Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004); Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006); Yan, X., et al.: Guangzhou Huagong, 41, 107 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile is a metabolite of the fungicide 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TPN) in soil.<br>References Sato, K., et al.: Biol. Fert. Soils, 3, 205 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl (1R,4S)-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-carboxylate (2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of ent-Abacavir (A105015), which is an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications Propineb-d3 is the labeled analog of Propineb (P771450), which is used as a fungicide.<br>References Sharma, I.M., et. al.: J. Mycology Plant Pathology, 44, 92 (2014); Gupta, R.C., et. al.: Pestology, 37, 43 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2E)-5-(tert-Butyloxycarbonylamino)-5-methylhex-2-enoic Acid is used in the preparation of C-terminal sulfonamide analogs of NN703 as growth hormone secretagogues.<br>References Peschke, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9, 1295-1298 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Riluzole N-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate and metabolite of Riluzole (R510000), a neuroprotective agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Demethyl Erythromycin A-d7 is a labeled version of N-Demethyl Erythromycin A (D230930), which is a metabolite of Erythromycin (E649950).<br>References Rich, D.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1004 (1975), Itoh, Z,. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863 (1984), Omura, S., et al.: J. Antibiotics 38, 1631 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-Chloropheniramine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of (R)-(-)-Chlorpheniramine Maleate (C424306), which is the R-enantiomer of Chlorpheniramine (C424300). Antihistaminic.<br>References Ishida, M., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 359, 46 (2008), Moreno, R., et al.: Biomed. Chromatog., 24, 774 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),<br></p>