Toxicologie

<p>Applications Acephate acts as a contact and systemic insecticide in agriculture through pesticide formulations. Through perinatal exposure studies, it has been linked to hyperglycemia, changes in lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes (1). Acephate exposed Drosophila melanogaster potentially display an L-ascorbic acid mediated defense (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants. Standard for Pesticide detection. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Ribeiro, T. et al.: Toxicology. 2016 Nov 30;372:12-21. 2. Rajak, P. et al.: J. Hazard. Mater. 2017 Jan 5;321:690-702.<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenobuccarb is a carbamate insecticide used as an agricultural insecticide on rice and cotton.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Strempel, S., et al.: Envrion. Toxicol. Chem., 32, 1187 (2013); Xu, X.M., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 161 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefuroxime Axetil EP Impurity A<br>Applications Δ2-Cefuroxime Axetil (Cefuroxime Axetil EP Impurity A) is an oral prodrug of Cefuroxime (C248060), an injectable second generation cephalosporin with an excellent antibacterial activity. This ester is applied in therapy as a mixture of the R and S diastereoisomers.<br>References Nguyen, N., et al.: Pharm. Res., 8, 893 (1991), Stoeckel, K., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 2602 (1998), Scott, L., et al.: Drugs, 61, 1455 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Artemether- 13C, d3, is the labeled analogue of Artemether (A777400), which is a derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Antimalarial, used to treat strains of malaria which are multi-drug resistant.<br>References Hombhanje, F., et al.: Pharma., 3, 3581 (2010), Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Amoxicilloic Acid Dimer is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634528), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979);Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of the analgesic Ketorolac (K235650).<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled enatiomeric analogue of the antimicrobial agent Thiamphenicol (T344160).<br>References Gal, J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 77, 1062 (1988); Martin, J. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 96, 215 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Diazoxide-d3 is the labeled analogue of Diazoxide (D417305), which reduces status epilepticus neuron damage in diabetes.<br>References Baba, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 23, 7737 (2003); Bancila, V., et al.: J. Neurochem., 90, 1243 (2004); Bancila, V., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 8793 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Cortisol (H714615).<br>References Quinkler, M., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 2384 (2003), Draper, N., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 186, 251 (2005), Kotlowska, A., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 42, 448 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor.<br>References Wiesel, F.A., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 28, 89 (1985), Burkard, W.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 248, 391 (1989)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diltiazem EP Impurity F<br>Applications Desacetyl Diltiazem (Diltiazem EP Impurity F) is a metabolite of Diltiazem (D460620).<br>References Shallcross, H., et al.: Br. Med. J., 295, 1236 (1987), Yeung, P.K.F., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 18, 1055 (1990), Cashman, J.R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34,2049 (1991),<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Ropivacaine acts as a local anaesthetic for use during medical procedures. Frequently used in epidural procedures as a labor analgesia<br>References Bataille, A. et al.: Brit. J. Anaesthesia., 112, 703 (2014); Zhai, Y. et al.: Int. j. Pharm., 47, 103 (2014); Yue, H. et al.: Chin Med. J., 126. 4301 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tenofovir Disoproxil derivative as antiviral and antitumor agent.<br></p>

<p>Applications Growth hormone-release inhibiting factor; treatment of severe, acute hemorrhage of gastroduodenal ulcers; experimental antidiabetic.<br>References Brazeau, P., et al.: Science, 179, 77 (1973), Siler, T.M., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 37, 632 (1973), Pradayrol, L., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 85, 701 (1978), Mandarino, L., et al.: Nature, 291, 76 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications N1,N12-Diacetylspermine Dihydrochloride is a diacetylated derivative of Spermine (S680510) and is recognized as a novel tumor marker in patients with breast and colorectal cancers.<br>References Kato, M., et al.: Anticancer Res., 34, 3053 (2014); Umemori, Y., et al.: Clin. Chim. Acta, 411, 1894 (2010); Kawakita, M., et al.: J. Biochem., 139, 315 (2006); Hiramatsu, K., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 2986 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications A dextrorotatory stereoizomer of Quinine. Antiarrhythmic (class IA). Antimalarial.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Loutfy, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 483 (1983), Mason, J. W., et al.: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 432, 162 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Fluazifop is a grass-selective herbicide which inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase in sensitive plant species.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Walker, K.A., et. al.: Biochem. J., 254, 307 (1988); Hajslova, J., et. al.: J. Chrom., 438, 55 (1988)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triclabendazole Sulfoxide-D3 is a stable isotopically labelled metabolite of Triclabendazole (T774175), an anthelmintic.<br>References Wolff, K., et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 13, 145 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity G<br>Applications 3’-N-Desmethyl-3’-N-tosyl Azithromycin (Azithromycin EP Impurity G) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity.<br>References Kirst, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 33, 1419 (1989), Gandhi, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 1073 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxy Coumarin is a plant derived antioxidant, protecting against lipid peroxidation, as well as a potential inhibitor of HIV-1 Integrase.<br>References Foti, M. et al.: J. Agric. F., 44, 497 (1996); J. Med. Chem., 40, 242 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Homogeneous nonionic detergent with bile acid hydrophobic group. Useful in solubilization of functional opiate receptor.<br>References Hjelmeland, L.M., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 130, 485 (1983), Buhler, H., et al.: Biochim. et Biophys. Acta., 1075, 206 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Biliverdine is a precursor of Bilirubin. Biliverdine is formed in the body from hemoglobin. The bile of amphibians and of birds contains Biliverdine only. It is also an inhibitor for hepatitis C virus.<br>References Lemberg et al.: Biochem. J., 35, 363 (1941); Gutierrez-Grobe, Y. et al.: Annals. Hepatol., 10, 105 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications β-Cembrenediol is an inhibitor of tumor promotion. Novel c-Met inhibitors which are used in anticancer treatments.<br>References Le-Huu, P. et al.: ChemCatChem., 8, 3755 (2016); Ebrahim, H. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 24, 5748 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Labelled Phosmet is used as a pesticide to protect crops and vegetation. Insecticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sipes, N. et al.: Chem. Res. Tox., 26, 878 (2013); Song, Y. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 6, 2625 (2013); Sinderhauf, K. et al.: J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm., 47, 509 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A novel pharmaceutical compound based on PDE IV inhibitors; used in the treatment of respiratory complaints.<br>References Gomez, et al.: Br. J. Anaesth., 74, 549 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Carvedilol EP Impurity B; Carvedilol Impurity B; Carvedilol USP B<br>Applications Carvedilol Bis-carbazole (Carvedilol EP Impurity B; Carvedilol Impurity B; Carvedilol USP B) is an impurity from the process of Carvedilol (C184625).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A pro-drug of Ganciclovir. Used in treatment of retro-virus.<br>References Acosta, E., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 81, 867 (2007), Nassetta, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 63, 862 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Calcitonin, Salmon is a calcium regulating hormone which exhibits hypocalcaemic and hypophosphatemic properties.<br></p>

<p>Applications Pipamazine is a drug od the phenothiazine class which used to be used as an antiemetic.<br>References Bhargava, K. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 22, 154 (1964); Bhargava, K. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 21, 436 (1963);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled insecticidal, acaricidal, and fungicidal combinations of carboxamides and other pesticides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dugo, G., et al.: Food Chem., 16, 435 (2005), Caldas, E., et al.: Toxicology, 222, 132 (2006), Cabras, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 2244 (1997), Wilkinson, C., et al.: Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 31, 30 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Doxycycline-d3 Hyclate, is the labeled analogue of Doxycycline Hyclate (D561500), acting as an Antibacterial.<br>References Fabre, et al.: Chemotherapia, 11, 73 (1966), Goldenthal, et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Polson, A.M., et al.: J. Periodontol., 68, 110 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Grifolic Acid is a selective partial GPR120 agonist. Grifolic Acid induces ERK and [Ca2+]i responses in cells expressing GPR120, but has no effects on those expressing GPR40.<br>References Hara, T. et al.: Naun. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol., 380, 247 (2009); Sun. Q. et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 78, 804 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An antineoplastic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mathe, G., et al.: Cancer Letters, 27, 285 (1985), Levegue, D., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 31, 184 (1996), Curran, M.P., et al.: Drugs Aging., 19, 695 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rifaximin EP Impurity F<br>Applications Rifamycin O (Rifaximin EP Impurity F) is a Rifaximin intermediate.<br>References Vohra, R., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 11, 851 (1989), Bacchi, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 2319 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Apixaban-d3 is labelled Apixaban (A726700) which is a potent, direct, selective, and orally active inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa. It is a potential new oral coagulant that may be useful prevention of venous thromboembolism in total hip, knee replacement orthopedic surgery and stroke in treatment of patient with venous thromboembolic disorder or with atrial fibrillation.<br>References Luettgen, J.M. et al.: J. Enz. Inhib. Med. Chem., 26, 514 (2011); Glanis, T. et al.: J. Thromb. Thrombol., 31, 310 (2011); barrett, Y.C. et al.: Thromb. Haemos., 105, 181 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefsulodin is a third generation cephalosporin (C258750) antibiotic designed specifically for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.<br>References Newall, C.E., et al.: Comprehen. Med. Chem., 2, 609 (1990); Zhao, W.H., et al.: J. Med. MIcrobiol., 57, 974 (2008); Goto, H., et al.: Jap. J. Antibio., 61, 209 (2008);<br></p>