Toxicologie

<p>Applications It is the 1-(acetyloxy) ethyl ester of Cefuroxime (C248060), an injectable second generation cephalosporin with an excellent antibacterial activity. This ester has a broader spectrum of activity than cephalexin (first-generation) and is widely used to treat respiratory tract infections. Antibacterial.<br>References Nguyen, N., et al.: Pharm. Res., 8, 893 (1991), Stoeckel, K., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 2602 (1998), Scott, L., et al.: Drugs, 61, 1455 (2001), Bulitta, J. B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53, 3462 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Cefixime (C242800). Orally active, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Drotaverine (D689700).<br>References Lalla, J.K., et al.: J. Pharma. Biomed. Anal., 11, 385 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Dopamine. Endogenous catecholamine with α and β-adrenergic activity. Cardiotonic; antihypotensive.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Carter, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 257 (1982), Dasta, J.F., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 6, 304 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Docosanol-d45 is the labelled form of 1-Docosanol (D678855). 1-Docosanol works as a surfactant in cosmetics. 1-Docosanol cream has also been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a safe and effective topical treatment for herpes labialis.<br>References Noweck, K., et al.: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (2006); McKeough, M., et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 137, 1153 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications Amoxycilloic Acid Sodium Salt is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994); Van G., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 139 (2003); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Impurity USP Ribavirin Related Compound A<br>Applications Ribavirin Carboxylic acid is an impurity of Ribavirin (R414475). Ribavirin impurity A.<br>References Lertora, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 50, 442 (1991), Connor, E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 532 (1993), Manns, M., et al.: Lancet, 358, 958 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Neratinib (N390090). An oral, irreversible dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor for breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Antitumor agent.<br>References Vogel, C., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 20, 719 (2002), Ji, H., et al.: Cancer Cell., 9, 485 (2006), Sequist, L., et al.: Oncologist, 12, 325 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications An oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. A guanine analogue that inhhibits all three steps in the viral replication process.<br>References Innaimo, S.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1444 (1997), Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium salt of Penicillin G, an antibacterial, antimicrobial medication. Used in the treatment of pneumococcus and streptococcus bacterial infections.<br>References Tanaka, M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 88 (2005); Song, J. et al.: Epidemio. Infect., 140, 1267 (2012); Gamella, M. et al.: Analyst, 138, 2013 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lufenuron is a benzoylurea pesticide which inhibits the production of chitin in larval fleas.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dryden, M.W.,et al.: Int. J. App. Res. Veterrin. Med., 10, 198 (2012); Malhat, F., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 1037 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A hydroxylated derivative of Voriconazole (V760000), a systemic antifungal and ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sanati, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 2492 (1997).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mometasone Furoate EP Impurity D<br>Applications A21-Chloro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonxyl)oxy]-9β,11β-oxido-16α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (Mometasone EP Impurity D) is a impurity of Mometasone Furoate.<br>References Shapiro, E.L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 30, 1581 (1987), Graft, D., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 98, 724 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications Olivetol-d9 is a precursor in various syntheses of labelled tetrahydrocannabinols.<br>References Kumano, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 8117 (2008), Appendino, G., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 71, 1427 (2008), Sampietro, D., et al.: Food Chem., 115, 1170 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An anti-neoplastic - inhibits ribonucleoside reductase and DNA replication. A potential therapy for sickle cell anemia which involves the nitrosylation of sickle cell hemoglobin. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes nitric oxide formation from hydroxyurea in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.<br>References Ratcliffe, W., et al.: Lancet, 339, 164 (1992), Roodman, G., et al.: Cancer, 80, 1557 (1997), Horwitz, M., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 88, 1603 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections like bacterial sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia.<br>References Zhang, H., et al.: Linchuang Junyi Zazhi, 43, 182 (2015); Fernandes, M. J., et al.: Chemosphere, 239, 124729 (2020); Yilancioglu, K., et al.: Sci. Rep., 9, 1 (2019)<br></p>

<p>Applications Histrelin is a gonadotropin releasing hormone analog used with the potential to improve height prospects.<br>References Brauner, R. et al.: Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 11, 386 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Metolachlor ESA Sodium Salt is a salt of Metolachlor ESA (M338860), a synthetic herbicide that belongs to the chloroacetanelide. It is commonly used in agriculture.<br>References Mai, H., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol. 147, 48 (2014); McCarty, G. W., et al.: Sci Total Environ 473-474, 473 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isosulfamethoxazole is an impurity of the antibacterial drug Sulfamethoxazole (S699086). It is a sulfonamide antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase.<br>References Rudy, B.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 467 (1973), Wormser, G.P., et al.: Drugs, 24, 459 (1982), Wharton, M., et al.: Ann. Intern. Med., 105, 37 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-(p-Chloro-α-phenylbenzyl)-1-piperazineethanol is used in the synthesis of antifungal triazole and imidazole derivatives. Impurity of an intermediate in the formation of Cetrizine.<br>References Rezaei, Z. et al.: Archiv. Pharm., 344, 658 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Polythiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Polythiazide is used in the treatment of hypertension as well as nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis of the liver, and nutritional edema.<br>References Kaur, J. et al.: J. Ind. Med. Assoc., 48, 13, (1967); Lund-Johansen, P.: Acta Med. Scand., 187, 509 (1970); O'Brien, E.T. et al.: Br. Heart J., 34, 1042 (1972);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cabotegravir O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Cabotegravir (C050100), a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.<br>References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Creatine-(methyl-d3) Monohydrate is an isotopic analog of Creatine Monohydrate (6020-87-7), which is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates. Its main role is to facilitate recycling of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell, primarily in muscle and brain tissue.<br>References Barcelos, R.P., et al.: Mini Rev Med Chem., 16, 12-8 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Propoxur-d3 (N-methyl-d3) (CAS# 1219798-56-7) is the labelled version of Propoxur (P830800(P)), which is a non-systematic carbamate insecticide. Propoxur is used against a wide range of insects such as fleas, mosquitoes, ants, gypsy moths, and other agricultural pests. Propoxur functions by reversibly inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in insects. It is also used in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698235).<br>References Voss, G.: Anzeig. Schaedling., 40, 73 (1967); Fraser, J. et al.: J. Sci. Food. Agric., 8 (1968); Corbel, V. et al.: Neurotoxicology, 27, 508 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces spp. Antiamebic; antibacterial; antirickettsial.<br>References Weiss, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 7, 374 (1957), Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dorzolamide Maleic Acid Adduct, is the isomeric adduct resulting from the nucleophilic addition of Dorzolamide (D535100) to Maleic Acid. Dorzolamide, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is an anti-glaucoma agent, and acts by decreasing the production of aqueous humour. It is used in the form of eye drops.<br>References Lippa, E.A., et al.: Ophthalmology, 98, 308 (1991), Wang, R.-F., et al.: Arch. Ophthalmol., 109, 1297 (1991), Whikehart, D., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 7, 195 (1991), Sjoquist, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 745 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications The main cis-monohydroxylated metabolite of Praziquantel (P702095).<br>References Buehring, K., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharm., 3, 179 (1978), Moldeus, P., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 52, 60 (1978), Cioli, D., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 68, 35 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications A potent inhibitor of taurine transport.<br>References Guidotti, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 2, 341 (1970),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Melatonin (M215000).<br>References Mailliet, F., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 71, 74 (2005), Leon, J., et al.: J. Neurochem., 98, 2023 (2006), Ma, X., et al.: Endocrinol., 149, 1869 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethaboxam is a pesticide used as a fungicide against fungal infections in crops.<br>References Kim, D. et al.: Pest Manage. Sci., 60, 1007 (2004); Park, M. et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotech., 13, 43 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A Nicotine (N412420) metabolite. Carcinogen.<br>References Le Marchand, L., et al.: Cancer Res., 58, 4858 (1998), Minna, J., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 111, 31 (2003), Bierut, L., et al.: Hum. Mol. Genet., 16, 24 (2007), Thorgeirsson, T., et al.: Nature, 452, 638 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid based insecticide. Tefluthrin is used in the control of a broad range of soil pests, including members of the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References McDonald, E. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pest Dis., 3, 1143 (1986); Jutsum, A.R. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone is an metabolite of Benzophenone (B204980), an compound used in the manufacturing of antihistamines, hypnotics and insecticides.<br>References Li, M.H., et al.: Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 94, 566 (2012); Leon, Z.. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 831 (2010); Bechard, K., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 90, 310 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Febantel (F227000) impurity. Anthelmintic.<br>References Wollweber, H., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 34, 531 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Moxifloaxacin EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 8-Fluoro-6-methoxy Moxifloxacin Dihydrochloride (Moxifloaxacin EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Moxifloxacin (M745000).<br>References Martel, A., et al.: Drugs Fut., 22, 109 (1997), Tobin, C., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 42, 278 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyroxasulfone is an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids. Pyroxasulfone is also used to control grass weed species in pre-emergence in major field crops.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Busi, R., et al.: Pest. Manag. Sci., 72, 1665 (2016)<br></p>