Toxicologie

Applications A hydroxylated derivative of Voriconazole (V760000), a systemic antifungal and ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Sanati, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 2492 (1997).

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications GW 501516 Sulfone is a urinary metabolite of GW1516 (G931500), a drug candidate potentially enhancing athletic performance. GW 501516 Sulfoxide may be used or doping control purposes.
References Thevis, M., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2479 (2010)

Applications Testosterone 17-Decanoate, is an ester of Testosterone (T155000). Testosterone 17-Decanoate, can be used as a potential long-acting male contraceptive, with the combination of subcutaneous etonogestrel implants .
References Brady, B. M., et al.: Human Reproduction, 21 (1), 285 (2006); Themmen, A., et al.: Endocr. Rev. 21, 551 (2000);

Applications 6-Hydroxy Etodolac is an Etodolac (E933100) metabolite.
References Humber, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 32, 2582 (1989), Koupai-Abyazani, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 23, 200 (1999),

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Dibutyl 4-Hydroxybutyl Phosphate is derived from 4-Tetrahydropyranyloxy-butan-1-ol (T295445), which is a useful building block. It is also a metabolite of Phosphoric Acid Tributyl Ester (P359445), which is used as a solvent in the solvent-detergent method for production of immunoglobulin for inactivation of viruses with lipid envelope on the model of duck hepatitis B virus. It is also used as a ligand in the extraction of lanthanide ions from solid and liquid materials by supercritical CO2.
References Zubkova, N., et al.: Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 155, 821 (2013); Lin, Y., et al.: Anal. Chem., 66, 1971(1994)

Applications An intermediate for the preparation of (3S,5S)-Atorvastatin.

Applications Velpatasvir is a NS5A inhibitor in patients with hepatitis C (HCV) infection.
References Gane, E. J., et al.: Gastroenterol., 151, 448 (2016); Feld, J. J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2599 (2015);

Applications Sodium Salt of Ampicillin, an orally active, semi-synthetic antibiotic; structurally related to penicillin. Antibacterial.
References Ivashkiv, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 2, 1 (1973), Campoli-Richards, D.M., et al.: Drugs, 33, 577 (1987), Sill, M. L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 1551 (2008),

Applications α-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-acetonitrile is an impurity of Pyrimethamine (P997240), a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; generally used in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Antiprotozoal (Toxoplasma); antimalarial.
References Loutfy, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 463 (1983); Leport, C., et al.: Am. J. Med., 84, 94 (1988); McIntosh, H.M., et al.: Ann. Trop. Med., Parasitol., 93, 265 (1998); Plowe, C.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 328, 545 (2004);

Applications Glutaurine Sodium Salt is the salt of Glutaurine (G597350) which has been observed to display antiepileptic effects with anti-amnesia properties. Mimics anxiolytic drug Diazepam (D416855).
References Bittner, S. et al.: Amino Acids., 28, 343 (2005); Uemura, S. et al.: Brain. res., 594, 347 (1992);

Applications Gypsogenic Acid, a triterpenoid saponin of the Caryophyllaceae family, is shown to be a promising antiplaque and anticaries agent.
References Boettger, S., et al.: Phytochemistry Lett., 4, 59 (2011); Cunha, L.C.S., et al.: Z. Naturforschung C.: J. Bioscience., 62, 668 (2007)

Applications Triethylamine Trihydrofluoride is used in the synthesis of modified siRNA’s in vivo used to inhibit hepatitis B replication (1). Used in RNA synthesis in the removal of t-butyldimethylsilyl protection (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Marimani M. et al.: Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Oct 15;21(20):6145-55. 2. Westman, E. et al.: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 25;22(12):2430-1

Applications A novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rilpivirine seems to be well tolerated with less CNS disturbance than Efavirenz, and has non-teratogenic potential. An anti-HIV agent.
References Sun, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4648 (1998), Kashiwada, et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 183 (2001),

Applications An epimer of Lincomycin (L466200); a 6-amino, 6-deoxy-octopyraninose with strong antibiotic activity. A less potent bactericidal than its (7R)-epimer.
References Le Goffic, F. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 16, 12 (1985); Prior, C. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 255, 1170 (1990);

Applications Amphotericin B Methyl Ester is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B Methyl Esterin is a cholesterol binding compound that showed inhibiton of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
References Waheed, A.A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006); Waheed, A. et al.: J. Virol., 82, 9776 (2008); Waheed, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006)

Applications Intermediate used in the synthesis of a variety of antibacterial and antifungal activities of symmetric and asymmetric azines.
References Veena, K., et al.: E-J.Chem, 8, 354 (2011),

Applications 24 Bisphenol S-13C12 is a material used in thermal printing. Used in the development of black leuco dyes.
References Shima, H. et al.: J. Imag. Sci. Technol., 54, 020502 (2010)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Altreuther, P., et al.: Vet. Med. Rev., 2, 87 (1987),

Applications Sulfachlorpyridazine is an antibacterial compound.
References Wammer, K.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25, 1480 (2006).

Applications Ombitasvir is a pharmaceutical drug that is used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. It inhibits an important viral phosphoprotein, NS5A, which is involved in viral replication, assembly, and secretion.
References Feld, J.J., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 370, 1594 (2014); Lawitz, E., et al.: J. Hepatol., 57, 24 (2012); Afdhal, N., et al.: New England J. Med., 370, 1889 (2014)

Applications Episterol is a compound influencing ergosterol biosynthesis, and thus acting as an antifungal agent.
References Mallory, J. et al.: Pharmacol., 3, 179 (2012); Mueller, C. et al.: Steroids, 78, 483 (2013);

Applications A metabolite of Malachite Green in seafood products. A triphenylmethane dye with fungicidal and limited antiseptic activity. The term Malachine green applies to the oxalate as well as the chloride. Harmful if swallowed. Avoid release to the environment. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing
References Carter, S.G., et al.: J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 7, 7 (1982), Saikan, S., et al.: J. Chem. Phys., 79, 4154 (1983), Clemmensen, S., et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 56, 43 (1984),

Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity
Applications (1S,4R)-cis-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol D-Tartrate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is an intermediate of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Impurity Ketoconazole EP Impurity D
Applications Deacetyl Ketoconazole (Ketoconazole EP Impurity D) is a Ketoconazole derivative.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications Alogliptin Benzoate is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Alogliptin Benzoate is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
References Wang, Y., et. al.: Drugs Future, 33, 7 (2008); Lynn, F., et al.: Diabetes, 50, 1004 (2001); Trumper, A., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 174, 233 (2002); Vollmer, K., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1379 (2009)

Applications Stearoyl Ethanolamide is a prolific fatty acid ethanolamide produced by PLD hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. Stearoyl Ethanolamide is also used for studying the effect on endocannabinoid signalling and BBB integrity in systemic inflammation.
References Kasatkina, L. A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol. 174, 113783 (2020)

Applications Primary alkaloid of various species of Cinchona (Rubiaceae). Optical isomer of Quinidine. Antimalarial; muscle relaxant (skeletal).
References Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 547 (1983), Kremsner, P.G., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 169, 467 (1994),

Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity F
Applications 12-O-Methyl Clarithromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity F) is a methylated impurity of the semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic Clarithromycin (C559750). 12-O-Methyl Clarithromycin was shown to inhibit uptake of Clarithromycin into the lung cells.
References Chen, X. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 17, 32 (2008); Yoshida, H. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 53, 615 (2000); Omura, S. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 112, 593 (1992);

Applications N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 4'-spirocyclic phosphono-nucleosides as potential inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Also used as a reagent in the microwave-assisted synthesis of purine nucleosides as selective cholinesterase inhibitors.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Dang, Q., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 55, 4407 (2014); Schwarz, S., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 12, 2446 (2014)

Applications Used as an antibacterial agent. LD50 >5000 mg/kg for oral administration to rats.
References Goldenthal, E.I.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971)

Applications 5-Chloro-2-furancarbonyl Fluticasone Furoate is a Fluticasone Furoate(F599510) raw material impurity which is a synthetic corticosteroid derived from fluticasone for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
References DeWester, J., et al.: Allergy Asthma Proc., 24, 331 (2003), Hughes, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 2337 (2008), Meltzer, E., et al.: Clin. Drug Investig., 29, 79 (2009),

Applications Erythromycin Lactobionate is an antibiotic used to reduce the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria as well as keeping constant the efficacy of other antibacterial drugs.
References Kiso, S. et al.: Anticanc. Res., 20, 2827 (2000); Broad, J. et al.: Brit. J. Pharm., 168,1859 (2013); Itoh, Z., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863(1984)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Tenofovir Monohydrate is an HIV-1 RT inhibitor and antiretroviral drug.
References Zhao, Z., et al.: Method for preparing medical salts and/or derivatives of tenofovir disoproxil, and their application for preventing and/or treating HBV and HIV/AIDS infections, CN 101574356 (2009);

Applications PSI-6130 is an experimental treatment for hepatitis C. PSI-6130 is a member of a class of antiviral drugs known as nucleoside polymerase inhibitors. PSI-6130 inhibits the hepatitis C virus RNA dependant RNA polymerase called NS5B.
References Clark, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 5504 (2005); Stuyver, L., et al.: Antiviral Chem. Chem., 17, 79 (2006)

Applications 2,2,4-Trimethyl-6(2H)-quinolinone 1-Oxide is a derivative of 2,6-Dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolone (D449900) which is a metabolite of Ethoxyquin (E892800), an oxidation product of the antidegradant.
References Kahl, R., et al.: Toxicology, 28, 229 (1983), Burka, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 597 (1996), Bammler, T., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 54, 30 (2000), Hayes, J., et al.: Cancer, 174, 103 (2001),

Applications Atazanavir is a novel azapeptide HIV protease inhibitor (PI). Antiviral.
References Palella, F.J. Jr., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 338(13), 853 (1998), Nolan, D., et al.: Drugs, 63(23), 2555 (2003), Musial, B.L., et al.: Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., 61, 1365 (2004), Wood, R., et al.: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 36, 684 (2004),

Applications Epitizide is a diuretic agent.
References Pilsbury, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 713 (1966), Tisdall, P., et al.: Clin. Chem., 26, 702 (1980),

Stability Too Hygroscopic
Applications Erdosteine Thioacid Diammonium Salt is the active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050), a mucolytic. Erdosteine was developed for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.
References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996); Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999); Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999); Kuvandik, G., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 36, 714 (2008); Koyu, A., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 331, 43 (2009); Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010)

Applications Mebutizide is a thiazide diuretic.
References Madrid A.J. et al.: Rev. Clin. Esp., 114, 143 (1969);

Applications 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (cas# 7693-77-8) is a useful research chemical.

Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive
Applications Rifabutin N-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifabutin (R505000) and like its parent compound it exhibits antibacterial activity.
References Medeiros, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., 44, (2004); Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),