Toxicologie

Applications Pyrimitate is an organophosphorus pesticide.
References Askew, J., et al.: Analyst, 94, 1117 (1969), Gao, L., et al.: Zhongguo Weisheng Jianyan Zazhi, 23, 535 (2013), Zvinavashe, E., et al.: Chemosphere, 75, 1531 (2009),

Applications Aldicarb Sulfone is an analog of Aldicarb (A514650) detected in agricultural products as pesticide residue.
References Ashby, J., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 7, 919 (1985), Ashby, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 257, 229 (1991), Kazius, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 312 (2005), Benigni, R., et al.: Mutagenesis, 25, 335 (2010),

Applications (S)-Enantiomer of Bicalutamide. Used as an antiandrogen, antineoplastic (hormonal).
References Tucker, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 31, 954 (1988), Cockshott, I.D., et al.: Eur. Urol., 18, Suppl. 3, 10 (1990), Cockshott, I., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 36, 339 (1993), McKillop, D., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 623 (1995),

Applications Isotope labelled 2-Toluidine (T536205) is a carcinogenic and toxic aromatic amine and is a potential bladder cancer risk, surmised from urine assessment and analysis (1). It is contained in hair dye, henna and dyed hair samples (2,3). Possible mutagen (4). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. El-Bayoumy, K. et al.: Cancer Res. 1986 Dec;46(12 Pt 1):6064-7.2. Turesky R. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2003 Sep;16(9):1162-73.3. Andrew, A. et al.: Int. J. Cancer. 2004 Apr 20;109(4):581-6.4. Kirkland, D. et al.: Mutat. Res. 2005 Dec 30;588(2):88-105.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Spermidine is a biogenic polyamine formed from putrescine. Spermidine is a precursor of Spermine. Spermidine is essential for both normal and neoplastic tissue growth.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Abraham, A.K., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 106, 257 (1980), Mach, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 202, 153 (1982), Thyss, A., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 18, 611 (1982),

Applications Loxoprofen-d3, is the labeled analogue of Loxoprofen (L472905), which is non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been effective in reducing atherosclerosis in mice by reducing inflammation.
References Masahide H. et al.: J Clin Biochem Nutr., 47, 138 (2010); Noguchi, M. et al.: Biolog. Pharmac. Bull., 28, 2075 (2005); Hyun, J. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 24, 541 (2001);

Applications Acetoacetyl-CoA is a derivative of CoA (C636400). In the mevalonate pathway, Acetoacetyl-CoA is a precursor of HMG-CoA (H456365), and a precursor of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
References Okamura, E., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107, 11265 (2010)

Applications Potassium Biphthalate is used as buffer solution.
References Mussini, P., et al.: Pure Appl. Chem., 69, 1007 (1997);

Applications 2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene, is a building block used for the synthesis of more complex compounds. 2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-DIPM) is also used in the manufacturing of pesticide products intended to prevent sprouting of stored potatoes.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Beaver, R. G., et al.: American Journal of Potato Research, 80, 311 (2013);

Applications Dialifos is an organophosphorus pesticide. It is extremely poisonous.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications 3-Oxo-4,6-choladien-24-oic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of various bile acids.
References Iqbal, M.N., et al.: Steroids., 53, 413 (1989);

Applications Ametryn is a methylthiotriazine based herbicide which inhibits photosynthesis and other enzymatic processes. Ametryn is used to control broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in pineapple, sugarcane and bananas.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kasozi, G.N. et al.: Environ. Pollut., 169, 12 (2012); Megersa, N., et al.: 29, 789 (2012)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of Daidzein.
References Cassidy, A., et al.: J. Clin. Nutr., 60, 333(1994), Pereira, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 15, 1049 (1994), Shah, V., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 1551 (2000),

Applications Clonidine is an α2-Adrenergic agonist. Antihypertensive; analgesic for neuropathic pain.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Roach, A.G., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 227, 421 (1983); Glassman, A.H., et al.: Science, 226, 864 (1984); Abounassif, A.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 21, 109 (1992);

Applications Derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Antimalarial, used to treat strains of malaria which are multi-drug resistant.
References Hombhanje, F., et al.: Pharma., 3, 3581 (2010), Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011),

Applications Isotope Labelled analogue of Erythritol, a sugar alcohol used as a food additive.
References Leisso, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 61, 1373 (2013); Hillmann, H., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 9974 (2012);

Applications A nonsedating type histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Antihistaminic.
References Vincent, J., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 26, 497 (1988)

Applications A M1 muscarinic agonist designed as an innovative therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.
References Wanibuchi, F., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 187, 476 (1990), Court, J.A., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 52, 423 (1991), Ladner, C.J., et al.: J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 57, 719 (1998),

Applications A metabolite of Aflatoxin B1; a hepatocarcinogen in many animal models and probably a human carcinogen. It is produced by the predominant forms of cytochrome P 450 enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of AFB1. It shows potential predictive value as a marker for exposure and risk of dietary aflatoxins.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mykkaenen, H., et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 115, 879 (2005); Van Vleet, T.R. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 65, 853 (2002);

Impurity Estriol EP Impurity H
Applications 16α-Hydroxy Estrone (Estriol EP Impurity H) is a major metabolite of Estradiol.
References Fishman, H.G, et al.: Biochemistry, 8, 4304 (1969), Ryan, Sugar, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 50, 137 (1980), Numazawa, M., et al.: Steroids, 38, 149 (1981), Travis, R., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 5, 239 (2003),

Applications Biotin Sulfone, is derivative of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.
References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of the sedative drug Detomidine.
References Salonen, J.S., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 17, 13 (1992),

Applications An oleic acid synthetic analog that is an effective non-toxic anticancer drug with a wide spectrum against different types of cancer. An antihypertensive.
References Llado, V. et al.: J. Cell. Molec. Med., 14, 659 (2010); Alemany, R. et al.: J. Lip. Res., 47, 1762 (2006); Martinez, J. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 315, 466 (2005);

Impurity Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity G
Applications Betamethasone Tripropionate (Betamethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity G) is a Betamethasone (B327000) related compound.
References Grootveld, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 271 (1988), Chen, B., et al.: Steriods, 74, 30 (2009), Mikami, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 261 (2002),

Applications A metabolite of Baclofen (c).
References Ault, B., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 71, 357 (1981),

Applications 19-Norandrosterone is the oxidized byproduct of Nandrolone (N315000), an anabolic steroid that is present naturally in the human body.
References Jiang, J.Q., et al.: J. Food. Sci., 77, 63 (2012); Delgadillo, M.A., et al.: J. Chromatograph. Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life. Sci., 897 (2012);

Applications A metabolic intermediate in nucleic acid metabolism.
References Yoon, K., et al.: Nat. Prod. Sci., 14, 254 (2008), Ramazzina, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 283, 23295 (2008), Kim, K., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 387, 1067 (2009),

Applications Oxyphenisatin Diacetate is the pro-drug of Oxyphenisatin (O876965). Results confirm that Oxyphenisatin Diacetate inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell lines MCF7, T47D, HS578T, and MDA-MB-468.
References Morrison, B.L., et al.: Cancer Med., 2, 687-700 (2013);

Applications A metabolite of Tramadol.
References Lintz, V.W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res., 31, II, 11, 1932 (1981)

Applications Testololactone, is the derivative of Testolactone (T154800), which is an antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and is used to treat advanced stage breast cancer.
References Dunkel, L.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 254, 207 (2006); Eugster, E. A.: Treat. Endocrinol., 3, 141 (2004); Holbeck, S.L. et al.: Mol. Cancer Therap., 9, 1451 (2010);

Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity S
Applications Beclomethasone 11,17,21-Tripropionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity S) is an impurity of Beclomethasone (B131000), a glucocorticoid. Used in chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Antiallergic, antiasthmatic (inhalant). Anti-inflammatory (topical).
References Malfitan, V.A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 4, 472 (1982), Rao, M., et al.: J. Asthma, 19, 21 (1982), Small, P., et al.: Ann. Allergy, 49, 127 (1982), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 28, 99 (1984),

Applications Caffeidine Acid is a potential degradation product from the hydrolysis of Caffeine (C080100) under alkaline environment.
References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);

Applications Cholesteryl Acetate Dibromide is an brominated intermediate in the synthesis of Cholesterol (C432501) derivatives.
References Kandutsch, A.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 249, 6057 (1974);

Applications An antiarrhythmic agent isolated from Rauwolfia serpentina.
References Galarreta, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 6689 (2008), Sun, L., et al.: Plant Mol. Biol., 67, 455 (2008), Ruiz-May, E., et al.: Mol. Biotechnol., 41, 278 (2009),

Impurity Clonidine EP Impurity A
Applications 1-Acetyl-2-imidazolidinone (Clonidine EP Impurity A) is a synthetic reagent used in the preparation of triple [14C]-labelled moxonidine which is an antihypertensive compound.
References Czeskis, B., et al.: J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharm., 47, 699 (2004)

Applications The main phase I metabolites of Azelastine.
References Adusumalli, V., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos, 20, 530 (1992), Mano, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 557 (1994), Baldwin, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 25, 261 (1995), Kobayashi, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 280, 927 (1997),

Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity B
Applications (6α,11β,16α,17α)-6,9-Difluoro-11-hydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17-carboxylic Acid, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.
References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),

Applications (2R,3S)-N-Benzoyl-3-phenyl Isoserine Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the preparation of potent anticancer drug Paclitaxel (P132500) used to study the location of the binding sites.
References Paal, K. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 1323 (2007); Krawczyk, E. et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 57, 791 (2005);

Applications Antihistaminic.
References Roth, F.E., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 124, 347 (1958), Smith, R.B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 28, 240 (1974), Eckhart, C.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 43 (1978)