Toxicologie

Applications Glutaurine Sodium Salt is the salt of Glutaurine (G597350) which has been observed to display antiepileptic effects with anti-amnesia properties. Mimics anxiolytic drug Diazepam (D416855).
References Bittner, S. et al.: Amino Acids., 28, 343 (2005); Uemura, S. et al.: Brain. res., 594, 347 (1992);

Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E
Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications: 3-Mesityl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.4]non-3-en-4-ol, is the metabolite of Spiromesifen, which is a Spirocyclic Tetronic Acid, environmentally friendly and novel structural pesticide.
Dangerous Goods Info: Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Jin-Hao, Zh., et al.: Pest Management Science, 68, 10 (2012);

Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol.
References Connor, W., et al.: J, Clin. Invest., 48, 1363 (1969), Nestel, P., et al.: Metabolism, 24, 189 (1975), Ellegard, L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, 451 (1991), Pedersen, A., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 41, 1901 (2000),

Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications Labelled Myosmine (M835000). Myosmine is an alkaloid found in tobacco. Myosmine has been suspected to be a tobacco-independent carcinogenic source.

Applications Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Antiglaucoma agent.
References Lippa, E.A., et al.: Ophthalmology, 98, 308 (1991); Wang, R.-F., et al.: Arch. Ophthalmol., 109, 1297 (1991); Whikehart, D., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 7, 195 (1991); Sjoquist, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 745 (1998);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Used as an antihypertensive.This compound is very unstable in solution and will hydrolyze readily to give benazapril.

Applications 4,4-Dibromo-2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one is used in the preparation of antimoebic compounds such as thiosemicarbazide derivatives. Also used in the preparation of triazine molecules displaying antifungal activity.
References Singh, S. et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 25, 255 (2005); Tewari, A. et al.: Indian. J. Chem. B., 41B, 664 (2002);

Applications Larotaxel (RPR 109881A) is a taxane analog with a broad spectrum of activity and different toxicity profile and with the possible advantages of surpassing some mechanisms of resistance and penetrating into the CNS.
References Kurata, T., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 18, 3164 (2000), Kemper, E., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer, 40, 1269 (2004), Nyman, D., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 23, 7785 (2005),

Impurity Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity H
Applications Beclomethasone 17-Propionate (Beclomethasone Dipropionate EP Impurity H) is an active metabolite of Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP).
References Soria, I., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 19, 297 (1998), Harrison, L., et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 51, 1235 (1999), Daley-Yates, P., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 51, 400 (2001).

Applications α-Propyl-α-(1-demethylethyl)-Verapamil is an impurity of Verapamil (V125000, HCl salt) which is a calcium channel blocker.
References Atlas, D, and Adler, M.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 1237 (1981), Janis, R., et al.: Adv. Drug. Res., 16, 309 (1987)

Applications L-Lysine Clonixinate is a non-morphinic andalgesic.
References Krymchantowski, A., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 64, 505 (2003), Di Girolamo, G., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 141, 1234 (2004),

Applications Topramezone is a herbicide that belongs to the class of pyrazolones or benzoylpyrazoles. It can be used to control broad leaved weeds and grass weeds in maize crop protection.
References Gitsopoulos, K.T., et al.: Crop Protection, 29, 1091-1093 (2010); Zhang, J., et al.: Crop Protection, 52, 26-32 (2013)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of Equilin (E592800).
References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),

Applications Direct Blue 218 is an azo dye used in diagnostic imaging. Used in the prediction of rat carcinogenisis. Also used in textile dyes contributing to textile effluents and wastewaters.Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.
References Baughman, G. et al.: Textile. Chemist. Color. Am. Dye. Rep., 32, 51 (2000);