Antibiotiques

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Inhibitor of cell-wall synthesis; cephalosporin class

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside

Tilmicosin phosphate is a phosphate salt form of tilmicosin with similar action and applications as tilmicosin.

Oleandomycin phosphate is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating respiratory tract infections and as a veterinary antibiotic.

Pristinamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating staphylococcal and streptococcal infections, including MRSA.

Herbicidin B is a natural herbicidal compound, which is a secondary metabolite produced through the fermentation of certain Streptomyces species. This compound functions as a potent inhibitor of plant growth by interfering with essential physiological processes within the plant cells. The mode of action of Herbicidin B primarily involves disruption of metabolic pathways that are critical for the development and survival of plants, leading to effective control of undesired vegetation.

Vancomycin is a tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic that has bactericidal effects against staphylococci, streptococci, and other gram-positive bacteria. It is often used as an alternative treatment for severe staphylococcal and streptococcal infections, including endocarditis, and infections with MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), penicillin-resistant pneumococci or in cases of allergy to penicillins and cephalosporins.

Ornidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with action on DNA synthesis disruption in anaerobic bacteria and protozoa and is used for treating infections like amoebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis.

Sulfasalazine is a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) with action on reducing inflammation and immune system activity and is used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Roxithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating respiratory, skin, and soft tissue infections.

Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating severe bacterial infections resistant to other aminoglycosides.

Paromomycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating intestinal infections and leishmaniasis.

Rifamycin O is a rifamycin antibiotic with action on bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription and is used for treating tuberculosis and travelers' diarrhea.

Cefpodoxime proxetil is a prodrug of cefpodoxime with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and gonorrhea.

Cephalosporin antibiotic; interferes with cell wall biosynthesis

Inhibitor of DNA synthesis; fluoroquinolone class

Binds to 70S ribosomal subunit; inhibits translocation and induces miscoding

A fluoroquinolone antibiotic which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by targeting the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. This second-generation fluoroquinolone has a broad spectrum of action and is more effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

Cephradine is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections like urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and skin infections.

Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic, which is a synthetic fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Its source lies in its chemical synthesis, designed to inhibit bacterial enzymes necessary for DNA replication. The mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are critical enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This dual inhibitory mechanism disrupts bacterial cell division and growth, leading to the eventual eradication of susceptible bacterial strains.

Amicoumacin B is a potent antibiotic, which is isolated from the bacterial species Bacillus pumilus. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis, targeting the ribosomal 30S subunit and disrupting translational fidelity in bacterial cells. This interference in protein production leads to the effective elimination of various Gram-positive and certain Gram-negative bacteria.

Nitrofurantoin is an antimicrobial agent, which is a synthetic chemical compound with bactericidal activity. Its source is synthetic, originating from the nitrofuran class of compounds. Nitrofurantoin's mode of action involves the inhibition of essential bacterial enzymes. It is reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to active intermediates, which subsequently alter or disrupt ribosomal proteins, DNA, and other vital macromolecules within bacterial cells, thereby inhibiting key metabolic processes.

Ethambutol is an antimicrobial compound, specifically an antitubercular agent, which is a synthetic derivative of ethylenediamine. It is classified as a bacteriostatic agent that primarily targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mode of action of Ethambutol involves the inhibition of arabinosyl transferases, enzymes essential for the polymerization of arabinogalactan, a critical component of the mycobacterial cell wall. By disrupting cell wall biosynthesis, Ethambutol effectively hampers the growth and proliferation of the bacteria.

Netilmicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating severe bacterial infections.

Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall biogenesis; cephalosporin

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; glycylcycline class

Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating bacterial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.

Anhydrooxytetracycline hydrochloride is a useful research chemical. Buy Anhydrooxytetracycline hydrochloride from Cymit Quimica for a variety of research applications.

Ketolide; binds bacterial ribosomes and inhibits translation

Tylosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating bacterial infections in livestock and poultry.

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with action on anaerobic bacteria and protozoa by disrupting DNA synthesis and is used for treating infections like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and certain parasitic infections.

Phleomycin HCl is an antibiotic compound derived from *Streptomyces verticillus*, which is known for its robust DNA-cleaving activity. As an antibiotic, it functions primarily by inducing breaks in DNA strands, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription processes. This mechanism of action is particularly effective in targeting rapidly dividing cells, making Phleomycin a valuable tool in molecular biology.

Repromicin is a novel antibiotic, which is derived from a unique strain of actinobacteria. This organism is known for its ability to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds. Repromicin operates by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, a mode of action that involves binding to the bacterial ribosome and interfering with the translation process. This leads to an effective halt in bacterial growth and proliferation.

Rifaximin is a rifamycin antibiotic with action on bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription and is used for treating travelers' diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy.

Teicoplanin is related to vancomycin and has similar effects against gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, and usually requires less frequent administration than vancomycin, but it is less efficient against S. haemolyticus. Due its size and polarity, teicoplanin can’t pass through the membrane of gram-negative bacteria thus it is not active against them. It is used to treat severe infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, bone and joint infections.

Herbicidin K is a naturally derived herbicide, known for its biological origin from microbial fermentation processes. It is primarily sourced from certain strains of Streptomyces, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria notable for their diverse secondary metabolites. The mode of action of Herbicidin K involves the inhibition of key enzymatic pathways within target plants, leading to the disruption of cellular functions and ultimately plant death. This selectivity is particularly effective against broadleaf weeds, providing a targeted approach to weed management.

Ceftibuten dihydrate is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating respiratory tract infections, otitis media, and urinary tract infections.

Valinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic with action on potassium ion transport across cell membranes and is used for research on ion transport and as an antimicrobial agent.

Amicoumacin A is an antibiotic compound, which is derived from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. This natural source is known for its production of a variety of biologically active compounds that contribute to its utility in numerous scientific contexts. The mode of action of Amicoumacin A involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the ribosomal subunit. Specifically, it interferes with the translation process, effectively disrupting the growth and proliferation of susceptible bacterial strains.

Amicoumacin A is primarily utilized in research settings to study bacterial resistance mechanisms, as well as to explore novel antibacterial therapies. Its application in scientific research extends to examining its potential synergistic effects with other antimicrobial agents, and it serves as a model compound for understanding ribosomal inhibition. The study of Amicoumacin A not only contributes to the broader field of antibiotic development but also offers insights into the molecular interactions that underlie bacterial protein synthesis and antibiotic resistance. This compound's unique properties make it an important subject of investigation for microbiologists and pharmacologists alike, emphasizing its relevance in the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Tomopenem is a carbapenem antibiotic, which is a product of synthetic origin with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls through binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thereby disrupting the structural integrity of the cell wall and leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

Enduracidin hydrochloride is an antimicrobial compound, which is a lipopeptide antibiotic derived from the genus Streptomyces, specifically Streptomyces fungicidicus or Streptomyces roseosporus. The compound exerts its antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, primarily targeting the lipid II cycle, a critical precursor in the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway. This inhibition disrupts the construction of peptidoglycan layers, ultimately leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

Netropsin dihydrochloride is a pyrrole-amidine antibiotic with action on AT-rich sequences of DNA to inhibit replication and is used for research on DNA-binding properties and antiviral activity.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; glycylcycline class

Potassium clavulanate is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and an antibacterial agent. The presence of potassium clavulanate in culture media inhibits the activity of beta-lactamases, which are enzymes that confer resistance to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. It also has been shown to be active against bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, sepsis, and pneumonia, where it can inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with their ability to form cell walls. Potassium clavulanate is also used as an antimicrobial agent for blood culture technique and antimicrobial treatment.

Milbemycin oxime is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent with action on glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasites and is used for preventing heartworm and treating intestinal worms in animals.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic of cephalosporin class, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the penicillin-binding protein, involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. This third-generation cephalosporin is very active against Pseudomonas species and can also be used to treat bacterial meningitis as it penetrates in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis, particularly targeting multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating complicated urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Neospiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections in research applications.

Lomefloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It is used for treating bacterial infections like bronchitis and urinary tract infections.

Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall biogenesis; penicillin class

Pefloxacin is a mesylate prodrug that is converted to pefloxacin in the body. The optimum concentration for pefloxacin is 2 µg/mL, and it has been shown to be active against gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Pefloxacin has also been shown to inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells (HL-60) and drug interactions have been documented with this drug. Pefloxacin is not active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex.

Antibacterial used in treatment of UTI and respiratory tract infections

Anthracycline is a class of chemotherapy drugs, which are anthraquinone antibiotics derived from the bacterial genus Streptomyces. They exert their therapeutic effects primarily through intercalation into DNA, disrupting the function of enzymes such as topoisomerase II, thus preventing the transcription and replication processes in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Furthermore, they generate free radicals, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage. These mechanisms collectively result in apoptosis of malignant cells. Anthracyclines are utilized extensively in oncology for the treatment of various malignancies, including leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer, and sarcomas. The efficacy of anthracyclines in inhibiting tumor growth must be balanced against their cardiotoxic potential, which is a significant consideration in their clinical use. This dual nature makes them both pivotal and challenging in chemotherapy regimens, necessitating careful management and monitoring throughout treatment.

Penicillin G potassium is a natural penicillin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating severe bacterial infections like meningitis, syphilis, and endocarditis.

β-lactam antibiotic of penicillin subclass, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the proteoglycan synthesis. Cloxacillin has a narrow spectrum of action and is effective against Gram-positive organisms. Cloxacillin is resistant to the action of β-lactamase and therefore preferentially used for treatment of Staphylococcal infections.

Piperacillin sodium, pharma grade is a pharmaceutical-grade beta-lactam antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for research and pharmaceutical applications.

Inhibitor of cell-wall synthesis; carbapenem class

Nitrocycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative of tetracycline with enhanced antibacterial properties. As a chemically synthesized compound, nitrocycline has been engineered to overcome resistance mechanisms common in bacterial pathogens. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of protein synthesis, achieved by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, effectively preventing the addition of new amino acids to nascent peptide chains. This binding action interrupts bacterial growth and replication, providing robust activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Tobramycin used to treat severe infections with gram-negative bacteria and it is often applied in combination with beta-lactams. It has similar antimicrobial effects to gentamicin and is effective against all Enterobacteriacae, but more effective than gentamicin against P. aeruginosa, which is why it is often used for gentamicin-resistant strains, especially in the case of cystic fibrosis.

A thiopeptide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces actuosus. In addition, nosiheptide inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis by acting during the elongation of the protein.

Aureothricin is a dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic and is used for its antimicrobial properties. It inhibits transcription in bacteria, leading to growth inhibition

Bedaquiline fumarate is the salt form of bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline molecule with an ATP synthetase inhibitory activity. Bedaquiline fumarate is an FDA-approved drug for the oral treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Bedaquiline fumarate acts by inhibiting the activity of the ATP synthetase in the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, even in the case of multiple antibiotic resistant strains.