Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)ethan-1-ol is a racemic mixture of two compounds with the same molecular formula. The two enantiomers have different chemical properties and can be separated by specific techniques such as chromatography. 2-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)ethan-1-ol is an ether that is made from methylmalonic acid and ethylene oxide. It is hydrolysed to release methylmalonyl chloride or demethylated to produce methyl ether acetate. This compound has been used in the synthesis of various esters and sesquiterpenoids.

JMS-17-2 is a small molecule that was shown to have a potent and selective inhibitory effect on the production of chemokines in cancer cells. It blocks the interaction between CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4. This interaction is important for normal bone tissue development and function, as well as for chemotaxis and metastasis of cancer cells. JMS-17-2 has been shown to prevent tumor growth in animal models by inhibiting angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients to tumors. The drug also inhibits tumor growth by decreasing the number of primary tumors, reducing bone lesions, and inhibiting the progression of pancreatic cancer. Clinical trials are currently being conducted to assess the efficacy of JMS-17-2 in humans with advanced solid tumors.

5-Methylquinoline is a quinoline derivative that is used in the synthesis of other quinoline derivatives. It can be synthesized from cinnamaldehyde, which can be obtained from cinnamic acid or benzaldehyde. 5-Methylquinoline has been shown to have antioxidant properties and inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro. The compound also inhibits the growth of caco-2 cells. One isomer of 5-methylquinoline, ethenyl, has been shown to cause a shift in the spectrum of light absorbed by caco-2 cells.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Piperazine-2-carboxamide is a synthetic drug that is used to treat tuberculosis. It binds to the mycolic acid of the bacterial cell wall, preventing it from forming an outer layer and disrupting its function. Piperazine-2-carboxamide also inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids and amines in bacteria, which are necessary for their survival. This drug can be synthesized by reacting piperazine with formaldehyde and acetamide.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one is a hydrobromide that has been found in the environment as an environmental pollutant. Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one is used to synthesize amides and has been studied by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. The molecule is centrosymmetric, with a molecular weight of 244.06 g/mol. Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one can be used as a ligand for metals such as chlorine and magnesium. It does not dissolve in water but does dissolve in organic solvents such as ethers, chloroform, or benzene.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentenoic acid is a decarboxylating agent that converts the carboxylic acid group to an aldehyde. It is commonly used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, especially for the conversion of esters and nitriles to alcohols and amines respectively. The synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-4-pentenoic acid is achieved by reacting piperidine with propylene oxide. This reaction proceeds via a six-membered ring intermediate that decomposes to form the final product. The reaction can be catalyzed with peroxide or hydrogen peroxide, which leads to a high yield. 2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentenoic acid has been shown to be effective against hyperproteinemia and lipogenous disorders such as steatosis and cholestasis.

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.