Aldéhydes

4-Nitrocinnamaldehyde is a diazonium salt that is used as an efficient method for the synthesis of nitro compounds. Nitro compounds are used in the production of explosives, insecticides, and herbicides. 4-Nitrocinnamaldehyde reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce trifluoroacetic acid, which is then reacted with an organic compound to produce a nitro compound. This reaction has been shown to be irreversible and not sensitive to functional groups. 4-Nitrocinnamaldehyde binds to the enzyme cytochrome P450 reductase, inhibiting its function. The binding of 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde to enzymes such as pyruvate kinase and acetylcholinesterase has also been observed in binding experiments.

Atranol is a phenolic compound that is found in plants such as the leaves of the white willow tree. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and is being researched for its potential use in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Atranol has been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which are key mediators of inflammation, by inhibiting NFκB activation. The reaction mechanism for atranol's inhibition of IL-1β production involves atranol binding with the cystein residue on IκB kinase β, which prevents phosphorylation and thus activation.

3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanal is a condensation product of formaldehyde and glycol. It is the simplest of the three aldehydes that are produced by this reaction. The catalyst for this reaction is usually dibutyltin oxide, which can be replaced with calcium chloride or sodium carbonate. 3-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropanal reacts with neopentyl glycol to form a dimer and glycol ester. This reaction mechanism has been studied extensively using solution kinetics.

2-Naphthaldehyde oxime is a reactive aldoxime that can be used as an oxidant in organic chemistry. It is able to increase the rate of hydrolysis by acid catalysts, and has been shown to cause biomolecular damage due to its ability to react with functional groups such as amines and alcohols. 2-Naphthaldehyde oxime reacts with silicon, styrene, and polystyrene. The reaction produces carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and water. This product also has the capability of solvating organic compounds through the use of water molecules. Hypervalent oxidation reactions may occur with 2-naphthaldehyde oxime due to its ability to form multiple bonds with oxygen atoms.

3-Methoxybenzaldehyde is a chemical compound that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of organic compounds. This compound has shown to be a potent inhibitor of several enzymes, including diamine tetraacetic acid (DAT)-dependent aminotransferase, trimethyl amine N-oxide reductase, and hydrochloric acid hydrolases. 3-Methoxybenzaldehyde also inhibits the growth of hepg2 cells and induces apoptosis. The chemical structure of this compound contains a boron nitride group that can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules and fatty acids that can act as a substrate for oxidation reactions.

2-Heptenal is a fatty acid that is found in small quantities in the human body. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of lipases and esterases, which are enzymes that break down fats. 2-Heptenal can be used as an analog for fatty acids and as a sample preparation agent when preparing fatty acids for analysis. 2-Heptenal has been shown to exhibit degenerative disease properties, such as Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have used 2-heptenal as a model system to study the aggregation process of amyloid proteins, which may lead to the development of drugs for treatment of these diseases.