Antimicrobiens

Oxibendazole-amine hydrochloride is a synthetic anthelmintic compound, which is a derivative of benzimidazole, known for its broad-spectrum efficacy against various helminths. It primarily acts by disrupting the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules, effectively impairing essential cellular structures and functions within parasitic worms, leading to their death.

Erythromycin C is a macrolide antibiotic, which is a type of product derived from the bacterium *Saccharopolyspora erythraea*. It functions by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis through blocking translocation of peptidyl-tRNA. This mode of action effectively prevents bacterial growth and replication, making it a potent bacteriostatic agent.

Nikkomycin Z is an antifungal agent, which is a secondary metabolite isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces tendae. This compound functions as a competitive inhibitor of chitin synthase, an essential enzyme responsible for the synthesis of chitin, a vital component of the fungal cell wall. By inhibiting this enzyme, Nikkomycin Z disrupts the structural integrity of the fungal cell wall, leading to impaired growth and cell lysis in susceptible fungi.

Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a synthetically derived prodrug of ceftobiprole. Upon administration, ceftobiprole medocaril is rapidly converted into its active form, ceftobiprole, by the body's endogenous esterases. The mode of action involves binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, leading to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and ultimately the death of the bacteria. This action is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Spiramycin I is a macrolide antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for treating toxoplasmosis and bacterial infections.

Leptomycin B is a bacterial secondary metabolite, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces sp. This compound is a potent nuclear export inhibitor with a mechanism of action that targets and inhibits the export receptor CRM1 (Chromosomal Maintenance 1), also known as Exportin 1. By binding irreversibly to CRM1, Leptomycin B prevents the nuclear export of proteins and RNA, disrupting the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport essential for cell function.

Doxorubicin Impurity 2 is a chemical impurity of doxorubicin with no direct therapeutic action but used in research and quality control.

Sterigmatocystin is a mycotoxin, which is a secondary metabolite primarily produced by certain species of the fungi Aspergillus and Bipolaris. This compound exhibits its mode of action by interfering with DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, ultimately disrupting cellular processes. As a precursor to the well-known aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin shares a similar structure and exhibits carcinogenic properties.

Natamycin is a polyene macrolide antifungal agent with action on fungal cell membranes by binding to sterols and is used for treating fungal infections and as a food preservative.

Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces antibioticus*. This antibiotic functions by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. The interruption of this essential process ultimately leads to the cessation of bacterial growth and replication.