Terpénoïdes

<p>Beta-Hederin is a saponin, which is a type of soap-like compound, derived from the leaves of the ivy plant, Hedera helix. Saponins are glycosides characterized by their ability to form stable, soap-like foams in aqueous solutions. This particular compound is notable for its amphiphilic nature, allowing it to interact with biological membranes.</p>

<p>Euglobal IA1 is a topical anesthetic cream designed to provide localized numbness. It is developed using synthesized active compounds that interact with nerve endings. The mode of action involves the reversible blockage of sodium ion channels in neuronal membranes, which inhibits nerve impulse transmission and results in temporary loss of sensation in the applied area.</p>

<p>Primary component found in carrot seed oil</p>

<p>Isolated from leaves of some peppers; potent and selective activator of TRPA1</p>

<p>8(17)14-Labdadien-13-ol is a labdane diterpenoid, a specific type of terpenoid compound. It is derived from the Sitka spruce, scientifically known as Picea sitchensis. This compound is notable for its antifungal properties, making it a focal point in studies examining natural plant defense mechanisms. The mode of action involves the inhibition of fungal growth by disrupting fungal cell membranes or interfering with essential fungal enzyme systems, although the precise mechanisms may vary with different fungal targets.</p>

<p>Peppery aroma constituent of essential oil of Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass)</p>

<p>Kansuiphorin C is a diterpenoid ester that is a naturally occurring compound isolated from the root tubers of Euphorbia kansui. This compound belongs to a class of chemical compounds known for their potential therapeutic properties. Kansuiphorin C functions primarily through a mechanism that involves the induction of cytotoxicity in cancerous cells, provoking cell death through pathways that promote apoptosis.</p>

<p>Isoalloalantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of naturally occurring organic compound. It is derived from the roots of Inula helenium, commonly known as elecampane. This plant source is known for its historical use in traditional medicine, often utilized for its purported health benefits.</p>

<p>Aristolone is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of naturally occurring organic compound. It is derived from various plant sources, predominantly from the Aristolochiaceae family. The compound exhibits its mode of action primarily through the interaction with cellular signaling pathways, influencing biological processes such as inflammation and apoptosis.</p>

<p>Cycloartenol acetate is a natural triterpenoid, which is primarily derived from plant sources. It serves as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of sterols, crucial components of plant cell membranes. The compound is synthesized in the plant's cellular systems through the cyclization process from 2,3-oxidosqualene, utilizing cycloartenol synthase enzymes. This enzymatic modification marks the diverging point between plant sterol and steroid biosynthesis pathways, distinguishing it from similar pathways in animals and fungi.</p>

<p>Pinifolic acid is a bioactive compound, which is derived from Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), a species of pine native to Eurasia. This compound is extracted from the needles and bark of the tree, recognized for its rich content of polyphenolic compounds. The mode of action of pinifolic acid involves potent antioxidant activity, which is facilitated by its ability to scavenge free radicals and thereby reduce oxidative stress at the cellular level. The bioactive components are believed to interact with various biochemical pathways, potentially exerting anti-inflammatory and protective effects on various tissues.</p>

<p>Edunol is a synthetic compound primarily utilized in neurochemical research. It is derived through complex organic synthesis processes, enabling the precise manipulation of molecular structures to target specific pathways in neural systems. Edunol operates by interacting with neurotransmitter receptors, modulating the activity of neural circuits, and providing insights into neuronal communication and neuromodulation.</p>

<p>Oleuroside is a bioactive compound classified as a secoiridoid, which is derived from the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea). The source of oleuroside, the olive leaf, is rich in polyphenolic compounds, among which oleuropein is prominent and hydrolyzes to form oleuroside. The mode of action of oleuroside is primarily based on its antioxidant properties. It scavenges free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and protecting cells from damage. This mechanism is crucial in modulating inflammatory pathways, contributing to its potential therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>Neotriptophenolide is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of bioactive alkaloids. It is derived from a rational synthesis process, leveraging advanced organic chemistry techniques to replicate and improve upon naturally occurring compounds. The mode of action of Neotriptophenolide involves specific interactions with cellular receptors and enzymes, influencing various biochemical pathways essential for cellular regulation and signaling.</p>

<p>Lucidumol A is a triterpenoid compound, which is isolated from the medicinal mushroom *Ganoderma lucidum*. This compound is notable for its ability to modulate multiple biological pathways, primarily through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, Lucidumol A exerts protective effects at the cellular level, reducing oxidative stress and modulating immune responses.Lucidumol A has piqued the interest of researchers due to its potential therapeutic applications. It is studied for its role in alleviating conditions associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are common in various degenerative diseases. The compound’s ability to modulate immune function and prevent cellular damage positions it as a candidate for further investigation in both clinical and preclinical settings. Its natural origin and bioactivity provide a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic agents derived from traditional medicine sources, emphasizing the intersection of natural products and modern pharmacology.</p>

<p>Helenalin is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a secondary metabolite derived from plants, specifically from the Arnica species. This compound is characterized by its molecular framework containing a cyclodecadiene ring along with an α-methylene-γ-lactone ring, conferring its biological activities. Helenalin exerts its effects primarily by inhibiting key transcription factors such as NF-κB and other molecules involved in critical signaling pathways. This mode of action results from its ability to form adducts with thiol groups of cysteine residues on these proteins, thus altering their activity and inhibiting inflammatory responses.</p>

<p>Essential oil; used as flavouring agent and as a scent</p>

<p>β-Aescin is a saponin glycoside, which is derived from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum). It acts primarily through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and improves vascular permeability. By inhibiting enzymes such as hyaluronidase and elastase, β-Aescin reduces the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans and supports capillary integrity. This results in decreased edema and improved venous tone, making it beneficial in reducing symptoms associated with chronic venous insufficiency.</p>

<p>Acetylharpagide is a bioactive iridoid glycoside, which is derived primarily from the plant *Harpagophytum procumbens*, commonly known as Devil's Claw. This compound is typically extracted from the root and tuber parts of the plant using various solvent extraction methods, followed by purification processes to isolate the active ingredient.</p>

<p>(+)-Sativene is a sesquiterpene compound, which is a type of naturally occurring hydrocarbon. It is derived from various plant sources, including certain species of the Cannabis genus and other aromatic plants. As a member of the terpenoid family, (+)-Sativene is characterized by its distinctive hydrocarbon structure, contributing to its presence in essential oils and its role in natural plant fragrances.</p>

<p>Incensole is a unique diterpenoid compound, which is derived from the resin of Boswellia species, commonly known as frankincense. It is characterized by its complex molecular structure, which contributes to its various biological activities. The mode of action of Incensole involves modulating inflammatory pathways and acting on the central nervous system, where it primarily affects neurotransmitter dynamics and receptor interactions. This modulating capability is of particular interest in the realm of neurological and anti-inflammatory research.</p>

<p>Britannin is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of organic compound found in certain plants. It is primarily derived from species within the Asteraceae family, known for its rich concentration of bioactive constituents. The mode of action of Britannin involves the inhibition of key signaling pathways and enzymes responsible for inflammatory responses and microbial growth. This unique mechanism disrupts the processes necessary for these biological functions, thereby exerting its therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside Rk3 is a bioactive compound, classified as a saponin, which is derived from the root of the Panax ginseng plant. This specific ginsenoside is produced through the steaming and processing of ginseng, which alters its chemical structure, resulting in various pharmacological properties. Ginsenoside Rk3 acts primarily by modulating signaling pathways and interacting with cellular receptors, leading to diverse biological activities.</p>

<p>Triterpene saponin</p>

<p>Cinnamodial is a naturally occurring compound classified as a sesquiterpene dialdehyde, which is isolated from cinnamon oil, derived primarily from the bark of the Cinnamomum tree. Its primary mode of action involves disrupting cellular integrity through binding with fungal cell membranes, leading to increased permeability and ultimately cell death. This mechanism highlights its potential as an effective antifungal agent.</p>

<p>Cedrodorin is a natural insecticidal compound extracted from the wood of Cedrela tonduzii, a species native to Central America. This compound functions by disrupting the feeding behavior of herbivorous insects, effectively reducing their ability to cause damage to plants. Cedrodorin’s mode of action involves interference with the neural pathways that regulate feeding, leading to reduced ingestion and eventual starvation of the pests.</p>

<p>Demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric acid B is a potent bioactive compound, which is a natural diterpenoid isolated from the plant Pseudolarix amabilis, also known as the golden larch. This compound is part of a class of structurally intricate molecules characterized by their tricyclic diterpenoid structures, specific to this botanical source. The mode of action of demethoxydeacetoxypseudolaric acid B primarily involves the disruption of microtubule assembly, a mechanism critical for its antifungal activity. By interfering with the polymerization of tubulin proteins, it effectively hinders cellular functions dependent on the microtubule network, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in susceptible fungal cells.</p>

<p>Pseudolaric acid A beta-D-glucoside is a bioactive compound, which is a natural product derived from Pseudolarix amabilis, a species of tree native to certain regions of China. It belongs to the diterpenoid family, known for their diverse structural features and significant biological activities. This compound exhibits its mode of action primarily through interactions with cellular pathways, modulating specific enzymatic activities and receptor responses, which can lead to varying effects at the cellular and molecular levels.</p>

<p>Gibberellic Acid Acetoxymethyl Ester is a plant growth regulator, derived from the gibberellin family of diterpenoid acids, which is synthesized through microbiological processes involving certain fungal species like *Gibberella fujikuroi*. It acts by mimicking endogenous gibberellins, which are natural plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes. Upon application, it binds to specific receptors in plant cells, triggering a cascade of gene expressions that promote cell elongation, division, and differentiation.</p>

<p>Desmethylfrutescin is a bioactive compound, which is a secondary metabolite isolated from the plant Argyranthemum frutescens, commonly known as Marguerite. This compound is derived from the chemical constituents of the plant, which has long been studied for its various biological activities.</p>

<p>Verbenone is a semiochemical product, which is a terpene compound sourced from the fragrant essential oils of certain plants, such as members of the Verbena genus. It acts as an anti-aggregation pheromone that disrupts the behavior of specific insect species. By mimicking natural signals in the environment, Verbenone inhibits the congregation and settling of pests like bark beetles.</p>

<p>Isoescin IB is a saponin compound derived from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum, commonly known as horse chestnut. It belongs to a class of natural products known for their potential therapeutic properties. The source of Isoescin IB, the horse chestnut tree, is widely studied for its bioactive compounds that have been used in traditional medicine.</p>

<p>Sapindoside A is a bioactive saponin, which is a glycoside compound. It is derived from the fruit pericarp of Sapindus species, commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts. These are traditionally utilized for their natural surfactant properties due to the presence of saponins, which form stable foams when agitated in water.</p>

<p>trans-Hydroxydavanone is a naturally occurring compound, which is a sesquiterpenoid ketone derived from the Artemisia species. It is characterized by its unique molecular structure that includes a hydroxyl group, contributing to its distinctive biochemical properties. The source of trans-Hydroxydavanone lies primarily in various species of the Artemisia plant, which are known for their diverse range of secondary metabolites.</p>

<p>Methyl lucidenate D2 is a triterpenoid compound, which is a derivative isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, a widely studied medicinal mushroom. This compound exhibits activity primarily through its ability to modulate various signaling pathways implicated in cancer cell proliferation and survival. Specifically, it has been observed to interfere with tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several cancer cell lines.</p>

<p>Prosaikogenin G is a saponin derivative, which is a bioactive compound commonly found in medicinal plants, traditionally used in Eastern medicine. Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides, and they have a wide range of biological activities due to their amphiphilic nature. Prosaikogenin G is specifically sourced from Bupleurum species, a well-known genus in herbal medicine. These compounds have been extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.</p>

<p>Congmunoside V is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also known as Jiaogulan. This plant is traditionally recognized in herbal medicine and is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, primarily found in East Asia. Triterpenoid saponins are a class of chemical compounds composed of a sapogenin (triterpene) attached to sugar moieties, which confer a variety of biological activities.</p>

<p>Illudin S is a sesquiterpene toxin, which is a naturally occurring compound isolated from several species of fungi belonging to the genus Omphalotus, such as Omphalotus olearius, commonly known as the Jack-o'-lantern mushroom. Its mode of action involves alkylating DNA, which leads to DNA cross-linking and subsequent inhibition of DNA synthesis. This mechanism renders it highly cytotoxic, as it can induce cell death by disrupting normal cellular replication processes.</p>

<p>Juvenile hormone I is a sesquiterpenoid hormone, which is an endogenous regulatory compound found in insects. Its source is primarily the corpora allata, a pair of endocrine glands associated with the insect brain. Juvenile hormone I functions by modulating the expression of specific genes involved in development, metamorphosis, and reproduction, acting through a receptor-mediated mechanism that influences the transcriptional activity of target genes.</p>

<p>Cycloartanol is a triterpenoid alcohol, which is primarily derived from plant sources, particularly from the cell membranes of various plant species. As a phytosterol, it plays a critical role in the stabilization of cell membranes and serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of more complex steroidal compounds. The mode of action of cycloartanol involves its integration into lipid bilayers, contributing to membrane fluidity and integrity, and potentially interacting with various biochemical pathways within the plant systems.</p>

<p>alpha-Selinine is a sesquiterpene compound, which is a naturally occurring organic molecule. It is extracted primarily from the essential oils of certain plant species, such as those within the Apiaceae family, including celery and parsley. The compound’s mode of action involves interactions at the molecular level with cellular targets, which can influence a range of biological pathways. Studies suggest that alpha-Selinine may exhibit various bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, by modulating enzyme activity and cell signaling pathways.</p>

<p>Valerenic acid is a bioactive compound, which is a sesquiterpenoid product of Valeriana officinalis, commonly known as valerian. This perennial flowering plant is native to Europe and parts of Asia and has been employed in traditional medicine for centuries. Valerenic acid is primarily extracted from the root, which is known for its distinctive aroma and therapeutic properties.</p>

<p>Lanatoside B is a cardiac glycoside, which is a type of compound obtained from the leaves of the Digitalis lanata plant, commonly known as woolly foxglove. This compound belongs to a class of organic substances known for their potent effects on the heart's contractile capability. The primary mode of action of Lanatoside B involves inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase enzyme in cardiac tissues. This inhibition leads to an increase in intracellular sodium concentration, which subsequently boosts calcium ions available for myocardial contraction via the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism.</p>

<p>Flavour and scent of grapefruit</p>

<p>Tagitinin A is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, which is derived from the plant *Tithonia diversifolia*. This compound is known for its potential therapeutic properties, particularly in the field of oncology. As a sesquiterpene lactone, Tagitinin A is part of a larger class of secondary metabolites found in various plant species, which often exhibit diverse biological activities.</p>

<p>Lucidenic acid P is a triterpenoid compound, which is a bioactive metabolite isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, a medicinal mushroom known for its diverse pharmacological properties. It is primarily sourced from the fruiting bodies of this fungus, where it is present as part of a complex mixture of triterpenoids.</p>

<p>Prosaikogenin F is a saponin derivative, which is a bioactive compound typically derived from ginseng or related plants within the Araliaceae family. These sources are renowned for their complex saponins, known as ginsenosides, which play significant roles in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology.</p>

<p>Sabinene hydrate is a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol, which is a naturally occurring compound found in essential oils of various plants, especially in species such as Juniperus and Myristica. This compound is derived from the oxidation of sabinene, a terpene prevalent in numerous aromatic plants.</p>

<p>Escin Ib is a natural saponin glycoside, which is derived from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum, commonly known as horse chestnut. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the enzyme hyaluronidase, thereby reducing capillary permeability and effectively controlling edema and inflammation. Additionally, it acts by stabilizing lysosomal membranes, further contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects.</p>

<p>Gypenoside Li is a phytochemical compound, which is derived from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, commonly known as Jiaogulan. It functions primarily through modulating various biological pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, making it of significant interest for therapeutic research.</p>