Lipides

<p>Applications It is a potent and selective human CYP2C19 inhibitor.<br>References Suzuki, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 235 (2002), Robert, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 343 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Marx, J., et al.: Science, 294, 508 (2001), Plosch, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33870 (2002), Lund, E., et al.: J .Biol. Chem., 278, 22980 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity D<br>Applications Ursocholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity D) is an Ursodeoxycholic Acid (U850000) impurity.<br>References Ward, A., et al.: Drugs, 1984, 27, 95 (1984), Sama, C., et al.: Clin. Drug Invest., 13, 192 (1997), Nobilis, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 24, 937 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity A<br>Applications Chenodeoxycholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity A) is a major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate. With other bile acids, forms mixed micelles with lecithin in bile which solubilize cholesterol and thus facilitates its excretion. Facilitates fat absorption in the small intestine by micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides. Anticholelithogenic. Epimeric with Ursodiol.<br>References Danzinger, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1 (1972), Iser, J.H., et al.: Drugs, 21, 90 (1981), Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Stabilizer in manufacturing of vinyl polymers; intermediate in synthesis of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, and amines; additive for oil and synthetic hydraulic fluids; epoxy resin diluent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hiles, R.A., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19, 347 (1981); Thompson, E.D., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 665 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive<br>Applications (E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (cas# 4206-58-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholesterol (C432501) derivative. Cholesterol is a major component of all biological membranes; ~25% of total brain lipid is Cholesterol. Cholesterol is the principal sterol of the higher animals. Cholesterol was found in all body tissues, especial in the brain, spinal cord, and in animal fats or oils. Cholesterol is the main constituent of gallstones.<br>References Rosin, Z., et al.: Physiol. Chem., 124, 282 (1923), Schoenheimer, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 105, 355 (1934), Gemant, et al.: Life Sci., 1, 233 (1962), Johnson, K., et al.: 4, 457 (1964),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Estradiol 17?-Hydroxy Impurity; Estradiol EP Impurity B; Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity L<br>Applications Estradiol (known as α-Estradiol or 17 α-Estradiol) is a biologically active estrogen in human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. 17-Εstradiol and its selective receptor, ER-X, are not part of a classical hormone/receptor endocrine system but of a system with important autocrine/paracrine functions in the developing and adult brain(1,2). 17-Estradiol may have enormous implications for hormone replacement strategies at the menopause and in the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke(3).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>References 1. Lievertz, R. et al.: J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-932. Kuhnz, W. et al.: Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Sep;43(9):966-73.3. Toran-Allerand, C. et al.: Endocrinology. 2005 Sep;146(9):3843-50.<br></p>

<p>Applications Food preservative, having the ability to form complexes with starch, retarding its retrodegradation during storage.<br>References Yu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 4482 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled (-)-Norgestrel, an emergency contraceptive. Levonorgestrel is safe, tolerated and effective in emergency contraception in woman.<br>References Fotherby, K., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 19(1C), 817 (1983), Stanczyk, F. Z., et al.: Contraception, 42, 67 (1990), Bednarek, P., et al.: Drugs, 67, 2478 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Cholesterol (C432501) metabolite. Lathosterol (indicating cholesterol synthesis) and Sitosterol (indicating cholesterol absorption) also decreased with deteriorating health. Low Lathosterol, Sitosterol (S497050), and Cholesterol (C432501) predicted mortality additively and independently of each other.<br>References Chyou, P., et al.: Age Ageing, 29, 69 (2000), Schatz, I., et al.: Lancet, 358, 351 (2001), Bjorkman, M., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 158, 749 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications γ-Linolenic Acid is a fatty acid found mainly in vegetable oil. Studies suggest that γ-Linolenic Acid may have immune regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. γ-Linolenic Acid has also been used in the treatment of atopic eczeme although its efficacy is disputed.<br>References Ziboh, V. et al.: Fatty Acids Food Health Implic., 791 (2008); Kapoor, R. et al.: Curr. Phar, Biotechnol., 7, 531 (2006); Horrobin, D. et al.: Am. J. Nutrit., 71, 367S (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-cis-Diltiazem-d3 HCl (acetoxy-d3) (CAS# 1217860-13-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications (25R)-26-Hydroxycholesterol is a desmosterol metabolite that is found in the brain. 26-Hydroxycholesterol has been used as a biomarker for carbon cycling in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.<br>References Meljon, A., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 2469 (2012); Christodoulou, S., et. al.: Marine Chem., 113, 25 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Equol and R-Equol are metabolites of the soy isoflavones Daidzein (D103500) and Genistein. Both have significant biological actions.<br>References Heinonen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 274, 211 (1999), Setchell, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 132, 3577 (2002), Thigpen, J., et al.: Comp. Med., 53, 607 (2003), Yee, S., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2713 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications β-Muricholic Acid is an bile acid found in urine. β-Muricholic Acid has been used in studies of down regulation of transporter protein through ubiquitin dependent protein degradation.<br>References Miyata, M., et al.: Euro. J. Pharmacol., 714, 507 (2013);<br></p>