Nucléotides

2-Azidoadenosine is a nucleoside analog of adenosine, where the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose sugar is replaced with an azido group (–N₃). This substitution imparts unique chemical properties, notably enabling molecules to undergo bioorthogonal reactions, such as click chemistry, which involves the cycloaddition of the azide group with alkynes.

6-Aza-2-thiouridine is a molecule that has been shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The compound is cytotoxic to leukemia cells and selectively inhibits the function of cytidine deaminase, which is an enzyme required for DNA synthesis. 6-Aza-2-thiouridine also inhibits the production of viruses by interfering with the activity of their nucleic acid polymerases. This inhibition may be due to its ability to hydrolyze extracellular hydroxyl groups on the viral nucleotide. 6-Aza-2-thiouridine has also been shown to have anti-cancer properties in mammalian cells.

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-iodouridine is a nucleoside analog that is a modified version of uridine, where the 2'-fluoro modification is added to the sugar (deoxyribose), and an iodine atom is attached at the 5' position of the uracil base. This combination of modifications provides unique properties that may be useful for research and therapeutic applications.

3'-O-Propargylcytidine is a monophosphate nucleoside that belongs to the group of synthetic, novel nucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides. It is a modified form of cytidine with an extra methyl group attached to the 3' position of the ribose sugar. 3'-O-Propargylcytidine has been shown to inhibit cancer cells by binding to DNA and preventing transcription and replication. This compound also inhibits virus replication and has antiviral properties. 3'-O-Propargylcytidine is highly pure and high quality, which makes it a good candidate for use in pharmaceuticals or other applications requiring high purity.

5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine is a monophosphate nucleoside of cytidine. It is used as an antiviral agent and has been shown to have anticancer effects in vitro. 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine is synthesized by modification of the natural deoxyribonucleosides, which are then phosphoramidited to form a 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine monophosphate. The synthesis process also produces diphosphate and triphosphate forms of the nucleoside, which can be used for other purposes.

Glycinamide ribonucleotide (GAR) is a reactive metabolite that is formed from glycinamide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of purines. GAR has been shown to bind to intracellular targets and inhibit their enzyme activities. GAR has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of purines, such as ribonucleotides and nucleoside phosphates. These enzymes have been found in human tissues. GAR also inhibits the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by binding to DNA and inhibiting its replication. This drug has also been shown to be effective against bowel disease by binding to bacterial dna gyrase, dna topoisomerase, and rna synthesis.

C2-Methyladenosine is a x-ray crystal structure of the mutant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has an efficient method for binding to the substrate. The uptake of C2-methyladenosine by the wild type strain was found to be at least four times higher than that of adenosine. The analog was also shown to have pharmacokinetic properties in fat cells, which leads to a decrease in ATP levels.

N3-Methylcytidine methosulfate is a novel antiviral agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It has been shown to be effective against hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cytomegalovirus. N3-Methylcytidine methosulfate was found to be active in a variety of animal models including mice and rats. This drug has anticancer properties in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. The phosphoramidite derivative of N3-methylcytidine methosulfate is used as an activator for oligonucleotide synthesis.

5-Hydroxycytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside that is found in DNA and RNA. It can be produced by the conversion of cytidine 5-monophosphate to cytidine 5'-diphosphate, which is then hydrolyzed to produce 5-hydroxycytidine. This conversion requires the enzyme cytidylate kinase. The structure of 5-hydroxycytidine differs from other pyrimidine nucleosides as its hydroxyl group does not have an acidic proton present. Biological functions that have been attributed to 5-hydroxydihydrocytidylic acid include its ability to inhibit translation and induce cell death in lung cells. This compound has also been shown to modify DNA duplexes and form bioconjugates with proteins or small molecules, such as fluorescein and digoxigenin. These modifications are used in analytical methods such as phase chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy