Vitamines

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications The epimer metabolite of Calcifediol or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (C125700).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sakaki, T., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 267, 6158 (2000), Kamao, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1463 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications (24S)-24,25-Epoxycholesterol is a derivative of 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol (H917980), a metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications SR9243 is used in new compounds targeting warburg effcts, killing cancer cells and inhibiting lipid production.<br>References Anon.: Cancer Discovery, 5, 898 (2015)<br></p>

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, which is primarily sourced from leafy green vegetables, and is also synthesized by gut microbiota. Its mode of action involves functioning as a crucial cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues on proteins required for blood coagulation. This modification enables the calcium-binding capacity of these proteins, facilitating essential physiological processes such as coagulation, bone metabolism, and vascular biology.

<p>Calcipotriol monohydrate, a Vitamin D3 analog, binds well to the vitamin D receptor, used in psoriasis research.</p>

3-Butyl-1,10-ethylidenealloxazinium chloride is a synthetic organic compound, which is a cationic dye derived from the alloxazinium class of compounds. Its molecular structure is characterized by the presence of an alloxazine core, which serves as the electron-releasing moiety, coupled with ethylidene and butyl groups that contribute to its solubility and electron-density properties.

<p>Tachysterol is a sterol derivative that serves as a vitamin D analog, primarily sourced from the photochemical isomerization of ergosterol or lumisterol. Tachysterol undergoes further conversion processes to become active vitamin D metabolites that play crucial roles in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Though not biologically active in its original form, tachysterol is a precursor in the metabolic pathway, with conversion into active forms such as calcitriol occurring in the body.</p>

Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin, which is primarily sourced from dietary intake, including milk, eggs, lean meats, green vegetables, and nuts. It acts as a precursor to the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), essential for redox reactions in cellular metabolism. These coenzymes play a critical role in the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, facilitating the conversion of nutrients into energy via ATP production.

<p>Gamma-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E, which is a lipid-soluble antioxidant sourced predominantly from certain plant oils, including palm oil, rice bran oil, and annatto seeds. It possesses an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain, which differentiates it from tocopherols and contributes to its differing biological activities.</p>

Maxacalcitol (22-Oxacalcitriol) is a ligand of VDR-like receptors and a non-serum calcium vitamin D3 analogue.

<p>Beta-Tocotrienol is a biochemical compound that belongs to the vitamin E family. It is derived from sources such as palm oil, rice bran, and certain cereal grains. This compound exhibits its mode of action through the modulation of oxidative stress pathways and inhibition of certain enzymes involved in cell proliferation and cholesterol synthesis, which differentiates it from other tocopherols.</p>

β-Tocopherol is a type of product known as a naturally occurring form of vitamin E, which is a crucial lipid-soluble antioxidant. This compound is sourced primarily from plant-based oils, such as those derived from nuts, seeds, and vegetables. As an antioxidant, β-Tocopherol plays a pivotal role in the biological systems by scavenging free radicals. It interrupts the propagation of free radical chain reactions, thereby protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. This is achieved through the donation of hydrogen atoms, which neutralize harmful free radicals.

<p>alpha-Tocotrienol is a chemical compound known as a vitamin E isoform, which is derived primarily from certain plant oils, such as palm oil, rice bran oil, and annatto. This compound exhibits a unique unsaturated side chain, distinguishing it from tocopherols and enabling it to integrate into cellular membranes with greater efficiency.</p>

<p>Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin, also known as vitamin B7. Biotin is an essential coenzyme for five carboxylases in mammalian cells, which play key roles in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids (Zempleni, 2014). Biotin is also used in biochemistry in affinity purification of proteins in the biotin-avidin and biotin-streptavidin systems. Herein, free biotin is used in the elution step to release the recombinant protein from the resin (Diamandis and Christopoulos, 1991).Remainder of the material is maltodextrin.</p>

<p>Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be obtained from some fish, mushrooms, and dairy products. The most common form of the vitamin is cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) which can be converted in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) and in the kidneys to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 has been shown to have a positive effect on calcium absorption and bone mineralization. It also has important physiological functions such as regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The solubility of vitamin D3 is dependent on the presence of a hydroxy group at position 3' or 25'. This liquid chromatography method uses an experimental solubility data set for the determination of solubility data for compounds with a hydroxy group at position 3'.</p>

<p>Riboflavin-2,4,4α,10α-13C4-1,3-15N2 is a stable isotope-labeled form of riboflavin, which is a type of vitamin B2 molecule. This compound is synthesized with carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotopes, providing a distinct mass that enables precise tracking in metabolic studies. The source of this compound is derived from isotopically enriched materials, employing advanced chemical synthesis processes to incorporate stable isotopes into the riboflavin structure without altering its fundamental biochemical properties.</p>