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4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(a-D-mannopyranosyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme, beta-glucosidase. It is used as a food additive to test for the presence of alpha and beta glucosidases in foods. This product is also commonly used as an enzyme substrate and conjugate in biochemical research and diagnostic applications.

4-Nitrophenyl lacto-N-tetraoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzymes that cleave lactose-specific linkages, such as beta-galactosidases. Upon enzyme cleavage, the pNP group is released, resulting in a yellow-colored solution that can be spectrophotometrically quantified at 405 nm. This substrate is commonly used in detecting lactose hydrolysis activity, such as in dairy industry for production optimization studies, or in microbiology for bacterial lactose fermentation assays. Its tetrasaccharide structure resembles that of lactose and makes it a specific substrate for lactose-utilizing enzymes. The properties of 4-nitrophenyl lacto-N-tetraoside make it a useful tool in enzyme kinetics studies and screening of new lactose-utilizing microorganisms.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl)-a-D-mannopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used as a diagnostic tool and can be used to detect the presence of β--glucosidase in the gut. It is also used as a conjugate with enzymes such as peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase for use in enzyme catalyzed reactions. The product has been shown to be active against a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This product has been shown to produce chemiluminescence when incubated with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. This product is light sensitive and should be stored at room temperature away from direct sunlight.

4-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase activity. The four glucose units in the molecule are hydrolyzed by the enzyme, releasing 4-nitrophenol and allowing for easy colorimetric measurement of enzymatic activity

1-Naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate. It is used in diagnostics and as a reagent for enzymatic analysis of alpha-mannosidase activity in culture media, food testing, and environmental testing.

Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining

4-Nitrophenyl beta-galactoside (pNP-Gal) is a chromogenic substrate commonly used in enzymatic assays to detect and quantify the presence of beta-galactosidase. It is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to release 4-nitrophenol, which produces a yellow color that can be measured spectrophotometrically. Similarly, 4-Nitrophenyl beta-glucoside (pNP-Glc) can be used to assay beta-glucosidase activity. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-globotrioside (pNP-Glo) is a similar compound that has been designed as a substrate for glycosidases that cleave terminal beta-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetylgalactosamine residues. In these assays, the release of 4-nitrophenol can be measured to determine the activity of the enzyme under study. The use of chromogenic substrates like pNP-Glo allows for the rapid and reliable detection of glycosidase activity in a variety of biological samples.

4-Nitrophenyl-myo-inositol-1-yl phosphate is a highly specific chromogenic substrate used for the detection, quantification, and characterization of phosphoinositide phosphatases. When cleaved by the target enzyme, it generates a highly absorbing 4-nitrophenyl moiety, producing a yellow color that can be measured spectrophotometrically. This versatile substrate is valuable in examining phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, and inhibition studies in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, lipid metabolism, and membrane trafficking.