Nucléosides et Nucléotides

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A synthetic precursor of Zanamivir.
References Gonzalez-Diaz, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 1651 (2005), Bergmann, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 2708 (2007), Lue, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 569 (2008),

Applications An effective agent for increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations in mammalian cells.
References Yang, T. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 6458 (2007);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications The prosthetic group of certain flavoproteins including D-amino acid oxidase, glucose oxidase, glycine oxidase, fumaric hydrogenase, histaminase, and xanthine oxidase. Riboflavin kinase tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 NADPH oxidase.
References DeLuca, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 223, 569 (1956), Yagi, K., et al.: Biochemistry, 19, 1553 (1980), Li, G., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 112, 4573 (2008),

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity A
Applications Barbituric Acid (Fluorouracil EP Impurity A) is a parent compound of barbiturate drugs. Unsubstituted barbituric acid has no hypnotic properties.
References Luo, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3846 (2010), Tomasic, T., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 1667 (2010), Gilbert, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 636 (2010),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Metabolite of 6-Mercaptopurine, an immunosuppressive drug used to treat leukemia.
References Chou, C., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 75, 1601 (2008), Conejo-Garcia, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 43, 1742 (2008), Hawwa, A., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 66, 826 (2008), Askanase, A., et al.: J. Rheumatol., 36, 89 (2009),

Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution
Applications A derivative of Cytarabine, a potent cytotoxic-antiviral nucleoside.
References Kufe, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 255, 8997 (1980), Ross, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 2658 (1990), Bhalla, K., et al.: Blood, 80, 2883 (1992), Tonetti, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 23230 (1994),

Applications 4-Bromo-1-chloro-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Dapagliflozin (D185370); a potent, selective renal sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
References Meng, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 1145 (2008);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);

Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity D N-Desmethyl Impurity
Applications Pteroic Acid (Methotrexate EP Impurity D N-Desmethyl Impurity) is a constituent as well as a degradation product of Folic Acid (F680300) formed via enzymatic hydrolysis. has been shown to activate the glutamylation of methotrexate by folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
References Vickers, P.J. et al.: Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 63, 777 (1985): Tafolla, W.H. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 70, 1273 (1981); Iwai, K. et al.: J. Butrit. Sci. Vitaminol., 23, 95 (1977);

Applications 5-Amino-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole is a moiety of Azathioprine (A803350); an immunosuppressive antimetabolite that is also active as a disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).
References Mitrou, P.S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 29, 483, 662 (1979); Ding, T.L., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 7, 373 (1979); Chan, G.L.C., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 7, 165 (1987); Sandborn, W.J., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33, Suppl. 225, 92 (1998)

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity D
Applications 5-Methoxyuracil (Fluorouracil EP Impurity D) is methoxylated uracil, a component of nucleid acid. 5-Methoxyuracil is used in the preparation of nucleosides.
References Vorbrueggen, H. et al.: Chem. Ber., 114, 1279 (1981); Novacek, A. et al.: Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 32, 1045 (1967);

Impurity Abacavir EP Impurity E
Applications (1R,3S)-3-[2-Amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]cyclopentanemethanol (Abacavir EP Impurity E) is an impurity of Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications Gemcitabine is used for breast cancer treatment. First-line treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
References Hamsici, S., et al.: Bioconjugate Chem., (2017); Peng, T., et al.: J. Cell. Biochem., (2017)

Applications 2-Deoxy-D-ribose induces apoptosis by inhibiting the synthesis and increasing the efflux of glutathione.
References Fico, A., et al.: Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 45, 211 (2008),

Applications Melphalan is an antineoplastic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ross, W.C.J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 13, 969 (1964); Donelli, M.G., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 760 (1966), Furner, R.L., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 64, 559 (1980),

Applications 5’-O-Acetyl Ribavirin is an impurity of Ribavirin (R414475). Ribavirin impurity F.
References Zakharieva., et al.: Bioorganic. Medicinal. Chem., 1994, 4, 2831 (1994), Reichard., et al.: The Lancet, 351, 83 (1998),

Applications Hypocholesterolemic isolated from shiitake mushrooms, effecting phospholipid and linoleic acid metabolisms. Specifically, Eritadenine is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), decreasing total cholesterol levels in plasma.
References Fukada, S., et al.: J. Nut., 136, 2797 (2006), Vilar, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 1118 (2006), Yamada, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 73, 981 (2007), Enman, J., et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 2609 (2008),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of Lamivudine (L172500).
References Burgess, K., et al.: Chem. Rev., 100, 2047 (2000), Gallois-Montbrun, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1749 (2004),

Applications 6-Hydroxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine, Sulfate (cas# 35011-47-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 6,6'-Thiobis-9H-purine is used in the study of the activity of topoisomerase IIα.
References Jensen, L.H., et al.: Molecular Pharmacology, 70, 1503 (2006);

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity B
Applications Guanine is one of the five nucleobases incorporated into biological nucleic acids. Guanine, along with adenine and cytosine, is present in both DNA and RNA, whereas thymine is usually seen only in DNA, and uracil only in RNA. Aciclovir EP Impurity B.
References Geslain, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 27760 (2009); Manini, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 190, 41 (2009); Gong, B., et al.: Biochem., 48, 11961 (2009); Sugimoto, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 374 (2010);

Applications N6-Isopentenyladenosine has antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
References Rajabi, M. et al.; DNA Cell Biol.; 29, 687 (2010)

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Emtricitabine. A reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).
References Schinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. Infec. Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity I/ Aciclovir USP Related Compound A
Applications Acyclovir Acetate (Valaciclovir EP Impurity I) is an Acyclovir (A192400) impurity, Aciclovir EP Impurity A
References Goskonda, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 88, 180 (1999); Chang, J., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 670 (2000),

Applications 2-Amino-6-(chloromethyl)-4(3H)-pteridinone is a reagent/intermediate used in the preparation of Folic Acid (F680300) and its derivatives.
References Qi, Y., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing. CN 103755706 A 20140430. Apr 30, 2014;

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Applications 6-Benzylaminopurine 9-(β-D-glucoside) (cas# 4294-17-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 2prime-Deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside adenosine derivative with mutagenic properties.

Stability Moisture Sensitive
Applications Eye irritant.
References Bagley, D. M. et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 13, 505 (1999); Gilleron, L. et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 11, 641 (1997)

Applications Widespread throughout animal and plant tissues combined with niacinamide, d-ribose, and phosphoric acids; a constituent of nucleic acids and coenzymes, such as codehydrase I and II, adenylic acid, coalaninedehydrase. It is used in microbial determination of niacin; in research on heredity, virus diseases, and cancer.
References Philips, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 20, 104 (1952), Lambertucci, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 2812 (2009),

Applications A metabolite of 5-Fluorouracil. (F596000)
References Bocci, G., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 58, 593 (2002), Longley, D.B., Nature Rev. Cancer, 3, 330 (2003), Fischel, J., et al.: Anti-Cancer Drugs, 15, 969 (2004)

Applications A natural, active form of folic acid used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine among other functions. It is a coenzymated form of folic acid. It has been proposed for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
References Willems, F. et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 145, 823 (2004); Prinz-Langhebohi, R.: et al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 158, 2014 (2009); Wright, A. et al.: Brit, J. Nutrit., 103, 724 (2010)

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity B; Fluorouracil USP Related Compound B
Applications A 5-hydroxy derivative of the nucleobase Uracil (U801000) and an isomer of Barbituric Acid (B118650). Studies show that it can form stable base pairs with all four bases in a DNA duplex. It has been used as oxidative DNA damage biomarker in tissue engineered skin. Fluorouracil EP Impurity B. Fluorouracil USP Related Compound B
References Varatharasa T. et al.: Chem. Comm., 3, 400 (2005); Jaruga, P. et al.: Nucleic Acid Res., 24, 1389 (1996); Rodriguez, H. et al.: Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 534, 129 (2003);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Cytarabine, a compound used as an antineoplastic and antiviral. A selective inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Does not inhibit RNA synthesis.
References Donehower, R.C., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 70, 1059 (1986)

Applications Constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid.
References Levene, L., et al.: J. Bil. Chem. 83, 793 (1929), Tollin, et al.: Nature 217, 1148 (1968), Redzic, Z., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 34, 566 (2009), Hazra, S., et al.: Biochem., 48, 1256 (2009), Yang, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 191 (2009),

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications A labelled Folic acid (F680300) derivative (or folate) found in daily dietary intake that is often used in cancer risk correlation studies.
References Keszei, A.P. et al.: Cancer Epidimiol. Biomarker Prev., 18, 1785 (2009); Koning, E.J. et al.: Cancer, 95, 1421 (2002);

Applications Influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor; structural analog of the sialic acid. Antiviral.
References Woods, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 1473 (1993), Pegg, M.S., et al.: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 32, 851 (1994), Monto, A.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 31 (1999),

Applications (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(4-Chloro-3-(2-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol is an impurity of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Impurity Famciclovir USP Related Compound F
Applications Famciclovir USP Related Compound F

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Abacavir 5’-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications An impurity of Levomefolate (L375720), the natural form of folic acid.
References Verlinde, P.H.C.., et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 57, 6803 (2009); Whiteley, J.M., et al.: Biochem. Biophy. Res. Comm., 101, 1259 (1981);

Applications Capecitabine is an antineoplastic agent. Capecitabine is a prodrug of Doxifluridine (D556750).
References Muss, H., et al.: New Eng. J. Med., 360, 2055 (2009), Takahashi, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 956 (2009), Saltz, L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 653 (2009), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 187, 84 (2009),

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity M
Applications An impurity of Acyclovir. Aciclovir EP Impurity M
References Laskin, O., et al.: Clin. Pharmacok., 8, 187 (1983), Grass, G., et al.: Pharm. Res., 5, 372 (1988), Mahony, W., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 9285 (1988), Merino, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 777 (1995),

Applications Cidofovir Diphosphate Trisodium Salt has antiviral activity, which is used against herpes viruses. Cidofovir Diphosphate is a metabolite in human cells.
References Hitchcock, M. J. M., et al.: Antivir. Chem. Chemoth., 7, 115-127 (1996); Cihlar, T., et al.: Collect. Czech. Chem. C., 57, 661-72 (1992)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Dapagliflozin-D5 is a labelled analogue of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption and is used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.
References List, J., et al.: Diabetes Care, 32, 650 (2009); Meng, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 1145 (2008); Wilding, J., et al.: Diabetes Care, 32, 1656 (2009)

Applications Gemcitabine Monophosphate is a gemcitabine derivative. It is an antineoplastic agent.
References Balzarini, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 897 (1988), Abbruzzese, J., et al.: Investig. New Drugs, 7, 195 (1989), Balzarini, J., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 6127 (1989), Chu, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 39, 979 (1995)

Applications A primary degradation product of tRNA, an urinary nucleoside as biological marker for patients with colorectal cancer.
References Borek, E., et al.: Cancer Res., 37, 3362 (1977), Sander, G., et al.: Clin. Sci.,71, 367 (1986), Sander, G., et al.: Ann. Nutr. Metab., 30, 137 (1986), Rasmuson, T., et al.: Acta Oncol., 34, 61 (1995),

Applications Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate is a natural occurring nucleotide and a useful ligand determinant that facilitate the binding of APS reductase inhibitors and activates adenosine receptor agonists.
References Hong, J.A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5485 (2009); Korboukh I. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 6467 (2012)

Applications A Cytidine (C998300) analog and also an isostere of Thymidine (T412000).
References Sabini, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 4219 (2008), Sabini, E., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 378, 607 (2008),

Impurity Zidovudine Impurity;
Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive
Applications A metabolite of Zidovudine (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT).
References Qian, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 48, 383 (1994), Diwan, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 161, 82 (1999) , Lim, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 23616 (2001), Von Tungeln, L., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 23, 1427 (2002),

Applications Labelled Entecavir. An oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. A guanine analogue that inhhibits all three steps in the viral replication process.
References Innaimo, S.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 41, 1444 (1997), Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),

Applications Lamivudine epimer.
References Chang, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 13938 (1992), Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993),

Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive
Applications A metabolite of Adenosine (A280400), a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme of intracellular energy transfer. It transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
References Knowles, J., et al.: Annu. Rev. Biochem., 49, 877 (1980),

Impurity Sofosbuvir Metabolite GS331007
Applications RO 2433 is the deaminated metabolite of β-D-2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methylcytidine, an effective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro.
References Asif, G., et. al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 51, 2877 (2007)

Applications 3’,5’-Di-O-benzyl Entecavir is an intermediate in the preparation of the hepatitis B antiviral agent, Entecavir (E558900).
References Li, R. et al.: Zhong. Yao., 6, 292 (2008); Bisacchi, G.S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 127 (1997);

Applications Antiviral nucleoside analog, also an impurity found in emtricitabine (E525000).
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993),

Applications Dihydroxy Melphatalan is an analogue of Melphalan (M216900), an antineoplastic.
References Ross, W.C.J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 13, 969 (1964); Donelli, M.G., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 760 (1966), Furner, R.L., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rep., 64, 559 (1980);

Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Applications trans-Abacavir Dihydrochloride is an impurity of Abacavir. Abacavir (A104990) is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications T-705 Ribofuranose is a reagent used for the preparation of pyrazine-ribofuranose derivatives as antiviral agents that are useful in the treatment of viral infections.
References Zhong, B., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, 2014:924257 (2014)

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity F
Applications N2-Acetyl Acyclovir (Aciclovir EP Impurity F) is an impurity of Acyclovir (A192400).
References Balon, K., et al.: Pharm. Res., 16, 882 (1999),

Impurity Didanosine EP Impurity E
Applications 2',3'-Anhydroinosine (Didanosine EP Impurity E) is an impurity of the antiviral drug 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine (D440950).
References Rao, D.V.N. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed.Anal., 45, 516 (2007);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Adenosine 5’-Monophosphate (A281790), a naturally occurring nucleotide. A useful ligand determinant that facilitate the binding of APS reductase inhibitors and activates adenosine receptor agonists.
References Hong, J.A. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5485 (2009); Korboukh I. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 6467 (2012)

Impurity Didanosine EP Impurity D
Applications 3'-Deoxyinosine (Didanosine EP Impurity D) is an Inosine (I661000) analog with potential use as an antileishmanial drug. Used as an inhibiting agent in studies of Trypanosoma cruzi growth inside host cells in vitro. An impurity of the antiviral drug 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine (D440950).
References Morishige, K. et al.: Exp. Parasitol., 80, 665 (1995); Aoki, T. et al.: Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 370, 499 (1994);

Applications α-Decitabine is shown to inhibit DNA methylation resulting in an effective anticancer agent.
References Hajek, M. et al.: Biochem. Pharm., 75, 965 (2008); Rogstad, D. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 1194 (2009);

Applications 2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (cas# 56-06-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications Abacavir-d4 is deuterium labeled Abacavir (A104990). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications 1’-epi-Cladribine is an impurity of Cladribine (C557500), a substituted purine nucleoside with antileukemic activity.
References Seto, S., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 75, 377 (1985), Piro, L.D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 322, 1117 (1990),

Applications 6-Mercaptopurine Disulfide is an impurity of 6-Mercaptopurine (M225450, monohydrate) which is an immunosuppressive drug used to treat leukemia. It is also used for pediatric non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, polycythemia vera, and psoriatic arthritis.
References Zeng, H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 911 (2004)

Applications Labelled Floxuridine. Antiviral; antineoplastic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Harris, M., et al.: Biophys. J., 4, 203 (1964),

Applications A deuterated prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500), which is used as an antiviral.
References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),

Applications Isotope labelled Melamine (M208703), which forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. It remains largely non-metabolized in male Wistar rats with 90% of the administered dose excreted in the urine (1,2) and thus acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive found in milk (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
References 1. Mast, R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Smith, J. et al.: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):296-308.3. Anirudhan, T. et al.: Food Chem. 2017 Jul 15;227:85-92.

Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Applications (1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-C-[4-Chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)hydroxymethyl]phenyl]-D-glucitol is an impurity of the drug Dapagliflozin (D185370), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Applications Influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitor; structural analog of the sialic acid. Antiviral.
References Woods, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 37, 1473 (1993), Pegg, M.S., et al.: Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 32, 851 (1994), Monto, A.S., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 31 (1999),