Monosaccharides

1,2:3,5-Di-O-Isopropylidene-a-L-xylofuranose is a fluorinated sugar that is used as a building block in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and oligosaccharides. It has a CAS number of 131156-47-3. 1,2:3,5-Di-O-Isopropylidene-a-L-xylofuranose is an active component in the modification of saccharide and polysaccharide structures by click chemistry. It can be modified with various functional groups such as methylation or monosaccharide to produce specific compounds. This product is available for custom synthesis.

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (TGIT) is a compound that mimics the melanoma antigen. It has been used to identify human pathogens in biological samples and has shown to have an antibody response. TGIT has also been used as a fluorescent probe for nucleic acids in analytical methods and polymerase chain reaction. This chemical can be used as a fluorescence detector in titration calorimetry. TGIT is not acutely toxic, but can cause cell lysis when combined with trifluoroacetic acid.

3-Hydroxydesloratadine b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a carbohydrate that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of saccharides. It can be modified to make it more soluble in water by adding fluorine atoms, which increases its solubility and bioavailability. 3-Hydroxydesloratadine b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is synthesized using a custom synthesis method with high purity and high yield. It has glycosylation, methylation, and click modification done on it during the synthesis process.

Methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranoside is an antiperspirant that prevents the formation of sweat. It is a mixture of two active ingredients: methyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranoside and zinc oxide. The former inhibits the formation of sweat by binding to the protein in eccrine glands and preventing it from absorbing chloride ions. Zinc oxide reduces body odor by binding to sulfur compounds that are secreted by bacteria on skin surfaces. Methyl 2,3,5-triO-benzoyl arabinofuranoside and zinc oxide are used as a combination for their complementary effects.

2-Acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucopyranose (2ADFG) is a glycosaminoglycan that inhibits the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans by binding to the enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase. It is used in cellular control experiments to determine if cells are hepatocytes or not. This compound binds to glycosaminoglycans and prevents them from being synthesized, which leads to cell death. The binding of 2ADFG also results in a decrease in cellular protein synthesis and an increase in cellular lysosomal activity.

1,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-2-O-(1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate)-a-D-ribofuranose (TBIR) is a fatty acid that is synthesized by the condensation of 1,3,5-triacetylbenzene with 2,4,6,-trichlorobenzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine and sodium methoxide. TBIR has been shown to be suitable for fabricating polyesters and polyamides. TBIR also has the ability to modify membranes. This modification occurs when TBIR reacts with phospholipids in the membrane bilayer by inserting itself into the membrane bilayer. The mesoporous nature of TBIR allows for diffusional transport through its pores as well as an increased surface area for reactions. It also has a large diameter and branched chains that make it suitable for

1,6-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a polymer that can be synthesized by copolymerizing the monomer with other reagents. The acetal linkage between the two glucose units allows for a cyclic structure, and this compound is soluble in water and methanol. 1,6-Anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-b-D-glucopyranose has been used to synthesize a variety of polymers such as polyacetals and polyesters.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6-O-trityl-b-D-mannopyranose is a synthetic sugar that can be used as a building block for the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It is also used to alter the properties of sugars and polysaccharides by modifying their glycosidic linkages. The product is insoluble in water and organic solvents. It is stable under acidic conditions and can be hydrolyzed with acids or alkalis. It is also soluble in methanol and methylene chloride. The CAS number for this product is 92621-31-3.End>

1-O-Galloyl-b-D-glucose is a molecule that is found in plants and has been used as an inhibitor of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) enzyme activities. 1OGG inhibits the growth of viruses by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of their RNA polymerases. It also inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential, which is vital for cellular respiration. 1OGG has shown to be active against urinary infections and opportunistic fungal infections such as Candida glabrata. In vitro assays have shown that it may have anti-inflammatory properties.

1,2-Di-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-5-O-toluoyl-D-ribofuranose is a synthetic sugar that can be modified to produce oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. It has a CAS number of 120143-22-8 and is composed of a sugar molecule with an acetyl group on the 2' position and toluene sulfonyl group on the 3' position. This modification can be used for glycosylation or methylation reactions. 1,2-Di-O-acetyl -3,4,6,-triaminopyrimidine is also known as fluorinated ribofuranose.

Glucose (Glu) is the most common carbohydrate on the planet, found in all living organisms and is the major source of metabolic energy for plants and animals. Glucose is a building block in numerous oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is present in blood and milk, in gangliosides and in N- and O-linked glycans (Collins, 2006). Glucose is wrongly called a simple sugar because in solution it exists in five forms: two six membered rings (α/β), two five membered rings (α/β) and a straight chain form, a system known as mutarotation (Robyt, 2012). The proportions of different glucose forms are dictated by temperature and pH. D-Glucose is optically active (dextrorotary) and L-Glucose is its enantiomer (Levorotary). Its hydroxyl groups are all equatorial, providing maximum stability, according to Hudsons rules (Hudson, 1948).

D-Salicin is a naturally occurring compound, classified as a biologically active glycoside. It is acquired from the bark of willow trees, primarily species within the genus Salix. The primary mode of action of D-Salicin involves its metabolic conversion into salicylic acid within the human body. This conversion occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream, ultimately displaying effects similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Resource for the 6-O-modification of Glc e.g. in glucuronic acid synthesis

Voglibose is a competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase used for the control of blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The compound binds reversibly to intestinal carbohydrate-active digestive enzymes with α-glucosidase activity, inhibits breakdown of complex sugars and consequently delays the absorption of glucose into blood.

3,5-Di-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone (3DBR) is a nucleoside that has been shown to have antiaging properties. It has been found to be an effective scavenger of peroxyl radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). 3DBR also inhibits the formation of aluminum oxide and styrene by catalyzing the salt formation reaction. This compound also has anti-tumour activity and can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. It is heat resistant and can be combined with gemcitabine hydrochloride in chemotherapy.

Mannose (Man) is the C2 epimer of glucose with one hydroxyl group axial which by Hudsons rules makes it slightly less stable than glucose (Hudson, 1948). However, mannose is very common in plants and animals, and occurs in many polysaccharides, such as, galactomannans (e.g. Guar, Locust Bean Gum), mananns (e.g. Ivory Nut Mannan), Spruce Galactoglucomannan, Gum Ghatti (Whistler, 1993) and baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Manners, 1973). Mannose is one of the key mammalian monosaccharides (Glucose, Galactose, Mannose, Fucose, N-Acetyl Glucosamine, N-Acetyl galactosamine and Sialic acid) and occurs in N-linked glycans where it is a core oligosaccharide (Gabius, 2009).

D-Galactono-1,4-lactone is an intermediate in the galactose catabolism pathway. It is an acidic compound that can be found in plants and bacteria. D-Galactono-1,4-lactone has been shown to inhibit enzyme activities when it is present at high concentrations. This compound also inhibits the enzyme carbon source, which is involved in the conversion of glucose to energy. The deuterium isotope effect on the inhibition of enzyme activity by D-galactono-1,4-lactone has been studied extensively using plant phytochemicals such as triticum aestivum.

Glucose 6-phosphatase substrate

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl amine is an artificial carbohydrate with a fluorinated sugar. It is synthesized by reacting 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl chloride with ammonia and methyl iodide. The compound can be used to modify the sugar residues of glycosides or polysaccharides. It has been shown to have high purity and can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.