Monosaccharides

Peonidin-3-O-galactoside chloride is a natural product that can be found in many plants, such as the genus Peonia, and is also commonly found in wine. It has been shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase in vitro and may have potential as a dietary supplement. The surface methodology used to study the interaction of protocatechuic acid with caco-2 cells was efficient and showed the ability of this compound to interact with fatty acids. This interaction could be related to its health effects, which have been studied using cell culture methods. The dietary intake of protocatechuic acid has been shown to reduce blood pressure in rats, but it is unclear if this effect would occur in humans because of the lack of a suitable animal model for human studies.

1,3,5-O-Methylidyne-myo-inositol is a cyclic sugar alcohol, which is naturally derived from various plant sources, including certain fruits and grains. As a stereoisomer of inositol, it represents a specific structural form that contributes to its unique properties and potential biological activities. The compound operates through modulating cellular signaling pathways, particularly those related to phosphoinositide metabolism, influencing intracellular calcium levels, and affecting lipid signaling cascades.This compound is primarily explored for its potential role in neurological health and its capacity to influence insulin signaling pathways. It has been investigated for applications in managing conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), mood disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its intricate involvement in cellular signaling networks, 1,3,5-O-Methylidyne-myo-inositol holds promise in furthering understanding of complex biological processes and for therapeutic development in metabolic and neurological disorders. Research continues to explore its efficacy and mechanisms of action to better establish its role in health and disease.

1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-trimethylsilyl-a-D-galactopyranose is a modification of the sugar galactose. It is a complex carbohydrate and an oligosaccharide that has been custom synthesized. The molecular weight of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-trimethylsilyl-a-D-galactopyranose is 592.77 g/mol. The purity of this compound is >99%. This compound has been fluorinated and saccharide methylated.

D-Lyxosylamine is a drug that has been shown to have anticancer activity against leishmania species. It inhibits the growth of the parasite by binding to the lectin, sialic, and glycoconjugates on the surface of cells. This inhibition leads to a blockage in the transport of glucose and amino acids, which are essential for cell growth and replication. D-Lyxosylamine has also been shown to have anti-leukemic effects, which may be due to its ability to kill lymphocytic leukemia cells. The drug was administered orally in a clinical trial with human volunteers in order to test its effectiveness against Leishmania major infections. D-Lyxosylamine administered at 50mg/kg/day for 28 days had no significant effect on Leishmania major infection rates.

L-glucose is a monosaccharide that is an important source of energy for the human body. The glucose molecule consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms. Glucose enters cells with the help of insulin and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. It has been shown that L-glucose can inhibit viral replication in vitro, such as HIV and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). L-Glucose may be used to treat squamous carcinoma by reducing the redox potential in cancer cells. L-Glucose inhibits the growth of c. glabrata by inhibiting transcription activators and enzymes involved in glycolysis. L-Glucose also has hypoglycemic effects on humans by reducing cortisol concentrations in human serum.

Methyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic sugar that has been modified with fluorine. It is an important building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. Methyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranoside can be used to modify saccharides and oligosaccharides, as well as to add fluorine atoms to glycosyl units. This modification can be done using a click chemistry reaction with azide functionalized molecules. The chemical structure of Methyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranoside is shown below:

Predominant glycosylated metabolite of Salicylic Acid

2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranose is a carbohydrate that can be synthesized through an efficient method. It is a glycoside with an oxotitanium (oxo) group. The synthesis of this compound requires magnesium as the activating agent and o-glycosylation. The glycoconjugates of this compound are found in organisms such as fungi, yeast, and bacteria. In addition to its carbohydrate function, 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribofuranose has been shown to have antimicrobial properties. This sugar has also been shown to have antiviral properties due to its ability to inhibit the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR).

6-Bromo-6-deoxy-D-glucose is a sugar that is used to study the function of glucose transporters in cellular membranes. This compound has been shown to be a substrate for glucose transporters, where it binds in a nucleophilic manner. 6-Bromo-6-deoxy-D-glucose has been used as an inhibitor of glucose transport and as an x-ray crystal structure model for studying the binding mechanism of glucose transporters. 6-Bromo-6-deoxy-D-glucose has also been used to study the reaction system between glucose and sodium hydrogen carbonate, which is important for understanding how cells regulate blood sugar levels.

Xylose (Xyl) is an aldopentose also known as wood sugar (Collins, 2006). The main sources of xylose are hemicelluloses found in hardwood and perennial plants, such as, grasses, cereals, and herbs (Petzold-Welcke, 2014) and some algae. Xylose is used in the production of xylitol, a low calory sugar substitute. Xylose is used in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis, which is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core proteins. The first enzyme in the pathway, peptide O-xylosyltransferase, catalyzes the transfer of xylose from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-α-D-xylose onto serine and thus determines the site(s) of GAG attachment on the core protein (Briggs, 2018).

Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a methylated sugar used as an inhibitor of lectin-conjugate binding. It is commonly used in protein purification for eluting glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates from affinity chromatography columns of agarose lectin. In addition, Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside can be used in the mannosylation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for vaccine or drug delivery which targets Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) through mannose receptors. Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is also known as Methyl alpha-D-mannoside or alpha-Methyl-D-mannoside.

2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide is a glycosylation reagent that can be used in the synthesis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. It is also used to modify sugars with methyl and fluorination reagents. 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide has CAS number 434868 9.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide is a chemical compound that is used as an acetylating agent in organic synthesis. It is produced by the reaction of pyridine and acetic anhydride with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The acetylation process takes place in two steps: first, the pyridine reacts with the acetic anhydride to form 4-(pyridinium) acetate; second, this intermediate reacts with sodium hydroxide to form 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide. Acetylation reactions are important because they can be used to introduce functional groups onto molecules that would not otherwise have them. Acetylated compounds are also often more soluble in water than nonacetylated compounds. This product is used in medicines and other chemical processes.

Methyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-a-D-mannopyranoside HCl is a potent antioxidant that has been shown to protect cells from lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. It also inhibits the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals. This compound has been shown to have protection against oxidative stress in cell culture studies. Methyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-a-D-mannopyranoside HCl is an inhibitor of the enzyme catalase, which may be responsible for its antioxidant activity. This compound also inhibits population growth in an aerobic environment, as well as catalase and dismutase activity in a population of bacteria. Methyl 3-amino-3-deoxy-a-D-mannopyranoside HCl is resistant to solanum tuberosum and solanum tuberosum extract and is oxidized by peroxidases found in plants.

1-O-Methyl-β-D-glucuronic acid is a β-glucuronidase inducer.

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1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-L-mannopyranose is a carbohydrate that is synthesized by the modification of the glycosylation process. It is a methylated and fluorinated oligosaccharide with a high purity. This product is available for custom synthesis in order to meet specific customer requirements.

Ethyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a high purity custom synthesis sugar. This product contains the Click modification, fluorination and glycosylation modifications. It can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, monosaccharides and saccharides. Ethyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidenebDthiogalactopyranoside is used to synthesize complex carbohydrates.

2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-glucohydroximo-1,5-lactone is a methylated sugar. It is a white to off white powder with a molecular weight of 518. The chemical formula for 2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy--D--glucohydroximo--1,5--lactone is C16H26N2O8 and the structural formula is as follows:br>