Monosaccharides

1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol is a synthetic molecule that inhibits the enzyme glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) and blocks the synthesis of purines. 1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol has been shown to be potent in inhibiting GART with an IC50 of 0.3 μM. This inhibitory effect was observed in Sprague Dawley rats after oral administration of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5 imino D xylitol at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The inhibition was found to be specific for amination reactions that are catalyzed by GART and not by other enzymes such as glycine amidinotransferase or adenylate kinase. It can be used to study the structure and function of tissue cells.

Mogroside II A2 is a fructan that is found in the fruit of the plant Glycosmis erythrorhiza, which is a member of the family Rutaceae. This compound has been shown to have immune-modulating properties and is used as an ingredient in some pharmaceutical drugs. Mogroside II A2 has also been demonstrated to have antiviral activity and may be helpful for cancer treatment. The effects of this compound on kidney fibrosis are unclear; however, it does have anti-inflammatory properties.

4'-Hydroxytrazodone b-D-glucuronide is a modification of the drug 4'-hydroxytrazodone, which is used to treat hypertension and depression. The modification prevents the degradation of 4'-hydroxytrazodone by glucuronyl transferase enzymes in the liver, prolonging its half-life. It is synthesized from the glycogen or starch of plants such as corn, wheat, or potatoes. This compound can also be found in natural sources such as honey and fruit juices.

(R)-Naproxen acyl-b-D-glucuronide benzyl ester is a custom-synthesized molecule. The synthesis of this compound is accomplished by the modification of naproxen, which is a commercially available drug. The fluorination and methylation steps are accomplished to provide a more potent drug. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. The NSAIDs are metabolized in the liver by oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Naproxen undergoes a number of metabolic transformations including fragmentation, which can be detected using an MS/MS analyzer. Naproxen acyl-b-D-glucuronide is an oxidative metabolite of naproxen that has been shown to have high uptake into mammalian cells and bioconcentrates in fish. This metabolite has also been shown to be metabolized in the liver by conjugation with glucuronic acid.

Cis-Zeatin-9-glucoside is a plant hormone known as a cytokinin, which is primarily synthesized in plants such as Zea mays (corn) and other monocots. Cytokinins play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development by promoting cell division, influencing nutrient allocation, and delaying leaf senescence. The mode of action of cis-Zeatin-9-glucoside involves its role as a signaling molecule that interacts with specific receptors in plant cells, thereby triggering a cascade of gene expression changes that modulate physiological processes.

3,5-O-Isopropylidene-L-arabinofuranose is a sugar that is used in the synthesis of saccharides. It is a monosaccharide that can be modified by fluorination, methylation, and custom synthesis. This product has been shown to be an excellent substrate for click chemistry and can be used as an intermediate in the production of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 3,5-O-Isopropylidene-L-arabinofuranose has a high purity level and can be used as a replacement for other sugars in complex carbohydrate synthesis.

3-Azido-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene a D-ribofuranose (3ABI) is a synthetic monosaccharide that can be synthesized via a custom synthesis. 3ABI is an oligosaccharide that has the ability to modify glycosylation and polysaccharide synthesis. The fluorination of this sugar provides it with high purity and stability. 3ABI has been shown to have a CAS number of 44793-23-2.

D-Xylonic acid lithium salt is a redox potential regulator that belongs to the class of nucleotide phosphate. It has been shown to inhibit the transcriptional regulation of genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. D-Xylonic acid lithium salt inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to a hydroxyl group on the surface of bacterial cells, which disrupts the cell membrane and causes cell death. This drug also has film-forming properties and can be used as a model system for studying glycolaldehyde, an intermediate in sugar metabolism.