Composés et métabolites pharmaceutiques et vétérinaires

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate (pentahydrate) acts as an activator of the hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) and serves as an epigenetic regulator that induces lysine residue lactylation. This compound, a glycolysis end product, bridges the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and functions as a tumor metabolite with immunoprotective effects of lactate in antitumor immunity.

L-Sepiapterin aids in making BH4, a coenzyme essential for eNOS, enhancing artery function and angiogenesis, while suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth.

13(R)-HODE, produced from linoleic acid, inhibits platelet aggregation (IC50=2.7μM) and is found in bovine endothelial cells.

LXA5 is made from EPA by leukocytes, contracts guinea pig lungs like LXA4/LXB4, but doesn't dilate aorta.

Miaosporone A: angucyclic quinone, cytotoxic to MCF-7, NCI-H187, Vero cells; anti-TB and anti-malaria with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 2.5 μM.

15-keto-Prostaglandin E2, an endogenous metabolite, inhibits STAT3 activation through binding to Cys259 and regulates breast cancer cell growth and progression.

c-di-GMP sodium: STING activator, regulates bacteria biofilm, motility, virulence.

Porphobilinogen act as a phytotoxin, a metabotoxin, and a neurotoxin.

1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol (DG(15:0/15:0/0:0)) is a compound referenced in studies examining the effect of insulin on the content of 1,2-diacylglycerol in rat hearts. Insulin is observed to increase the amount of 1,2-diacylglycerol containing specific fatty acid compositions in the heart, which may be linked to cardiac contractility.

3β,7β-Dihydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid is a C27 acid whose levels are elevated in Niemann-Pick Type C and B diseases, leading to toxicity in ocular motor neurons. It is synthesized by the enzymatic action of hydroxysteroid 11-β dehydrogenase 1 from 3β-hydroxy-7-oxocholest-5-en-(25R)26-enoic acid (3βH,7O-CA).

3-Benzylidenecamphor, a UV absorber, is noted for its excellent photostability and antioxidant activity. It is extensively utilized in sunscreen products to shield the skin from UV damage. Additionally, 3-Benzylidenecamphor is used in cosmetics to enhance product shelf life and safety.

SAR114137 is a highly effective pharmaceutical compound characterized by potent bioactivity. It exhibits variations in its amorphous content during the physical processing of crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The amorphous API content of SAR114137 significantly decreases when subjected to various jet milling techniques. Additionally, SAR114137 demonstrates good chemical stability in drug formulations.

RO5101576 is a potent antagonist of LTB4 receptor.

Substituted piperidines-1 can promote the release of growth hormone in humans and animals.

EpoY (SD-142) is an irreversible inhibitor of the primary brain microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (TCP), a complex formed by vasohibin-1 (VASH1) and small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP). By inhibiting TCP with an IC50 value of approximately 500 nM, EpoY effectively reduces the levels of detyrosinated α-tubulin, which is crucial for microtubule dynamics and neuronal differentiation. This inhibition results in significant differentiation defects and is linked to potential issues related to cancer and cardiomyopathy.

MRS4458 is an effective inhibitor of the P2Y14 Receptor.

Diethylumbelliferyl phosphate (DEUP) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cholesterol esterase that does not inhibit protein kinase A activity in vitro. It disrupts steroidogenesis by blocking cholesterol transport to mitochondria in steroidogenic cells, with an IC50 of 11.6 μM. This compound may also limit the absorption of dietary cholesterol.

(S)-CPP sodium serves as an inhibitor of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) kinase, commonly referred to as BDK or keto acid dehydrogenase kinase. As a negative regulator of BCKDC activity, (S)-CPP (IC50 of 6.3 μM) inhibits BDK, which activates the complex, leading to a significant reduction in the levels of leucine/isoleucine and valine in the plasma of wild-type mice.

Cephapirinlactone is a metabolite of the antibiotic Cephapirin.

9-cis-β-Carotene, a precursor of retinal, is cleaved by beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) to produce 9-cis-retinal.

RBM14C12 is a compound known for its cell signaling activity. It plays a crucial role in researching lipid metabolism and cell membrane structure. Additionally, RBM14C12 can be utilized in the development of novel compounds aimed at modulating the biological mechanisms associated with lipid-related diseases.

2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is typically not found in extracts of normal human urine and is present only in trace amounts in newborns, while cases of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency consistently exhibit elevated levels of this metabolite.

3-Oxochenodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous metabolite detectable in feces and may serve as a diagnostic marker for various diseases, including COVID-19.

UM-3006 is a potent TLR7/8 agonist that enhances immune responses by activating the TLR signaling pathway. This compound holds significant research and application potential in the fields of vaccine adjuvants and immune diseases.

3-Ferrocenylpropionic anhydride is extensively used in compound synthesis, serving as an intermediary for producing various bioactive compounds. Additionally, by modulating specific enzyme activities, 3-Ferrocenylpropionic anhydride has demonstrated potential anti-tumor properties.

7α,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol ((3β,7α,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,7,24-triol) acts as a ligand for liver X receptors (LXR), specifically binding to the ligand-binding domains of LXRα and LXRβ. This compound is synthesized through the E-α,β-unsaturated ketone process, starting with arsindole and J-secondary-butyl dimethylsiloxy-bis-positive-5-cholestenal as the initial materials. It undergoes a series of transformations to produce 7α,24(S)-dihydroxycholesterol.

Dioctanoylphosphatidic acid sodium serves as a modulator of phagocyte respiratory bursts, a precursor to diacylglycerol and lyso-phosphatidic acid, and influences the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Additionally, it enhances the viability of gallbladder cancer cells inhibited by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI). This compound is derived from glycerophospholipids through the action of phospholipase D.

15:0 PG sodium serves as an activator for the Protein Kinase C family and is an anionic phospholipid located in the membranes of mitochondria and microsomes. It plays a crucial role in the composition of pulmonary surfactants, especially within the membrane of the pulmonary lamellar bodies.

OH-α-PVP (OH-α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone) TFA is a metabolite of α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, which is a synthetic cathinone stimulant.

9(S)-HETE is an enantiomer of (±)9-HETE, not an enzymatic product, and doesn't promote cell adhesion like 12(S)-HETE. Identified by chiral HPLC.

Rostratin B, a cytotoxic disulfide, demonstrates in vitro cytotoxicity against human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.9 μg/mL.

<p>Fusarisetin A, a pentacyclic fungal metabolite, is an acinar morphogenesis inhibitor .</p>

<p>Magnesium ionophore III (ETH 4030) is an ion carrier that regulates intracellular magnesium ion concentrations. It enhances cellular functions and metabolic activities by increasing the permeability of cell membranes to magnesium ions. Additionally, Magnesium ionophore III is utilized in research to explore the significance of magnesium ions in biological processes and their impact on cellular physiology.</p>

S-MTC acetate (S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline acetate) serves as a potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthases and is especially effective in inhibiting the constitutive (neuronal) type rather than the inducible (endothelial) type.

DOCP (2-((2,3-Bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate) is a lipid characterized by an opposite charge orientation compared to traditional phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, featuring quaternary ammonium near the bilayer interface and phosphate groups projecting into the aqueous environment. This unique structure of iPC lipids presents an excellent opportunity to investigate the biophysical characteristics and biological activities influenced by the reversal of surface charges on bilayers.

Rostratin A, a disulfide from Exserohilum rostratum, is cytotoxic to HCT-116 cells with an IC50 of 8.5 μg/mL.

Sphingomyelin (d18:1/12:0) is a polar lipid known for its role in modulating cell signal transduction. It plays a critical role in cell membranes, influencing their fluidity and stability. Additionally, sphingomyelin (d18:1/12:0) is involved in lipid metabolism and has potential in promoting neuronal cell growth. This compound is essential for the functioning and development of the nervous system.

<p>Mesembrine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is also a weak inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4).</p>

D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid is a crucial metabolic intermediate known for its role in enhancing cellular energy metabolism and regulating biosynthesis. It plays a key role in both glycolysis and photosynthesis, which are essential for cellular energy supply. Additionally, D-2-Phosphoglyceric acid serves as a biomarker for monitoring metabolic states in various organisms.

<p>Pyrocatechol sulfate, a phenolic metabolite found in human plasma, is associated with the intake of specific foods such as berries and the state of the gut microbiome. It serves as a potential urinary biomarker for kidney function, dialysis clearance rates, whole grain consumption, and regular coffee intake. Additionally, in conjunction with other phenolic sulfates, pyrocatechol sulfate plays a role in regulating various biological functions, including those related to brain health and the rhythmic beating of cardiac cells.</p>

IDX375 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor that selectively targets the HCV NS5B enzyme. It shows promising selectivity for genotypes 1a and 1b. The structure and binding sites of IDX375 have been confirmed through X-ray co-crystallization studies.

7(Z),11(Z)-Nonacosadiene, a female fly pheromone, spurs male courtship; it's a C29 diene made by a female-specific elongase.

MCTR3, derived from DHA via maresin 1 in macrophages, hastens tissue healing and reduces inflammation and eicosanoids post-E. coli infection in mice.

YM-355179 is a novel, selective antagonist of CC chemokine receptor 3 with oral activity.

Isoprostanes are produced by the non-enzymatic, free radical peroxidation of phospholipid-esterified arachidonic acid.

AubipyOMe serves as an effective inhibitor of Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5), a metalloenzyme identified in activated osteoclasts and macrophages. It exhibits inhibitory IC50 values of 1.3 μM against TRAP5a and 1.8 μM against TRAP5b. Additionally, it effectively suppresses TRAP activity in extracts from mouse macrophages and human lung tissues.

Homomoschatoline is an antibacterial isolated from Artabotrys crassifolius.

4-Amino-3-hydroxyphenylalanine (4-AHP) is a photodegradation product of eumelanin. It can be utilized in research focused on the formation of cutaneous melanoma and age-related macular degeneration.

(+)-Potassium Ds-threo-isocitrate monobasic is a bioactive compound known for its role in enhancing cellular metabolism and regulating energy production. This substance is also utilized in researching metabolic pathways and the regulation of enzyme activities. Widely applied in biochemical research, (+)-Potassium Ds-threo-isocitrate monobasic is studied for its potential functions in cellular processes and disease mechanisms.

RvE4, a bioactive lipid from eicosapentaenoic acid and synthesized by 15-LO, is anti-inflammatory and boosts efferocytosis in human macrophages.

22-Hydroxy Mifepristone (RU 42698) is an orally active hydroxylated alcohol metabolite that exhibits both anti-progestational and anti-glucocorticoid activities. This compound contains an alkyne group and is capable of undergoing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with azide-containing molecules. Furthermore, 22-Hydroxy Mifepristone demonstrates a relative binding affinity of 48% to the human glucocorticoid receptor.

Zaragozic acid C is an effective inhibitor of squalene synthase.

Tauro-ω-muricholic acid sodium (TωMCA sodium) is an analogue of tauro-α-muricholic acid, a bile acid of hepatic origin.

9(Z),12(E)-Octadecadienoic Acid (C18:2(9E,12Z); C18:2 n-6), an isomer of linoleic acid, is a type of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing a trans double bond at the C9 position. It is identified as a minor component in milk fat and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The concentration of 9(Z),12(E)-Octadecadienoic Acid in rabbit meat increases following supplementation with heated sunflower seed oil, α-tocopherol acetate, and zinc.

GNTI TFA is a selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist.

Slow isomerization of the C-11 double bond of LTE4 leads to the formation of 11-trans LTE4. 11-trans LTE4 is equipotent to LTE4 in contracting guinea pig ileum.

<p>Toladryl is a derivative of Diphenhydramine that can cross the blood-brain barrier and exhibits oral activity, with antihistamine and anticholinergic properties. Its anticholinergic effects are approximately a tenth of those seen with Diphenhydramine, yet it offers 2-4 times the protection against lethal doses of histamine in guinea pigs. The side effects of Toladryl are fewer and milder compared to Diphenhydramine; however, at higher doses, it may cause symptoms such as insomnia, agitation, and disorientation related to the central nervous system. Toladryl is utilized in the research of allergic diseases.</p>

Lumirubin is a water-soluble photoproduct of bilirubin formed in vivo during phototherapy.

RS 61756-007 is a selective thromboxane receptor (TP) agonist.

CS-003 HCl is a TNRA - triple neurokinin receptor antagonist.

δ-CEHC, a δ-tocopherol metabolite, exhibits antioxidant activity [1].

Boc 3 Arg is a tert-butyl carbamate-protected arginine compound. It serves as an efficient tag that induces degradation by directly targeting proteins to the 20S proteasome.

13,14-EDT is an oxylipin and a metabolite of adrenic acid, produced via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway.

<p>7-Hydroxychlorpromazine, an active metabolite of Chlorpromazine, can reversibly counteract the suppression of regionally dense dopaminergic neurons induced by Amphetamine.</p>

Methyl dotriacontanoate (C32:0 FAME; Lacceric acid methyl ester) is a naturally occurring fatty acid methyl ester found in the cuticular wax of P. abies needles. It is also present in sediment samples from the Suwannee River in Florida and Lake Kivu in the East African Rift.

NADH-IN-2 (compound 8) is a Type II NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor.

<p>Estradiol 3-glucuronide is an immunogen with antigenic properties. The antiserum induced in rabbits exhibits high affinity and specificity for Estradiol 3-glucuronide. This compound shows promise for use in research involving radioimmunoassay.</p>

8-Oxo-dATP can be hydrolyzed to its monophosphate form by the oxidation of purine nucleoside triphosphate MTH1, preventing erroneous incorporation during DNA replication or transcription.

<p>Homodestcardin: cyclic depsipeptide from T. roseum with immunosuppressant properties; inhibits mouse T cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Urobilin hydrochloride, a metabolic byproduct of Hemoglobin, is excreted through urine and feces in various mammals. It also serves as an indicator of human waste contamination.</p>

1-Phenylethanamine, a potential central nervous system stimulant related to β-phenylethylamine (β-phenylethylamine), exhibits diminished glycogenolysis activity in the brain due to its benzene ring being replaced by an indole group. This reduction in activity makes it useful for investigating how the chemical structure of phenylethylamine derivatives influences their effects on the central nervous system. Additionally, 1-Phenylethanamine is also utilized in the synthesis of the tyrosine kinase (tyrosine kinase) inhibitor CLM3.

D-Citrulline (H-D-Cit-OH), a stereoisomer of L-citrulline, effectively reduces cardiac contractile dysfunction caused by polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in isolated perfused rat hearts undergoing ischemia/reperfusion. This protective effect is mediated through a non-NO-mediated mechanism.

JX237 is an SLC6A19 inhibitor, a transporter protein that neutralizes amino acid uptake by the liver, and can be used in the study of cardiovascular disease.

8-Dehydrocholesterol is a compound whose elevated concentration is a diagnostic biochemical hallmark of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.

<p>3-Hydroxy-4-aminopyridine is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66009 and the CAS number is 52334-53-9.</p>

Dichloroiodomethane is a natural compound found in human beings[1].

L-Cysteine S-sulfate sodium salt sesquihydrate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64782 and the CAS number is 150465-29-5.

N1,N8-Diacetylspermidine hydrochloride is a polyamine found in human urine.

1-Arachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophospholipid (LyP).

<p>3-Deoxy-galactosone, a 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, originates from the degradation of galactose. It forms in food during Maillard and caramelization reactions.</p>

<p>1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)-piperazine (DCPP) is a potent DHCR7 inhibitor. DHCR7 is the last enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.</p>

<p>O-Allylvanillin, an O-allylchalcone derivative, exhibits anti-cancer properties by inhibiting the growth of THP-1, HL60, Hep-G2, and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 74.76 μM, 63.52 μM, 90.99 μM, and 90.11 μM, respectively [1].</p>

<p>2-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67426 and the CAS number is 4376-18-5.</p>

GDP-D-mannose disodium is a natural product for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T65209.

<p>L-Glyceric acid sodium, a urinary metabolite, is predominantly found in individuals with the rare inherited metabolic disorder L-glyceric aciduria. This compound is a diagnostic tool for identifying primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and distinguishing it from primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) based on its excretion pattern.</p>

2-Methylcitric acid trisodium (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle, which accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias.

<p>Neuraminic acid: acidic amino sugar, 9 carbon chain, from pyruvic acid + D-mannosamine, in active mucoproteins.</p>

(±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64563 and the CAS number is 51898-34-1.

4-Nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminide is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67691 and the CAS number is 14948-96-0.

(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an important interorgan metabolite.

<p>Beta-Cortol is a metabolite of androgen present in adults.</p>

MRS2802 is a P2Y14 receptor agonist, its EC50 value for P2Y14 receptor is 63 nM.

3,5-Dibromotyrosine is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65914 and the CAS number is 300-38-9.

Vitamin D3 octanoate, an ester derived from vitamin D3, is commonly known as cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol is a naturally occurring form of vitamin D with notable properties such as inducing cell differentiation and impeding cancer cell proliferation.

Creatinine-D3 is a deuterium-labeled Creatinine which is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle.

Lichenase, an enzyme, breaks down β-glucans in grains into GOS, aiding polysaccharide degradation in cell walls.

<p>4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile) shows strong antioxidative activity.</p>