Peptides

<p>IL 4 is a cytokine that is responsible for the proliferation and activation of B cells, T cells, macrophages and other immune cells. IL 4 binds to the high affinity receptor IL-4Rα. It also activates the membrane bound IL-4Rβ. The IL-4Rα is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha chain, which is shared by all members of the type II cytokine receptor family, and the common beta chain shared by all type I cytokines receptors. IL-4 has been shown to be effective in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo and in vitro.</p>

<p>Vascular lipid deposition and altered lipid profiles are typical when unregulated angiogenesis is occurring, it is often seen in vascular disorders such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein a (ApoA) functions as part of the lipid transporter complex high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to ensure lipid homeostasis and therefore the balance of angiogenesis. Within ApoA the Kringle5 (KV) domain (67 - 77), also known as KV11, has been identified as the region of ApoA that exerts anti-angiogenic effect. KV11 was shown in tumour cells to inhibit angiogenesis and consequently inhibits tumour progression. KV11 targets the angiogenesis c-Src/ERK pathway by blocking the activation signals received from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). KV11 provides a new research potential for an anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumour therapeutic agent.</p>

<p>Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by β cells of the pancreatic islets that regulates carbohydrates metabolism. It is a heterodimer of an A-chain and a B-chain, which are linked together by disulfide bonds. Insulin stimulates the absorption of glucose from the blood into fat, muscle and liver cells where it is converted into either glycogen or fat.Insulin is secreted in the blood as a response to high level of blood glucose resulting in enhanced glucose uptake and metabolism in the cells so to reduce blood glucose levels. Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in many tissues. Low blood insulin levels result in catabolism, particularly of reserve body fat. A decrease or absence of insulin activity results in diabetes mellitus, a condition of high blood sugar level (hyperglycaemia).N-terminal chain B labelled with AF488. AF488 dye is a bright, green-fluorescent dye with excitation maxima around 490 and emission maxima around 525. AF488 dye is pH-insensitive over a wide molar range.</p>

<p>GPS1573 is a potent and dose-dependent peptide antagonist of adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) -stimulated melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R). Along with GPS1574, GPS1773 is an ACTH analogue and as such antagonises MC2R in the nanomolar range.The clinical relevance of GPS1573 is related to Cushing's disease and syndrome, which are both associated with a hypercortisolemic state. Selective antagonism of MC2R using GPS1573 may be a novel treatment modality for Cushing's disease and syndrome.</p>

<p>Biotin-PEG2-Claudin-3 is derived from the tight junction protein Claudin-3 which is encoded by the CLDN3 gene located on chromosome 7q11.23 and can be found within epithelial cell to cell contacts. Structurally, the Claudin family are transmembrane proteins containing two extracellular loops and are involved in maintaining cell polarity and controlling paracellular ion flux.During cancer research reduction in the number of Claudins has been associated with tumour formation. This could be explained using Claudin role in maintaining cell detachment and migration although cancers such as breast and prostate have shown to overexpress both Claudin- 3 and Claudin-4. Similarly in ovarian cancer overexpression of Claudin 3 and 4 is thought to increase the motility of tumour cells and their survival through basement membrane degrading matrix metalloproteinase activation.Both Claudin 3 and 4 have potential to be used as diagnostic markers and their two extracellular loops may be used as targets for antibodies. As receptors for the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, Claudin 3 and 4 may have further use in targeting the enterotoxin as a therapeutic for ovarian cancers.This peptide has a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification and contains a polyethylene glycol spacer (PEG2).</p>

<p>MOCAc-Pro-Cha-Gly-Nva-His-Ala-Dap(Dnp)-NH2 is a peptide that inhibits the activity of various proteases, including collagenase, MMPs and stromelysin. It has been shown to inhibit cancer cells in vitro and to reduce tumor growth in vivo. MOCAc-Pro-Cha-Gly-Nva-His-Ala-Dap(Dnp)-NH2 may be useful for the treatment of angiogenesis and metastasis, which are hallmarks of cancer.<br>MOCAc is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes that break down the extracellular matrix and basement membrane during tissue remodeling. MOCAc inhibits both type I (collagenases) and type II (gelatinases) collagenase activity, as well as other proteolytic activities such as stromelysin or elast</p>

<p>Substance P (SP) is a peptide that is highly conserved across the animal kingdom and is involved in a number of inflammatory and growth promoting processes. SP has a net positive charge at physiological pH, it is an amphiphilic peptide with positively charged residues at the N-terminus and hydrophobic residues at the C-terminus, this controls how it interacts with cell membranes. SP is relatively stable in plasma (several hours) but has a short half-life in tissues (seconds/minutes).SP is encoded by the TAC1 gene and is a member of the tachykinin peptide hormone family. SP is expressed by many cell types including: neurons- astrocytes- microglia- epithelial cells- endothelial cells- immune cells such as T cells and macrophages- dendritic cells and eosinophils and some stem cells and progenitor cells. The huge variety of cell types expressing SP suggest it is involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions.SP mediates its functions by interacting with members of the neurokinin (NK) family of G protein-coupled receptors with high selectivity. Among these, SP binds to NK1R with the highest affinity, this receptor is expressed in a wide range of tissue types.[5-FAM]-Substance P contains 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.</p>

<p>Alpha-2-antiplasmin (alpha2AP), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is the main inhibitor of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin as well as an inhibitor of trypsin, elastase, and C protein. It plays a crucial role in reducing plasmin production and activity and thus inhibiting fibrinolysis.alpha2AP is synthesized in the liver and secreted as a single-chain glycoprotein, containing 11-14% carbohydrate, with a methionine (Met) as its N-terminus (Met-alpha2AP). The N-terminus of alpha2AP is involved in the incorporation of alpha2AP into a clot and the C-terminus is involved in the initial interaction of alpha2AP with plasmin(ogen). Circulating alpha2AP undergoes both N-and C-terminal modifications, which alter its activity. Increased concentrations of a2AP are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.</p>

<p>M-CSF is a protein that is involved in the regulation of the immune system. It is an activator of macrophages, and it also binds to receptors on cells of the immune system. It can be used as a research tool for studying how cells communicate with each other, and how certain proteins interact with each other. M-CSF is also an antibody that can bind to ion channels and other proteins. This antibody can be used for pharmacological studies to find inhibitors for specific proteins or peptides. M-CSF has been shown to have effects on many different types of cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for thrombin that when in its intact state does not fluoresce, however upon cleavage by thrombin in 2 successive steps, Rhodamine 110 is released to allow fluorescence.Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease and is the principal enzyme of hemostasis. It catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and activates procoagulant factors V, VIII, XI, and XIII. When bound to thrombomodulin, it activates protein C, an anticoagulant zymogen. Thrombin also activates platelets, regulates endothelial cell function, and has a host of direct actions on other cells. Thrombin has been found to act as a mediator of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Thrombin contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes and promotes vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Thrombin is elevated in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and therefore may be a therapeutic target in AD.</p>

<p>Glycine proline (Gly-Pro) dipeptide is a bioactive collagen hydrolysate. Ingestion of collagen hydrolysate improves skin health. Gly-Pro ingestion specifically attenuates UVB-induced damage including wrinkle formation, trans-epidermal water loss, and epidermis thickness- Gly-Pro also increases skin hydration.</p>

<p>Glucagon (1-29)-[Lys(AF647)] is derived from glucagon, which is a peptide hormone secreted by alpha cells located in the islet of Langerhans region of the pancreas. Glucagon is an essential catabolic hormone that is responsible for the regulation of blood glucose levels. Once released into the bloodstream, glucagon stimulates the production of hepatic glucose, which means it is considered to be a glucose-mobilizing agent. Excessive levels of glucagon can result in the development of hyperglycaemia, since the action of glucagon results in abnormally high blood glucose levels.This peptide contains AF647, structural analog to Alexa Fluor® 647 which is a widely used far-red fluorescent dye.</p>

<p>Peptide H-L^GPLVEQGR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

Peptide H-VAQELEEK^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

<p>Ac-His-D-Phe(p-Iodo)-Arg-Trp-NH2 is a peptide that binds to the melanocortin receptor. It is a potent antagonist of MSH and related peptides and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancer, including melanoma.</p>

<p>Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that utilizes autoinducing peptide (AIP) signals to regulate virulence. Methods to intercept bacterial quorum sensing (QS) aim to find novel anti-virulence treatments.Auto-inducing peptide (AIP) is a cyclic thiolactone quorum sensing peptide from Staphylococcus aureus which is responsible for activating the agr response. AIP is released from the bacteria and its extracellular concentration is then sensed by a two-component system on the bacterial surface, AgrC and AgrA. AgrC is the membrane histidine kinase receptor and AgrA is a response regulator- upon binding of AIP, AgrC phosphorylates AgrA.AIP accumulates during growth activating an AgrC and AgrA cascade when it reaches a critical signal level. This cascade activates P2 and P3 promoters which autoactivate the agr system and upregulate RNAIII transcription. RNAIII regulates the expression of virulence factors including toxins, super-antigens, and exo-enzymes. Extensive research to identify AIP:AgrC inhibitors aims to find therapeutics against pathogens.AgrD is the precursor peptide of AIP, and AgrB is an integral membrane endopeptidase essential to biosynthesize AIP. This AIP system is conserved among many Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus strains are categorized into four groups (I-IV) according to their AIP signal and cognate extracellular receptor, AgrC. Each group is associated with a certain disease profile,  S. aureus group-IV strains have been associated with generalized exfoliative syndromes and osteoarticular infections.  AIP-IV has been used to develop antibodies and an effective ELISA help detect AIP-IV levels in the nanomolar range. This can be implemented to identify S. aureus type IV infections in patient samples.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Met-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin that has been synthesized by the Fmoc group. The resin is used to attach peptides, proteins and other organic molecules to a solid support for use in research. The resin is also an activator of ligands and can be used as a receptor for the binding of antibodies. The resin has high purity and is made from methacrylate polymer. It contains no detectable levels of hydroquinone and 4-Vinylpyridine.<br>Fmoc-Met-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB can be used as a research tool in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, protein interactions, receptor binding, ion channel activation and more. CAS No.: 58897-27-6</p>

<p>Blocks the Wnt pathway and inhibits the expression of TGFb1 in CT26 colon carcinoma cells, leading to the reduction of CCL20 and CCL22, two TGF-b- dependent chemokines critical for Treg cell recruitment into the tumour microenvironment.  hsBCL9CT-24 shows robust antitumour efficacy across multiple in vivo models.</p>

<p>Peptide Myr-FEEERL-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

Peptide H-LSPSFADLFR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.