Peptides

t-boc-N-Amido-dPEG®12-OH is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, t-boc-N-amido-dPEG®12-OH is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.

Amino-dPEG®24-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®24-t-Butyl Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

m-dPEG®48-MAL is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®48-MAL is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Epoxomicin is an activator that binds to the ligand-binding site of a receptor. It has been used as a research tool in cell biology, pharmacology, and immunology. Epoxomicin has been shown to inhibit ion channels by binding to them and blocking their activity. This property makes epoxomicin a good candidate for the treatment of epilepsy. Epoxomicin also inhibits protein synthesis through inhibition of ribosomal S6 kinase, which is involved in signal transduction pathways.

Bis-dPEG®13-Acid is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®13-Acid is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.

Phen-AMC is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which catalyzes the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Phen-AMC is used as a research tool to study protein interactions, activator, and ligand binding. This inhibitor also has been shown to activate nicotinic receptors, ion channels, and antibodies.

BAM-12P is a peptide that binds to the extracellular domain of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. It is an inhibitor of this receptor, and has been shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection in vitro. BAM-12P has also been shown to act as an activator of the CXCR4 receptor in some cell lines, and can be used as a research tool for studying the effects of ligands on receptors. BAM-12P is chemically synthesized with high purity and its CAS number is 75513-71-2. It was isolated from the baculovirus expression system.

Nocistatin is a peptide that inhibits the activity of various types of ion channels. It does this by binding to their ligand-binding domain and preventing activation. Nocistatin is used as a research tool in pharmacology, cell biology, and biochemistry to study protein interactions and receptor function. Nocistatin has been shown to be an activator for the L-type calcium channel, suggesting that it may be useful for the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy or cardiac arrhythmias. Nocistatin was originally isolated from the venom of the tarantula Phoneutria nigriventer. It is purified from fish, bovine, or human sources.

Z-Gly-Phe-NH2 is a peptide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome. It has been shown to inhibit enzyme preparations containing peptides and proteins, such as hydrogen bond formation, phase transition temperature, uptake, and inhibitory effect. This molecule may be used in biochemical or molecular studies of protein synthesis. The uptake of Z-Gly-Phe-NH2 can be inhibited by ouabain binding. Z-Gly-Phe-NH2 also has a ca2+ response when calcium ionophores are applied to Xenopus oocytes.

Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a critical role in cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Fibronectin subunits are composed of repeating units of three types of modules: type I, type II, and type III. The active fragment of fibronectin refers to a small peptide sequence within the type III modules of fibronectin that has been shown to have potent biological activity.
The fibronectin active fragment, also known as the cell-binding domain or RGD domain, is a short peptide sequence consisting of the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). This peptide sequence interacts with cell surface receptors known as integrins, which are important for mediating cell adhesion, migration, and signaling.
The fibronectin active fragment has been extensively studied as a research tool to investigate the mechanisms of cell adhesion and migration. It has also been used in tissue engineering applications to promote cell attachment and proliferation on synthetic biomaterials.

m-dPEG®36-Amine is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®36-Amine is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Amino acids 39-68 of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) which is a peptide hormone that is secreted from the parathyroid gland in the event of abnormal serum calcium levels and it ultimately regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body. The PTH exerts its activity through binding to the G-protein coupled receptor type 1 PTH receptor, which activates adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C thus activating pathways involved in the mediation of bone resorption and bone formation. This product is suitable for life science applications and is available as a 0.5mg vial.

m-dPEG®7-Tosylate is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®7-Tosylate is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Biotin-dPEG®11-Lipoamide is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Biotin-dPEG®11-Lipoamide is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

β-Casomorphin-7 (Bovine) is an opioid peptide that belongs to the class of casomorphins. It is a fragment of the larger ß-casomorphin molecule, which is derived from the breakdown of proline-rich proteins in cow milk. β-Casomorphin-7 has been shown to have potent bronchial and renal proximal effects in rats, as well as analgesic properties. It also inhibits aminopeptidase activity in lung explants and muscle tissues, which may be due to its ability to act on opioid receptors. β-Casomorphin-7 also has been shown to inhibit growth factor production and increase the production of factor β1 in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis. This may be due to its ability to inhibit inflammation by acting on inflammatory cells such as macrophages or neutrophils.

Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (Rat) is a cyclic 18-amino acid peptide that is an inhibitor of the prolactin releasing hormone. It has been shown to have a high specificity for the prolactin releasing hormone receptor and has been used as a research tool in cell biology and pharmacology. This peptide can be used to study protein interactions, which may be due to its ability to act as an activator or ligand for receptors. Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (Rat) is also able to inhibit ion channels, such as voltage-gated potassium channels and calcium channels. This peptide can also be used to generate antibodies against the prolactin releasing hormone receptor.

Bis-dPEG®7-PFP Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®7-PFP Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.

Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) is a peptide hormone involved in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The hypothalamus releases CRF during stress and in turn CRF stimulates the production of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). A negative feedback loop is created as glucocorticoids then prevents further endocrine activity exhibited by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Interestingly in patients with depression, it has been found that the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is over stimulated thus increased production of CRF occurs resulting in depression symptoms. Furthermore studies have shown the expression of CRF receptors in glial cells and T-cells and elevated levels of CRF and glucocorticoids prevent T-cell proliferation. During stress cytokines can also stimulate the secretion of CRF. However CRF can also regulate these cytokines. CRF has the potential to be used in the research into depression treatments. 
This product is available as a 0.1mg vial.

Nojirimycin Bisulfite is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. It is a receptor-selective ligand that binds to the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, thereby inhibiting receptor signaling. Nojirimycin Bisulfite has also been shown to inhibit ion channels and ligand-gated ion channels. Nojirimycin Bisulfite has been shown to bind to both peptides and antibodies, which makes it a useful research tool for studying protein interactions.

Margatoxin is a research tool that has been shown to activate the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It binds to the ligand-binding site of the receptor and blocks ion channel activity. Margatoxin is a small molecule with high purity that can be used as a tool to study protein interactions and biological functions. This compound is also an inhibitor of peptide binding, which can be used in pharmacology studies.

A human infecting coronavirus (viral pneumonia) called 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV was found in the fish market at the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China on December 2019. The 2019-nCoV shares an 87% identity to the 2 bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome 2018 SARS-CoV-2 located in Zhoushan of eastern China. 2019-nCoV has an analogous receptor-BD-structure to that of 2018 SARS-CoV, even though there is a.a. diversity so thus the 2019-nCoV might bind to ACE2 receptor protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)  in humans. While bats are possibly the host of 2019-nCoV, researchers suspect that animal from the ocean sold at the seafood market was an intermediate host. RSCU analysis proposes that the 2019-nCoV is a recombinant within the viral spike glycoprotein between the bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus. The E. coli derived recombinant protein contains the Coronavirus 2019 C-terminal region 127 a.a. from the Nucleocapsid protein and fused to GST-6xHis tag at N-terminal and having a M.W. of 39.4 kDa. It has been purified using PNTA Sepharose-Affinity Purification. The CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein solution is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 1M Urea, and 50% Glycerol.

Beta-Neo-Endorphin is an opioid peptide which binds with high affinity to μ, δ and κ-receptors and has been found to be involved in the modulation of pain, epidermal nerve fiber regulation and skin homeostasis. It is further demonstrated the ability to in human keratinocytes, stimulate wound healing. Beta-neoendorphin is derived from prodynorphin when it is proteolytically cleaved.
This product is available as a 0.5mg vials and is sourced from Porcine.

IL-1α is a cytokine protein that has been shown to be involved in the immune system. IL-1α is an activator of the receptor and is also a ligand for it. The protein has been shown to activate ion channels, which are proteins that allow ions to pass through either by diffusion or by facilitated transport. This activation causes cells to produce more hydrogen ions, which leads to an increase in the acidity of the cell. IL-1α has also been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.

MAL-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), also known as Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), stimulates the pituitary gland’s production and secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. LHRH is a decapeptide and is itself secreted by the hypothalamus. It is crucial for human reproduction and is heavily involved in the regulation of ovulation, sexual development and the onset of puberty.
When secreted, GNRH binds to the G-protein coupled receptor, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) located on pituitary gonadotrophic cells in the anterior pituitary.
Medically, the understanding of GnRH is paramount, due to its involvement in the pathogensis of central hypogonadism. Any obstructions to its function in the reproductive system can result in the development of human pathologically conditions. It is important to note that analogs of GnRH can be used in pharmacology, in the treatment of gynaecological diseases, through blocking the secretion of estrogen secretion from the ovary. Additional GNRH analogs can be used to treat ovarian cancer, hormone-dependent cancers, endometriosis and modality in infertility. Therefore this product is a useful research tool.

Ac-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-H (aldehyde) is a peptide fragment of the human calcitonin gene. It is a research tool used in immunology and cell biology. Ac-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-H (aldehyde) binds to different types of ion channels, including ligand gated ion channels, voltage gated ion channels, and receptor activated ion channels. Ac-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-H (aldehyde) can also bind to membrane receptors such as the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and the alpha adrenergic receptor. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that activates the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which leads to an increase in intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Alpha adrenergic receptors are located on the surface of blood vessels and activate vasoconstriction by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activity.

Ac-Arg-OMe • HCl is a labile peptide that has been shown to be homologous to the human Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. Ac-Arg-OMe • HCl is activated by trypsin and trypsin-like proteases, but inactivated by hemolytic activity and conformation. Ac-Arg-OMe • HCl is an enzyme substrate for peptidases such as trypsin and trypsin like proteases. It has been shown to be a molecule that interacts with various proteins, including hemoglobin.