Peptides

This product is a Substance P antagonist in the Hydrochloride salt from and as a 0.5mg vial. Substance P is a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. It is best known for its role in nociception or pain perception. Substance P is also involved in other biological processes such as the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and the inflammatory response. As a tachykinin neuropeptide, substance P acts through binding to its specific neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R). NK-1R is present in neurons and on glial cell types. Substance P is also involved in: increased inflammation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and the skin and neuroinflammation. Interestingly the levels of Substance P are raised in inflammatory bowel diseases and through its involvement in cytokine release, it contributes to asthma pathology. These diverse selection of functions makes substance P a target for therapeutic research.

m-dPEG®12-Amine is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®12-Amine is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

dPEG®12-diol is a synthetic compound that has high purity, an excellent shelf life, and can be used as a research tool or as a pharmaceutical. The synthesis of dPEG®12-diol involves the coupling of two molecules of 12-deoxyphosphatidylcholine with 1,2-di(2′-ethylhexyl)-glycerol (DEHG). This process results in the formation of dPEG®12-diol. dPEG®12-diol is a potent inhibitor of ion channels and has been shown to affect cellular metabolism. It has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo.

MOCAc-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-A2pr(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH₂ is a peptide that is used as a research tool in cell biology. It can be used to study the interactions between proteins, receptors and ion channels. MOCAc-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-A2pr(Dnp)-Ala-Arg-NH₂ has been shown to activate the G protein receptor, which is involved in the transmission of signals by cells. The peptide is also an inhibitor for ligand binding to the receptor.

Glu-Glu is a mouse monoclonal antibody (IgG2a) that inhibits the activity of human leukocyte elastase. Glu-Glu has been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8 and TNF-α, in human serum obtained from patients with chronic cough. It also blocks the formation of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins, which are important for their function. Glu-Glu has been used to study pathogenic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic disorders, as well as its effects on polymerase chain reactions and enzyme activities in vitro.

A human infecting coronavirus (viral pneumonia) called 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV,  was found in the fish market at the city of Wuhan, Hubei province of China on December 2019. The 2019-nCoV shares an 87% identity to the 2 bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome 2018 SARS-CoV-2 located in Zhoushan of eastern China. 2019-nCoV has an analogous receptor-BD-structure to that of 2018 SARS-CoV, even though there is a.a. diversity so thus the 2019-nCoV might bind to ACE2 receptor protein (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)  in humans. While bats are possibly the host of 2019-nCoV, researchers suspect that animal from the ocean sold at the seafood market was an intermediate host. RSCU analysis proposes that the 2019-nCoV is a recombinant within the viral spike glycoprotein between the bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus. The CHO derived recombinant protein contains the Coronavirus 2019-Spike Full-Length protein, Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, amino acids 1-1211 having a Mw of 134 kDa fused to His tag at C-terminal. The furin cleavage site (682- 685 a.a.) has been mutated from RRAR to SRAS and the transmembrane domain & intravirion part was replaced with a glycine-serine linker + His-tag. It has been purified by Metal affinity chromatographic technique and the final formulation is avaiable as the CoV-2 spike full length protein solution is supplied in DPBS.

Amino-dPEG®2-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®2-t-Butyl Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Angiotensin (human, 1-7) is a peptide that acts as an agonist for the angiotensin II receptor. It is used in research as a pharmacological tool and in cell biology to study protein interactions and signaling pathways. It is also used to study the role of angiotensin receptors in various diseases such as hypertension and heart disease. Angiotensin (human, 1-7) is supplied at high purity and without any contaminants.

MAL-dPEG®4-Lys(TFA-)-NH-m-dPEG®24 is a peptide containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as spacer to alter their pharmacokinetic properties and pharmodynamics.

A (Human, Rat) Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) product available as a 0.1mg vial. As a peptide hormone CRF regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The hypothalamus releases CRF during stress and in turn CRF stimulates the production of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Glucocorticoids are then involved in a negative feedback loop, in that they prevent the pituitary gland and hypothalamus from exhibiting any further endocrine activity. The overproduction of CRF due to the overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis has been shown to cause symptoms seen in patients with depression. Furthermore studies have shown the expression of CRF receptors in glial cells and T-cells and elevated levels of CRF and glucocorticoids prevent T-cell proliferation. During stress cytokines can also stimulate the secretion of CRF. However CRF can also regulate these cytokines. CRF has the potential to be used in the research into depression treatments.

Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-Endothelin-1 (8-21) is a peptide that has been used as a research tool in pharmacology and protein interactions. Suc-[Glu9,Ala11,15]-Endothelin-1 (8-21) has been shown to be an agonist of the endothelin receptor. Endothelin-1 is a peptide that acts as a vasoconstrictor and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure.
Endothelin-1 is also an endogenous ligand for two G protein-coupled receptors, ETA and ETB. Interesting Endothelin-1 is the most abundant isoform and is expressed in endothelial cells of every blood vessel. It exerts its vasoconstrictor effects through binding to ETA receptors located on the smooth muscle.

Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (Human) is a peptide that belongs to the class of inhibitors. It is a protein inhibitor that binds to the receptor and inhibits the activation of the receptor by its ligand. The binding of this peptide to the receptor prevents it from transmitting signals to other cells, thereby blocking cell function. Prolactin-Releasing Peptide (Human) has been shown to inhibit ion channels and can be used as a research tool in cell biology and pharmacology studies. This product is high purity and has not been shown to have any side effects on humans or animals when administered at therapeutic doses.

Amino-dPEG®8-t-boc-hydrazide is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®8-t-boc-hydrazide is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Lipoamido-dPEG®8-TFP Ester is a PEG molecule conjugated with a lipid moiety. Lipoamido-dPEG®8-TFP Ester, conjugated to this lipid constituent, is very important especially in drug delivery and vaccine development as it helps improve the stability and circulation time of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes.

SARS Coronavirus is an enveloped virus containing 3 outer structural proteins, namely the membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins. Spike (S)-glycoprotein of the virus interacts with a cellular receptor and mediates membrane fusion to allow viral entry into susceptible target cells. Accordingly, S-protein takes part in the virus infection cycle and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. The recombinant SARS Spike containing a total of 220 amino acids (306-515) and having a calculated M.W. of 24.8 kDa.SARS Spike  is fused to a 6 amino acid His-tag at C-terminus, and is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques. Of a HEK293 source the formulation of the SARS Spike (306-515) solution (0.5mg/ml) contains Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% Glycerol.
One-Letter Formula: DGSMRVVPSG DVVRFPNITN LCPFGEVFNA TKFPSVYAWE RKKISNCVAD YSVLYNSTFF STFKCYGVSA TKLNDLCFSN VYADSFVVKG DDVRQIAPGQ TGVIADYNYK LPDDFMGCVL AWNTRNIDAT STGNYNYKYR YLRHGKLRPF ERDISNVPFS PDGKPCTPPA LNCYWPLNDY GFYTTTGIGY QPYRVVVLSF ELLNAPATVC GPKLHHHHHH

Beta-Casomorphin-5 is a peptide that is isolated from the milk of cows. It has been shown to activate the opioid receptor, and in doing so, inhibits ion channels and ligand-gated channels. Beta-Casomorphin-5 has also been shown to bind with high affinity to an antibody. Beta-Casomorphin-5 is used as a research tool for studying cell biology and pharmacology. It can be used as an inhibitor for certain ion channels and ligand-gated channels.

Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC is a peptide that is an activator of ion channels. It can be used to study the effects of ion channel activation on various cells and tissues. Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC has also been shown to inhibit ligand binding to some receptors, such as the acetylcholine receptor. This peptide can also be used as a research tool for pharmacology, protein interactions, and antibody production.

Amino acids 1-42 of the Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ), a major plaque component in Alzheimer's Disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function. It is thought that these Aβ peptides can aggregate to form insoluble fibrils that are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and may contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms underlying Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and to develop therapies that target Aβ to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease. Aβ peptides, particularly Aβ(1-42), are commonly used in research as a model for Alzheimer's disease to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches.
This product is available in the trifluoroacetate salt form and as a 0.5mg vial.

Glucagon (Human) is a recombinant peptide hormone, which is synthesized to mimic the natural glucagon produced by alpha cells in the pancreas. This biopharmaceutical is derived from a DNA recombinant technology source, offering a high level of purity and consistency. Its mode of action involves binding to glucagon receptors on liver cells, stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. This results in the rapid conversion of glycogen into glucose, thereby raising blood sugar levels.Glucagon (Human) is primarily utilized in the treatment of severe hypoglycemia, especially in diabetic patients unable to consume oral glucose due to unconsciousness or confusion. Its application is critical in acute settings where rapid intervention is necessary to prevent neurological damage from prolonged hypoglycemia. Additionally, the research and clinical use of glucagon extend to investigating its potential in counteracting beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses, where it acts to increase cardiac output. This hormone's pharmaceutical development has provided a crucial tool in both emergency response and broader therapeutic research contexts.

Suc-Ile-Ala-AMC is an inhibitor of the protein interactions that have been shown to be involved in the activation of ion channels. Suc-Ile-Ala-AMC is a synthetic peptide and can be used as a research tool, in cell biology, or as a reagent for high-resolution mapping of ligand binding sites on proteins. Suc-Ile-Ala-AMC inhibits the activity of acetylcholine receptors by blocking binding sites on the postsynaptic membrane. It also binds to NMDA receptors and blocks calcium influx through these channels.

m-dPEG®24-TFP Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®24-TFP Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Obestatin is a peptide hormone product available as a 0.1mg vial. It is produced by the same gene that encodes ghrelin another peptide hormone involved in regulating appetite and energy balance. It is believed however that obestatin is in fact a food intake suppressor and may reduce body weight gain in rodents. It also may be a potential ligand for GPR3. However its effects on appetite and energy balance need to be further understood as some studies have suggested that human obestatin may not have significant effects on appetite and energy balance, while others have reported potential roles in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin secretion.

Sialylglycopeptide is an oligosaccharide that is present in the cell membrane of human erythrocytes. It has been shown to be a ligand for toll-like receptor 2, which is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This molecule is also involved in the inflammatory response and in some infectious diseases. Sialylglycopeptide reacts with nitrite ions to form nitrosogalactopyranoside, which can lead to oxidative injury of cells such as those from the heart or lung. The sialylglycopeptides are also important for lactation, and their levels increase when pregnant women are exposed to glucocorticoids.

Bis-dPEG®2-Acid is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®2-Acid is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.

Tyrosyl-CNP-22 is a peptide that binds to the C-terminal domain of the human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and inhibits its function. It can be used as a pharmacological tool for research. Tyrosyl-CNP-22 is also an activator of the NMDAR, which may have therapeutic applications in conditions such as epilepsy. The peptide has been shown to bind specifically to the NMDAR and inhibit the function of this receptor. This inhibition can be reversed by adding excess glutamate or glycine, which are neurotransmitters that are released from neurons during synaptic transmission. Tyrosyl-CNP-22 has been shown to activate the NMDAR and promote neuronal survival in acute brain injury models, which may have therapeutic implications for conditions such as epilepsy.

Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the C cells (also known as parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland. Its main function is to regulate the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood. Calcitonin works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream. This leads to a decrease in the amount of calcium and phosphate in the blood.
Calcitonin is released in response to high levels of calcium in the blood, and it acts to reduce these levels by increasing the excretion of calcium by the kidneys and inhibiting the absorption of calcium by the intestines. It also promotes the storage of calcium in the bones, which helps to maintain their strength and density.
Calcitonin may be used therapeutically to treat conditions such as osteoporosis and hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood) or even diagnostically as a marker for tumors in medullary thyroid cancer.
This product has a disulfide bond between Cys1-Cys7 and is available as a 0.1mg vial.

[Pmp1, Tyr(Me)2]-Arg8-vasopressin is a peptide that has been shown to activate the V2 receptor and inhibit vasopressin-induced water retention. It has also been shown to inhibit the binding of vasopressin to its receptor. The peptide is an excellent research tool for studying the interaction between the V2 receptor and vasopressin. The peptide is supplied at high purity in lyophilized form and can be reconstituted with water or buffer before use.

Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is a peptide that is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aβ is the main component of amyloid plaques which are found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown to be a ligand for LRP1 and LRP2, two receptors involved in the clearance of APP. Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is an activator of ion channels in cell membranes and can affect the activity of several types of ion channels, including high-voltage activated potassium channels and low-voltage activated calcium channels.