Peptides

Z-Asp-CH2-DCB is a peptide that is an activator of cell membrane ion channels and receptor proteins. It has been shown to inhibit the interaction between ligands and receptors, thus blocking the binding of chemical signals with their corresponding cells. This chemical signal can be either neurotransmitters or hormones. Z-Asp-CH2-DCB is also a research tool for studying protein interactions and cellular processes, such as ion channel activation.

<p>Uroguanylin is a peptide that is released by cells in the intestine. It binds to the guanylate cyclase receptor, which stimulates the production of cyclic GMP (cGMP). This leads to an increase in intestinal water and electrolyte secretion. Uroguanylin Isomer A (Human) is a high-purity peptide that can be used as a research tool for studying ligand-receptor interactions and as an inhibitor of ion channels.</p>

<p>Suc-Ala-Ala-pNA is a synthetic peptide that has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes in the metabolic pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. It also inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase, which are involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. Suc-Ala-Ala-pNA is a hydrophobic molecule that can be used as an inhibitor for enzymes such as esterases, aminopeptidases, amidases, carboxypeptidases, and proteases. Suc-Ala-Ala-pNA has been shown to have antiatherosclerotic properties because it inhibits the production of lipid peroxides.</p>

<p>Bz-Ala-OMe is a reactive mercuric chloride that undergoes hydrolysis to form reactive mercuric acetate. It has been shown that the activation energy of the reaction is high and the reaction can be initiated by soybean trypsin. The reactive site of Bz-Ala-OMe is composed of chloride atoms and sephadex g-100. This compound reacts with serine proteases, such as trypsin or chymotrypsin, to form an amide intermediate. This intermediate reacts with n-acetyl-l-tyrosine to produce a chloromethyl ketone which then undergoes a nucleophilic attack by histidine to produce histamine in the presence of H2O2 or O2. Histamine binds to H1 receptors in the body, leading to an inflammatory response.</p>

<p>COVID-19 is a recombinant protein that was derived from the SARS-CoV. It is an antibody, which binds to the SARS-CoV and prevents it from infecting cells. COVID-19 is a monoclonal antibody that targets the glycoprotein spike of the coronavirus. The 319-529 region of this protein shows high binding affinity for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2, which are two types of coronaviruses. This region can be used as a diagnostic marker for these viruses. COVID-19 may also have therapeutic potential as it has shown to neutralize SARS in cell culture and protect mice against lethal challenge with the virus.</p>

<p>Hydroxy-dPEG®8-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, hydroxy-dPEG®8-t-Butyl Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Leu-NH2 • HCl is an imidazolidinone that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The compound is a highly selective, full agonist at the CB1 receptor and has been shown to be effective in animal models of inflammatory diseases, such as collagen-induced arthritis. Leu-NH2 • HCl also has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of cb1 receptor in food chemistry and c1-6 alkyl atrial receptors. Leu-NH2 • HCl binds to the same site on the receptor as THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and is used in research on Alzheimer's disease. This drug has also been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of hyaluronic acid synthetase, which may be related to its pharmacokinetic study.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®24-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®24-t-Butyl Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-pNA is a peptide that is derived from the amino acid sequence of a basic protein. It can be used as a fluorescent probe to detect hydration and enhance the fluorescence of other proteins. Z-Gly-Gly-Leu-pNA has been shown to bind basic protein subunits with high affinity, forming a stable complex. This peptide has also been shown to hydrolyze in acidic pH, making it useful for detecting proteolytic activity. The optimum pH for this peptide is neutral, at around 7.5. This peptide can be solubilized by adding Triton X or Brij 35 detergent and stored at -20°C.</p>

<p>[Asn1,Val5]-Angiotensin II is a peptide that is used as a research tool to study the effects of angiotensin II on ion channels, ligand-receptor interactions and protein interactions. It is also used as an antibody to measure the level of angiotensin II in cells. This peptide has been shown to be an activator of potassium channels and inhibits calcium channels. The high purity of this product makes it suitable for use in pharmacology and cell biology research.</p>

<p>MAL-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®24)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®24)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Z-Gly-Phe is a peptide that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the reactive site of a pancreatic enzyme. This site is normally occupied by a hydrogen bond and the compound binds to it by occupying this space, resulting in the inhibition of enzyme activity. Z-Gly-Phe has been shown to inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rats, which may be due to its ability to bind with sodium carbonate. The binding constants of Z-Gly-Phe and its inhibitors have been determined using an analytical method that measures changes in pH. The optimum pH for Z-Gly-Phe is 8.5, which corresponds with the optimal pH for human pancreatic enzymes.</p>

<p>ß-Alanyl-L-Histidine is a dipeptide that is naturally occurring in the human body and is involved in many biochemical processes. It is a precursor of carnosine, which can be found in muscle and brain tissue. Carnosine has been shown to have antioxidant properties and has been used as a supplement for those who are at risk of developing diabetes. Carnosine supplementation has also been shown to improve exercise performance by increasing muscle strength and improving the function of muscle cells. ß-Alanyl-L-Histidine may also have metal chelate properties due to its ability to bind metals such as iron and copper.</p>

Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®4-NHS Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®4-NHS Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>m-dPEG®-Acid (MW = 412) is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®-Acid (MW = 412) is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®4-Alcohol is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, azido-dPEG®4-Alcohol is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>The Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is a neuropeptide which is found in plasma, peripheral organs and neurons. It has been found to induce delta sleep in mammals and have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier as well as be absorbed from the gut. Studies have shown that DSIP plasma concentration and the human circadian rhythm are correlated and that DSIP concentrations are dependent on the initiation of sleep. DSIP has also demonstrated its ability to affect levels of hormones, neurotransmitters and psychological performance. In patients with schizophrenia and depression levels of DSIP in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma were found to be lower compared to healthy controls. Clinically DFSIP has already been used to treat opioid and alcohol withdrawal in reducing symptoms felt by patients.<br>This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>Substance P is a neuropeptide that is synthesized from the precursor protein pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Substance P has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of proteins that are necessary for cell division. It also stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators and has been shown to have an activator effect on receptors. This product is used as a research tool in cell biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology.</p>

<p>Beta-Casomorphin-7 is a research tool that is used in the study of cell biology and pharmacology. It is an activator of the opioid receptor and a ligand for the receptor. The Beta-Casomorphin-7 (Bovine) antibody can be used to identify receptors on cells involved in protein interactions, ion channels, and high purity. It's CAS number is 72122-62-4.</p>

<p>Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-H (aldehyde) is a peptide that is an agonist of the ion channels. It can be used as a research tool in studies on protein interactions and receptor pharmacology. Ac-Asp-Asn-Leu-Asp-H (aldehyde) binds to the ligand binding site of ion channels, which activates or inhibits their function. This peptide has been shown to inhibit the activity of potassium channels and glutamate receptors, and it can be used as an antibody for cell biology and immunology experiments.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®13-NHS Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®13-NHS Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®36-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Fmoc-N-Amido-dPEG®36-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®12-OH is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, amino-dPEG®12-OH is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®8-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG®8-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®8)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®4-(m-dPEG®8)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly is a peptide with the molecular formula C14H20N4O2. It is an inhibitor of protein interactions, activator of ligands and receptor, and has a CAS number of 2382-80-1. This product is used in research to study ion channels and antibodies.</p>

<p>Des-Arg9-bradykinin is a peptide that is a potent activator of the B2 receptor. It is a potent inhibitor of ion channels, including Ca2+, K+ and Na+ channels. Des-Arg9-bradykinin has been used as a research tool in cell biology, particularly to investigate the role of bradykinins in signal transduction pathways. This chemical is highly purified and can be obtained from Sigma-Aldrich with CAS No. 15958-92-6.</p>

<p>Boc-Leu-Ser-Thr-Arg-AMC is a fluorescent peptide used as a research tool to study protein interactions. It can be used to activate or inhibit ion channels. Boc-Leu-Ser-Thr-Arg-AMC is a high purity, water soluble peptide that has been purified by HPLC and characterized for its purity and integrity by mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis.</p>

<p>Gly-Gly is a natural compound that belongs to the group of esters. It has been shown to have an antioxidative effect in vitro and in vivo. Gly-Gly has been shown to inhibit the growth of carcinoma cells by binding with hydrogen bonding interactions, which leads to cell death. This compound also has a strong antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In addition, gly-gly has been shown to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. This compound may be useful for treating infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria such as MRSA or methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).</p>

DNP-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. DNP-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>This product contains disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys14. Somatostatin is a hormone that regulates the release of growth hormones, insulin, and glucagon from the pancreas. It is widely expressed throughout the body for example in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, hypothalamus, pancreas and the central nervous system. In the central nervous system somatostatin plays a role in neurotransmission modification and it has also demonstrated to be effective against a number of cancers such as squamous carcinoma.</p>

<p>His-Leu is a signal peptide that contains the amino acid sequence His-Leu. It is used in a variety of diagnostic tests and has been shown to bind to the p-hydroxybenzoic acid inhibitor binding site on the enzyme histone H1. This peptide has also been shown to inhibit the activity of histone H1 enzymes, which are involved in the regulation of DNA replication and transcription. In addition, His-Leu has been shown to inhibit specific enzymes that regulate human serum albumin synthesis, such as preparative high performance liquid chromatography (Hplc) and terminal residues. His-Leu can be used for diagnosis or as an inhibitor for infectious diseases.</p>

<p>Motilin is a peptide that is used as a research tool in the fields of cell biology, pharmacology, and biochemistry. It is an activator of the motilin receptor and has been shown to bind to ligand-gated ion channels. Motilin has also been shown to inhibit the activity of high-voltage activated calcium channels.</p>

<p>Platelet Factor-4 (PF4) is an activator of G protein coupled receptors that belongs to the group of peptides. PF4 binds to the CXCR1 receptor and activates it, which causes a change in the ion channels. It has been shown that PF4 can activate other G protein coupled receptors such as CXCR2 and CXCR3. This protein is used in research as a ligand for antibody production or as a research tool for studying the interactions between proteins. Platelet Factor-4 has been shown to inhibit ATPase activity in cell membranes and may be useful in pharmacological studies.</p>

<p>CGRP (Rat) product with the disulfide Bonds: Cys2-Cys7 and available as a 0.5mg vial. CGRP is the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide that plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow, as well as pain perception, inflammation, and neurogenic inflammation. It is a potent vasodilator and has been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes.<br>This product has the potential for use in the study of the physiological and pathological roles of CGRP and to investigate the effects of CGRP on blood vessels, neurons, and other tissues. It has also been used to develop models of migraine headaches and other conditions associated with CGRP dysfunction.</p>

<p>Sialylglycopeptide is an oligosaccharide that is present in the cell membrane of human erythrocytes. It has been shown to be a ligand for toll-like receptor 2, which is a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns. This molecule is also involved in the inflammatory response and in some infectious diseases. Sialylglycopeptide reacts with nitrite ions to form nitrosogalactopyranoside, which can lead to oxidative injury of cells such as those from the heart or lung. The sialylglycopeptides are also important for lactation, and their levels increase when pregnant women are exposed to glucocorticoids.</p>

<p>Poly-L-glutamic acid sodium salt (PGA) is a biodegradable polymer that can be used as a tissue sealant or to deliver drugs to specific sites in the body. It is also used in wound healing and in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis. PGA has been shown to stimulate antibody production, which may be due to its ability to act as an adjuvant for the formation of antibodies. This polymer has been shown to have a positive effect on diastolic and systolic blood pressure levels. PGA has also been shown to have a role in improving disease activity, with some evidence suggesting it may play a role in atrial fibrillation and cardiac function.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®2-Acid is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®2-Acid is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Tyrosyl-CNP-22 is a peptide that binds to the C-terminal domain of the human N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and inhibits its function. It can be used as a pharmacological tool for research. Tyrosyl-CNP-22 is also an activator of the NMDAR, which may have therapeutic applications in conditions such as epilepsy. The peptide has been shown to bind specifically to the NMDAR and inhibit the function of this receptor. This inhibition can be reversed by adding excess glutamate or glycine, which are neurotransmitters that are released from neurons during synaptic transmission. Tyrosyl-CNP-22 has been shown to activate the NMDAR and promote neuronal survival in acute brain injury models, which may have therapeutic implications for conditions such as epilepsy.</p>

<p>Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the C cells (also known as parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland. Its main function is to regulate the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood. Calcitonin works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream. This leads to a decrease in the amount of calcium and phosphate in the blood.<br>Calcitonin is released in response to high levels of calcium in the blood, and it acts to reduce these levels by increasing the excretion of calcium by the kidneys and inhibiting the absorption of calcium by the intestines. It also promotes the storage of calcium in the bones, which helps to maintain their strength and density.<br>Calcitonin may be used therapeutically to treat conditions such as osteoporosis and hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood) or even diagnostically as a marker for tumors in medullary thyroid cancer.<br>This product has a disulfide bond between Cys1-Cys7 and is available as a 0.1mg vial.</p>

<p>Ac-Trp-OEt is a tryptophan derivative that contains an acetyl group, a trityl group, and oleic acid. It is used as a substrate for enzyme assays to investigate the activation energies of enzymes such as chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin-like proteases. Ac-Trp-OEt is fluorescent in the presence of ultraviolet light, which can be detected using spectrophotometry. Ac-Trp-OEt has been used to study the activity of serine proteases such as neurokinin-1 receptor and collagenase. Ac-Trp-OEt also binds to chloride ions with high affinity, which can be used to study ion binding by ion exchange chromatography.</p>

Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-AMC is a synthetic, nonpeptide antagonist of the CGRP receptor. It has been shown to inhibit the binding of peptides to the CGRP receptor and is used as a research tool for studying the pharmacology and protein interactions of this receptor. Boc-Leu-Arg-Arg-AMC has been shown to stimulate ion channel activity in vitro. This compound also has an affinity for antibodies that are specific for CGRP receptors, which can be used as a ligand in immunoassays.

<p>[Pmp1, Tyr(Me)2]-Arg8-vasopressin is a peptide that has been shown to activate the V2 receptor and inhibit vasopressin-induced water retention. It has also been shown to inhibit the binding of vasopressin to its receptor. The peptide is an excellent research tool for studying the interaction between the V2 receptor and vasopressin. The peptide is supplied at high purity in lyophilized form and can be reconstituted with water or buffer before use.</p>

<p>Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is a peptide that is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aβ is the main component of amyloid plaques which are found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown to be a ligand for LRP1 and LRP2, two receptors involved in the clearance of APP. Amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) is an activator of ion channels in cell membranes and can affect the activity of several types of ion channels, including high-voltage activated potassium channels and low-voltage activated calcium channels.</p>

<p>Chemotactic peptides are peptides that possess chemotactic properties, which means they attract cells. One well-known chemotactic peptide is For-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) and is a chemoattractant for phagocytic leukocytes and neutrophils. During the acute inflammatory response chemotactic factors activate neutrophils which have seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. FMLP bind to these G-protein coupled receptors on the surface of neutrophils and activate NF- κB, MAPK and PI3K pathways. In particular FMLP is known to induce Interleukin-8 (IL-8) which is responsible for both tissue damage and the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes resulting from neutrophils. Chemotactic peptide have been used to study the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white blood cells in inflammation. Chemotactic peptides are often used as fluorescent probes to measure intracellular metabolic responses to chemoattractant stimulation.</p>

Endothelin-1 is a peptide that acts as a vasoconstrictor and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Endothelin-1 is also an endogenous ligand for two G protein-coupled receptors, ETA and ETB. Interesting Endothelin-1 is the most abundant isoform and is expressed in endothelial cells of every blood vessel. It exerts its vasoconstrictor effects through binding to ETA receptors located on the smooth muscle. This product has disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys15 and Cys3-Cys11, sourced from Porcine, Canine, Rat, Mouse and Bovine and is available as a 0.5mg vial.

<p>Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-AMC is a peptide that can be used as a research tool in cell biology and pharmacology. Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-AMC has been shown to inhibit ion channels, which are proteins that control the flow of ions across the cell membrane. It binds to specific receptor sites on the outside of cells, which causes conformational changes in the ion channel that prevent it from opening. Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp AMC has been shown to increase the intracellular concentration of calcium ions, which is necessary for muscle contraction and other cellular processes.</p>

<p>m-dPEG®24-Azide (Azido-m-dPEG®24) is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. m-dPEG®24-Azide (Azido-m-dPEG®24) is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

Bz-Gly-His-Leu is a peptide that has the amino acid sequence of Hippuryl-Histidyl-Leucine. The peptide binds to Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme I Substrates and prevents the enzyme from converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, thereby lowering blood pressure. Bz-Gly-His-Leu has been shown to be effective in reducing blood pressure in patients with congestive heart failure as well as those with normal cardiac function.

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is a peptide that is produced in the hypothalamus. It has various functions, including being an activator of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and releasing growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. TRH also has anti-inflammatory effects and is used as a research tool in cell biology. TRH binds to receptors on cells and can activate ion channels, which causes an influx of calcium ions into cells. This leads to the activation of protein kinases, which are important in cell signaling pathways. TRH also interacts with other proteins, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and G-protein coupled receptors.