Peptides

<p>Adropin is a peptide that binds to the activator domain of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and inhibits the enzyme. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of PLA2 in human, mouse, and rat cells. Adropin can also inhibit ion channels and cell signaling pathways by binding to cell surface receptors. This research tool may be used for studying protein interactions and pharmacology.</p>

<p>Bz-Arg-AMC is a fluorescent probe that binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the presence of calcium ions and emits light when excited by ultraviolet light. It can be used to study the activation of nAChRs, as well as their interactions with other proteins such as peptides. Bz-Arg-AMC has a molecular weight of 551.9 g/mol, with a purity of &gt; 98% and an optical purity of &gt; 99%. This product can be used for research purposes only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.</p>

<p>Met-Met is a dipeptide that is synthesized from the amino acids methionine and methyltetrahydrofolate. It is used in the synthesis of peptides and biochemicals, as well as in pharmacological treatments for diseases including bacterial infections. Met-Met has significant interactions with dopamine, catechol-o-methyltransferase, and energy metabolism. The enzyme catechol-o-methyltransferase catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), which may lead to a decrease in dopamine levels. Met-Met also inhibits the metabolism of catecholamines, leading to an increase in cellular levels of catecholamines such as dopamine and norepinephrine. This inhibition may be responsible for metabolic disorders such as obesity or low body mass index (BMI)</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®4-NHS ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG®4-NHS ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®9-PFP Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®9-PFP Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a critical role in cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Fibronectin subunits are composed of repeating units of three types of modules: type I, type II, and type III. The active fragment of fibronectin refers to a small peptide sequence within the type III modules of fibronectin that has been shown to have potent biological activity.<br>The fibronectin active fragment, also known as the cell-binding domain or RGD domain, is a short peptide sequence consisting of the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). This peptide sequence interacts with cell surface receptors known as integrins, which are important for mediating cell adhesion, migration, and signaling.<br>The fibronectin active fragment has been extensively studied as a research tool to investigate the mechanisms of cell adhesion and migration. It has also been used in tissue engineering applications to promote cell attachment and proliferation on synthetic biomaterials. This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

(3,5-Difluorophenylacetyl)-Ala-Phg-OtBu is a peptide that is an inhibitor of Protein interactions. It blocks the binding of the enzyme to its substrate and prevents the conversion of substrate to product. This peptide was used as a research tool for studying protein interactions in cell biology and as an activator for Ligands. This peptide can be used as a reagent for antibody production. The purity of this peptide is high and it has been shown to have no adverse effects in animal research studies.

<p>Amylin is a peptide that belongs to the group of activators. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of ion channels, and has also been demonstrated to activate cell signaling pathways. Amylin can be used as a research tool for studying protein interactions, receptor ligands, and pharmacology. Amylin can be used in antibody production or as a high-purity reagent for life science or cell biology applications.</p>

Adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AK4 gene. AK4 catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The enzyme has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, as well as in the regulation of ion channels, neurotransmitter release, and other biological processes. AK4 is also an activator of G-protein coupled receptors and a ligand for certain nuclear receptors. It can also function as an inhibitory receptor for certain G-protein coupled receptors.

<p>Peptide YY (Human, 3-36) is a peptide that is a potent activator of the gut hormone, ghrelin. Peptide YY (Human, 3-36) has been shown to inhibit the activity of ion channels and receptor binding. It is also a ligand for G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). It has been used as an inhibitor in research for studying protein interactions and receptor signaling pathways.</p>

<p>Secretin is a peptide that is used as a research tool in the study of ion channels, cell biology, and pharmacology. Secretin is a peptide hormone that is produced in the duodenum and is involved in the regulation of pancreatic bicarbonate, gastric acid and osmoregulation. Secretin binds to secretin receptors which are G-protein coupled receptors and are expressed in pancreatic centroacinar cells. Secretin binds to these receptors and activates adenylate cyclase which converts ATP into cAMP which results in the secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas. Secretin plays a role in osmoregulation through its effects on the kidney, pitutiary gland and the hypothalamus. This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>Bis-Maleimide Amine, TFA Salt is a pharmacological research tool that is used to study protein interactions. It is also used as an inhibitor and activator of proteins, specifically ion channels. This product has a CAS number of 62921-76-0, which can be found on the Chemical Abstracts Services website. This product is high purity and is used in life science research. The salt form of this product is used as a ligand for receptor binding studies.</p>

<p>This product is a Substance P antagonist and is available as a 0.5mg vial. Substance P is a neuropeptide that is involved in the transmission of pain signals and inflammation. It is a member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family and is produced in the central nervous system and acts through its specific receptor neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R). NK-1R is present in neurons and on glial cell types. Substance P is involved in: pain perceptions as a neurotransmitter; gut motility; increased inflammation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and the skin and neuroinflammation. Interestingly the levels of Substance P are raised in inflammatory bowel diseases and through its involvement in cytokine release, it contributes to asthma pathology. These diverse selection of functions makes substance P a target for therapeutic research.</p>

<p>t-Boc-N-Amido-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. t-Boc-N-Amido-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the C cells (also known as parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland. Its main function is to regulate the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood. Calcitonin works by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue and release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream. This leads to a decrease in the amount of calcium and phosphate in the blood.<br>Calcitonin is released in response to high levels of calcium in the blood, and it acts to reduce these levels by increasing the excretion of calcium by the kidneys and inhibiting the absorption of calcium by the intestines. It also promotes the storage of calcium in the bones, which helps to maintain their strength and density.<br>Calcitonin may be used therapeutically to treat conditions such as osteoporosis and hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in the blood) or even diagnostically as a marker for tumors in medullary thyroid cancer.<br>This product has a disulfide bond between Cys1-Cys7 and is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>MAL-dPEG®11-Lipoamide is a PEG molecule conjugated with a lipid moiety. MAL-dPEG®11-Lipoamide, conjugated to this lipid constituent, is very important especially in drug delivery and vaccine development as it helps improve the stability and circulation time of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes.</p>

<p>Amino-dPEG®4-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Amino-dPEG®4-t-Butyl Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>APETx2 is a peptide that belongs to the inhibitor class of protein interactions. It has been shown to inhibit the activation of beta-adrenergic receptors by preventing the binding of the ligand, which is a catecholamine. APETx2 also has been shown to be an activator for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This peptide is a high purity research tool that can be used as an antibody conjugate in immunohistochemical and immunoprecipitation assays.</p>

<p>t-boc-N-Amido-dPEG®12-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. t-boc-N-Amido-dPEG®12-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAß5 is a peptide that interacts with amyloid beta proteins to disrupt the formation of beta sheets. It has been shown to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid beta proteins into oligomers and fibrils, and disrupts the self-assembly of amyloid beta protein into various conformations. Beta-Sheet Breaker Peptide iAß5 is a ligand for both receptor and activator binding sites on amyloid beta proteins, inhibiting the interaction of these sites. This inhibits the activation of downstream signalling pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease.</p>

<p>Azido-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Poly-L-Lysine Hydrochloride is a synthetic polymer that has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. It has also been shown to be effective in preventing neuronal cell death, as well as toxicity caused by exposure to high levels of water vapor. Poly-L-Lysine Hydrochloride can be used as an anticancer agent and has a synergistic effect with other drugs. This polymer is thought to work by blocking the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, which are vital for the cell's survival.</p>

<p>Hydroxy-dPEG®6-t-Butyl Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as monofunctional (OH-PEG-X). Used as a linker, hydroxy-dPEG®6-t-Butyl Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>Aminooxy-dPEG®12-amido-dPEG®12-(m-dPEG®11)3 is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Aminooxy-dPEG®12-amido-dPEG®12-(m-dPEG®11)3 is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Angiotensin I (Bovine) is a synthetic substrate that is used for the measurement of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity in vitro. It has been incubated with rat or bovine tissue and can be used as a chromatographic standard. This substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme and undergoes hydrolysis, which generates an increase in pH. The resulting product is then measured fluorimetrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 350 nm. This peptide has been found to have a pressor effect and an inhibitory effect on acid secretion.</p>

<p>Des-Acyl Ghrelin (Human) is a Des-Octanoylated Ghrelin product available in the Trifluoroacetate Salt form and as a 0.1mg vial. Ghrelin is a peptide horone which plays a role in regulating energy balance, stimulating appetite, nutrient sensing and meal initiation. It influences bodily functions through associating with growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHS-R) through its unique N-octanoyl group which is linked to its serine 3 residue covalently. It wider functions are in the regulation of insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. On top of this Ghrelin is also found to be involved with glucose homeostasis, energy homeostasis, cardio-protective effects, bone metabolism and is a potential target for cancer. Therefore it can be used to develop therapies for a whole spectrum of diseases. This molecule is used as a research tool for studying cell biology and pharmacology.</p>

Urotensin II-related peptide (URP) is a potent, selective, nonpeptide antagonist of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor. URP inhibits the binding of calcitonin gene-related peptide to its receptor and blocks the effects of this peptide on a variety of cell types. In addition, URP suppresses the release of substance P from sensory neurons in rat skin and blocks neurogenic inflammation. This product is purified by HPLC and has an analytical purity of >95%.

Azido-dPEG® 12-NHS ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Azido-dPEG® 12-NHS ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>Liver-Cell Growth Factor (LCGF) is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of liver cells. LCGF is found in coagulation factors, fatty acids, and peptides. LCGF has been shown to have long-term efficacy in the treatment of liver disease and has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in animal models of Parkinson's disease. This growth factor also inhibits nucleotidase, which is an enzyme that breaks down nucleotides into mononucleotides and diphosphates. LCGF has been associated with statistically significant improvements in diameter and lysine levels in fetal bovine serum.</p>

<p>Salusin-Beta is a peptide that belongs to the group of activators. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of ion channels. Salusin-Beta (Human) is an antibody that can be used for research purposes. Salusin-Beta (Human) has been shown to have high purity and it can be used as a reagent for research and development in Cell Biology and Pharmacology.</p>

<p>A synthetic green mamba snake toxin sourced from the green mamba, Dendroaspis angusticeps, which can be used as a neuronal  L-type Ca2+ channel blocker. This product has disulfide bonds between Cys7-Cys57, Cys16-Cys40, and Cys32-Cys53 and is available as a 0.1mg vial.</p>

<p>MAL-dPEG®8-NHS Ester is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. MAL-dPEG®8-NHS Ester is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>Biotin-OSu is a biotin derivative that is used as a fluorescence probe for the detection of DNA binding activity. It has been shown to bind to DNA with high affinity in an experimental model. Biotin-OSu binds to the major groove of DNA and can be used to detect dna binding activities, such as protein-DNA interactions, by forming a ternary complex with the target protein and a fluorophore. This compound has also been shown to react with mouse monoclonal antibodies and human serum proteins, which are transfer reactions. Biotin-OSu has also been used as a coupling agent in peptide hormones and streptavidin polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The presence of disulfide bonds in this compound give it stability but limits its solubility.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®17-NHS Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®17-NHS Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>The SARS Spike peptide is a research tool that can be used as an activator and an antibody. It has a high purity and is contained in a CAS number. This peptide can be used for the study of protein interactions, receptor binding, ligand binding, and pharmacology.</p>

<p>Bis-dPEG®17-PFP Ester is a PEG polymer categorised as homobifunctional PEG (X-PEG X). Used as a linker, bis-dPEG®17-PFP Ester is used to attached PEG to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, nanoparticles and small molecules via pegylation, a bioconjugation technique.</p>

<p>L-685,458 is a peptide that is used as a research tool to study protein interactions and the role of ion channels in cell biology. It binds to the receptor site and inhibits the binding of natural ligands. L-685,458 is an inhibitor of ion channels and acts by blocking the voltage-dependent activation of sodium channels. It also blocks potassium channels, which are responsible for regulating membrane potentials and controlling nerve impulses. L-685,458 has been shown to inhibit protein interactions in pharmacology studies with receptor binding assays.</p>

<p>Eledoisin is a novel ion channel activator that belongs to the group of peptides. It has been shown to activate voltage-gated sodium channels and calcium channels in cell culture, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of L-type channels. Eledoisin also binds to human and rat receptors with high affinity, exhibiting a ligand binding affinity of IC50 = 0.5 nM. The amino acid sequence of eledoisin is related to that of other peptides such as beta-amyloid, calcitonin, bombesin, and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).</p>

<p>Cl-Ac-(OH)Leu-Ala-Gly-NH2 is a peptide with an amino acid composition of Cl-Ac-(OH)Leu-Ala-Gly. It is synthesized by the chemical reaction of hydrochloric acid and L-alanine. This peptide has been shown to be an irreversible inhibitor of metalloendopeptidase, preventing the breakdown of proteins in the stomach. The pH profile for this peptide is acidic and its molecular weight is approximately 1296 daltons.</p>

<p>As a dynorphin peptide, Dynorphin A has affinity for opioid receptors in particular it favors kappa-opioid receptors and residues 1-13 of the Dynorphin A peptide are crucial for its potency. Kappa-opioid receptors are expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues and the spinal cord and are located in areas involved in pain. For example when Dynorphin A binds to kappa-opioid receptors, dopamine is inhibited in areas of the brain prevalent in drug addiction, thus demonstrated Dynorphin A to have antagonistic effects on the brain reward circuit. Dynorphin A could be a useful research tool for studying analgesia, reward and addiction.<br>This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide that is used to study the regulation of food intake and body weight. MCH binds to its receptor, the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), which is coupled to an ion channel. This binding causes the release of potassium ions from cells, leading to depolarization and increased neuronal excitability. It has been shown that MCH can be used as a research tool for studying ion channels, ligand-receptor interactions, and cell biology.</p>

<p>Cbz-N-Amido-dPEG®4-Acid is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Cbz-N-Amido-dPEG®4-Acid is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl fluoride is a fluorinated glycoside that is used as a reagent in organic synthesis to fluorinate alcohols and amines. It selectively reacts with primary and secondary alcohols to give the corresponding fluorides. The product can be used for the synthesis of carboxylic acids and esters. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl fluoride is also used in biochemistry research as a substrate for oligosaccharide synthesis. This product has been shown to react with proteins to form peptides and with DNA to form nucleosides.

<p>Secretin (human) is a peptide hormone that is produced in the duodenum and is involved in the regulation of pancreatic bicarbonate, gastric acid and osmoregulation. Secretin binds to secretin receptors which are G-protein coupled receptors and are expressed in pancreatic centroacinar cells. Secretin binds to these receptors and activates adenylate cyclase which converts ATP into cAMP which results in the secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas. Secretin plays a role in osmoregulation through its effects on the kidney, pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. This product is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>A molluscan cardioexcitatory neuropeptide which has the potential to be used in cell biology, pharmacological, and protein-protein interaction studies. This product is available as an FMRF-Amide.</p>

<p>Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that has been found to inhibit pituitary growth hormone release as well as endocrine, pancreatic and GI secretions. It is widely expressed throughout the body for example in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, hypothalamus, pancreas and the central nervous system. In the central nervous system somatostatin plays a role in neurotransmission modification and it has also demonstrated to be effective against a number of cancers such as squamous carcinoma. This product contains disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys14 and is available as a 0.5mg vial.</p>

<p>Angiotensin IV (Human) is a peptide hormone and peptidase inhibitor that belongs to the family of angiotensins. It is produced by the renin-angiotensin system and inhibits the action of angiotensin converting enzyme, an enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV has been used for research purposes as well as for therapeutic applications in cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. Angiotensin IV is a high purity product with a purity greater than 99%.</p>

<p>Ac-Val-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp-AMC is a research tool used to study the function of ion channels. It is an activator that binds to the receptor site on ATP sensitive potassium channels. Ac-Val-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp-AMC has been shown to inhibit calcium and sodium ion flux through ion channels, as well as high purity and good solubility. This peptide is useful for studying protein interactions, pharmacology, and life science research.</p>

<p>Ac-Gly-Lys-OMe • AcOH is a synthetic substrate that is used in enzymatic reactions. This product is a peptide that contains an amide bond and a disulfide bond. It has been shown to be inactive when exposed to human serum for up to 30 minutes. Ac-Gly-Lys-OMe • AcOH has been shown to have inhibitory effects on the activity of monoclonal antibodies as well as dodecyl, which belongs to the group of lipids found in blood plasma. The rate of this reaction increases with increasing temperature and pH, but decreases with increasing concentrations of AGLME or dodecanol.</p>

<p>Lipoamido-dPEG®8-Acid is a PEG molecule conjugated with a lipid moiety. Lipoamido-dPEG®8-Acid, conjugated to this lipid constituent, is very important especially in drug delivery and vaccine development as it helps improve the stability and circulation time of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes.</p>