Fenoli

Demethoxycurcumin (DMC) is one of the main active compounds of curcuminoids found in turmeric powder, which is used as a spice in Asian cooking and traditional medicine, has anti-inflammation and anti-cancer activities, the mechanism of DMC-mediated anti-invasive activity involves modulation of the expression of invasion-associated proteins, possibly by targeting NF-κB in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Chebulic acid has effects against the progression of AGE-induced endothelial cell dysfunction, may constitute a promising intervention agent against diabetic vascular complications; it at both doses (25 and 50 mg/kg) improves biochemical alterations caused by renal ischemia in diabetic rats. Chebulic acid significantly reduced the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cell cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species level, and the ratio of GSSH, oxidized form of glutathione (GSH) to the over total GSH (GSH + GSSG) (4.42%) as compared to that with t-BHP alone (8.33%).

Gastrodin has anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly attenuate levels of neurotoxic proinflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and phosphorylation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated microglial cells, suggests that gastrodin has a potential as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate in neurodegenerative diseases.

Punicalagin has antifungal , antiviral, anti-atherosclerotic, hepatoprotective , anti-obesity., antiproliferative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. It can suppress the phosphorylation of MAPK including p38, c-JNK, and ERK, it also has potently inhibiting the activity of fatty acid synthase with half-inhibitory concentration values (IC 50 ) of 4.50μM.