Fenilpropanoidi

<p>Cordifolioside A is a bioactive compound, specifically a natural glycoside, which is isolated from the plant Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Guduchi. This plant is a significant source of various pharmacologically active constituents. Cordifolioside A functions primarily through immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms, contributing to its therapeutic effects.</p>

<p>Sulfuretin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, which is found in various plants, notably in the Heartwood of *Securinega suffruticosa* and *Rhus verniciflua*. It exerts its effects through various biological pathways, including the modulation of enzyme activities, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.</p>

Danshensu has antioxidant activity, can enhance HO-1 expression to suppress 6-OHDA-induced oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathways.

<p>Methyl trans-p-coumarate 4-glucoside is a chemical compound, which is a glucoside derivative sourced primarily from plant materials. It functions by modulating biochemical pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation, as it may influence enzymatic activities and cellular signaling processes. This compound's glucoside linkage suggests it might undergo hydrolysis to release the active aglycon, facilitating its absorption and subsequent biological activity.</p>

<p>Calceolarioside A is a phenylethanoid glycoside, which is a biologically active compound obtained from natural plant sources, specifically from species within the Calceolaria family. This compound exhibits significant antioxidant activity, primarily through its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress. The mode of action involves the modulation of oxidative pathways, offering protective effects against cellular damage.</p>

Ethyl salvianolate A (Ethyl salvionolate A) is an anti-HIV-1 compound extracted from the roots of Salvia yunnanensis. It inhibits the P24 antigen in HIV-1 infected MT-4 cell cultures with an EC50 of 1.44 μg/mL. Additionally, it suppresses HIV-1 enzymes with IC50s of 56.38 μM (reverse transcriptase), 12.03 μM (protease), and 14.54 μM (integrase).

<p>Caffeic acid is naturally produced by the metabolism of plants and fungi. Caffeic acid has an antioxidant activity that can be higher than tocopherol in oil-in-water emulsions. Caffeic acid has proven antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In mice, caffeic acid inhibits the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase thus inhibititing the biosynthesis of the inflammatory mediators leukotrienes.</p>

<p>Chlorogenic acid is a derivative of caffeic acid and quinic acid; it has an antioxidant activity. Chlorogenic acid has been combined with gadolinium to develop a therapeutic and diagnostic nanodelivery system for MRI imaging. In a rat model of diabetes mellitus, chlorogenic acid counteracted the alterations in lipid profiles typical of type-2 diabetes, especially when administered in combination with tetrahydrocurcumin. In mice fed with a high-fat diet, the consumption of chlorogenic acid resulted in an anti-obesity action that lowered the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In humans, it is readily absorbed in the intestinal tract.</p>