Flavonoidi

Flavanone is a type of flavonoid, which is a class of plant secondary metabolites. This compound is primarily found in citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. As a natural polyphenolic antioxidant, flavanone exhibits its mode of action by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. This activity is crucial in modulating signaling pathways and enhancing the cellular antioxidant capacity.

Isoflavone from processed leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia

Naringenin trimethyl ether is a flavonoid compound, which is typically derived from citrus fruits and other plant sources. This compound is part of the larger class of polyphenolic compounds known as flavonoids, which are prominent for their presence in various plant species, contributing to a variety of physiological activities.

Beta-Naphthoflavone is a synthetic polycyclic aromatic compound, which is a laboratory-created substance designed to mimic naturally occurring compounds. It is a model compound widely used in scientific research due to its ability to induce specific enzyme pathways. Beta-Naphthoflavone primarily affects the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Upon binding to this receptor, it modulates the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, particularly influencing the cytochrome P450 enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of various xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.

Kaempferol-3-glucoside(6”-O-acetate)-7-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants and foods. This compound originates from plant sources, notably in fruits, vegetables, and certain traditional medicines, where it is biosynthesized as a secondary metabolite.

Rotenone is a naturally occurring insecticide and piscicide, which is derived from the roots of several tropical and subtropical plant species, primarily from the Leguminosae family. Its primary source includes plants such as *Derris* and *Lonchocarpus*. Rotenone works by inhibiting cellular respiration. Specifically, it interferes with the mitochondrial electron transport chain by binding to complex I, blocking the production of ATP and ultimately leading to cell death.

Theaflavin-3-O-gallate is a polyphenolic compound, which is derived from the oxidation of specific catechins found predominantly in black tea (Camellia sinensis). This compound is a significant member of the theaflavins, which are formed during the fermentation process of tea leaves. The bioactivity of Theaflavin-3-O-gallate is attributed to its ability to interact with and modulate various biological pathways, mainly through its antioxidant properties and its role in modulating cellular oxidative stress responses.

Ampelopsin-3'-O-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a compound derived from various plant sources, including members of the Vitaceae family. This compound is characterized by the attachment of a glucose molecule to the flavonoid ampelopsin, altering its solubility and bioavailability properties. Its mode of action is primarily through its antioxidant activity, involving the scavenging of free radicals and inhibition of oxidative stress pathways. These properties are of significant interest due to their potential in modulating the oxidative status in biological systems.