Zuccheri e nucleobasi della spina dorsale

3-Methyladenine is a glycosylase that cleaves the glycosidic bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon of the ribose ring of the nucleotide 3-methyladenine. It also has synergistic effects with other agents that induce autophagy, such as rapamycin, and increases the expression of a response element in mouse monoclonal antibody. 3-Methyladenine inhibits growth factor-β1 and neuronal death by inducing apoptosis in cells overexpressing nuclear DNA polymerase. This drug is also used to study apoptosis by using a model system.

5-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) is a drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a chemical analogue of thiouracil, but has a different mechanism of action. PTU inhibits the production of tropomyosin, which leads to inhibition of transcriptional regulation and expression of protein genes. PTU also blocks the hydrogen bond between the amino acid glutamine and deoxyribose phosphate backbone, thereby inhibiting translation. Clinical studies have shown that PTU is effective in treating cardiac hypertrophy, renal proximal tubule cells and clinical nephropathy. The use of PTU as a chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment has been limited due to its toxicity to animals.

N4-Acetylcytosine is an inhibitor of serine proteases, glycosidases and nucleosidases. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a wide range of viruses including HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1, and adenovirus. N4-Acetylcytosine also inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells.

Building block in the synthesis of nucleoside antiviral agents

2’-Amino-2’-deoxy-β-D-arabinouridine is a modified nucleoside based on uridine, in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the sugar has been replaced with an amino group, and the sugar itself is arabinose (a stereoisomer of ribose). This compound is of possible interest in nucleic acid chemistry and antisense or RNA-interference research.

2’-C-Methyl-5-fluorouridine is a fine chemical that is used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of various complex compounds. It is also used as a reaction component in the synthesis of research chemicals and speciality chemicals. 2’-C-Methyl-5-fluorouridine is an important intermediate in organic chemistry and has many applications, such as being a reaction component in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and perfumes.

6-Amino-1-benzyluracil is a triethyl orthoformate that reacts with an aldehyde to form an imine. This reaction is known as alkylation. The imine reacts with benzamidine to form an anticancer drug called lumazine, which has been shown to be effective against cancer cells. 6-Amino-1-benzyluracil had low solubility in water and was therefore refluxed with ethyl acetoacetate and elemental acetoacetate. 6-Amino-1-benzyluracil is insoluble in the organic phase and can be removed by filtration.

O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase inhibitor

8-Hydroxyadenine is a reactive molecule that is used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase and has been used to protect DNA against radiation damage. 8-Hydroxyadenine has been shown to induce a number of genotoxic effects, including neuronal death. 8-Hydroxyadenine can also be used as a DNA probe for the detection of HIV, with the advantage over other probes of having a high specificity for its target sequence.

Eniluracil is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, which is an anticancer drug. It is not active when taken orally and must be hydrolyzed by esterases in the stomach to produce 5-fluorouracil. The x-ray diffraction data for eniluracil was collected from untreated human serum samples. Eniluracil has been shown to have matrix effects on solid tumours in mice, leading to increased antitumor activity. This compound also inhibits the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which leads to decreased levels of diphosphate nucleotides and accumulation of dinucleotide phosphate. Enlargement of the tumor is also inhibited by this drug due to its ability to inhibit DNA replication and transcription.