Polisaccaridi

<p>Danaparoid sodium (the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Orgaran; Merck Sharp and Dohme) is a biopolymeric non-heparin drug that is used as anticoagulant and antithrombotic agent, approved for the prophylaxis of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis.  It consists of a mixture of three glycosaminoglycans: heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and chondroitin sulphate.  Danaparoid, has well established antithrombotic activity. The drug has a high antifactor Xa to antifactor IIa (thrombin) activity ratio, a low tendency to cause bleeding and minimal effects on the fibrinolytic system.</p>

A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus vesiculotus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria and Lessonia nigrescens (illustrated) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates although galactose also occurs and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta. The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

<p>Cellulose acetate fiber is one of the earliest synthetic fibers and is based on cotton or tree pulp cellulose. Cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some coatings, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.  It is also used as a synthetic fiber in the manufacture of cigarette filters and playing cards. In photographic film, cellulose acetate replaced nitrate film in the 1950s, being far less flammable and cheaper to produce but in recent years has been rendered obsolete by the advent of digital cameras.</p>

Quaternization of the primary amine in N-Trimethylchitosan increases the water solubility of chitosan and keeps chitosan soluble over a wide pH range. N-Trimethylchitosan is soluble in water and ethanol, making it ideal for use in biotechnology applications.The degree of quaternization is 30-70%

<p>Kappa-Carrageenan is a gelling sulphated galactan extracted from red seaweed (typically Mastocarpus stellata and Chondrus crispus). The structure of all carrageenans consists of a strictly alternating masked repeating unit of 1,3-linked α-D-galactose and 1,4-linked β-D-galactose. The α-linked galactose occurs as α-3-6-anhydro unit and the β-linked sugar occurs as the 4-sulphate.<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

Poria cocos is an edible medicinal fungus known as “Fuling” in Chinese that has been used as a Chinese traditional medicine for more than two thousand years. Polysaccharide material is the most abundant organic substance in the fungus, accounting for about 85% of the total and is a mixture of polysaccharides with the major component being Pachyman, a β-glucan with a 1,3 backbone and 1,6 side chains. It is reported that Pachyman has a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Pachyman is a beta-glucan with a 1,3 backbone and 1,6 side chains of fungal origin (Poria cocos). The image was kindly provided by Dr. Chris Lawson.

β-1,3-Glucan is a bioactive polysaccharide, which is located predominantly in the cell walls of yeast, fungi, and certain cereals. This compound is characterized by its unique branched structure, which is crucial for its biological function. The mode of action of β-1,3-Glucan involves the binding to specific receptors on immune cells, such as dectin-1, which triggers a cascade of immune responses. This interaction enhances the activity of macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, thus bolstering the body's innate immune defenses.The uses and applications of β-1,3-Glucan are broad, primarily focused on immunological research and potential therapeutic strategies. It is extensively utilized in studies examining its effects as an immunomodulator, leveraging its ability to potentiate immune system function and examining its role in adjunctive cancer therapies, where it may enhance the efficacy of certain treatments. Additionally, β-1,3-Glucan is investigated for its potential benefits in reducing infection rates and improving recovery times in clinical settings. Moreover, its applications in dietary supplements and functional foods continue to be a subject of scientific inquiry, aiming to harness its health-promoting properties within nutrition science.

<p>Please enquire for more information about (Hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose, viscosity 5 cP 80%-120%, 2% aqueous solution including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

Viscoelastic polymer; excipient; food additive

DEAE-Dextran (DEAE-D) is a positively-charged dextran derivative that can be used for vaccine production, gene therapy, protein stabilisation, dyslipidemia prevention, flocculating agents, and many other applications. DEAE-D is also used for transfecting animal cells with foreign DNA.  DEAE-Sepharose, DEAE-650 and DEAE-Sephadex are commonly used in chromatography for the separation of biological molecules such as proteins and carbohydrates.

<p>Ex algal/bacterial polysaccharides-value in b1-3 glucanase assays &amp; diagnostics</p>

Porphyran is an agar-like polysaccharide with a linear backbone consisting of 3 linked β-D-galactosyl units alternating with either 4-linked α-L-galactosyl 6-sulphate or 3-6-anhydro-α-L-galactosyl units.The composition includes 6-O-sulphated L-galactose, 6-O-methylated D-galactose, L-galactose, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, 6-O-methyl D-galactose and ester sulphate. Some of the ester is present as 1,4-linked L-galactose 6-sulphate. The precise composition of porphyran shows seasonal and environmental variations. Porphyran is not used commercially, but the seaweed, Porphyra umbilicalis, is edible and is consumed in Wales (Laver). It is also made into a delicacy called Laverbread. The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

<p>Applications Verbascose (CAS# 546-62-3) is an α-galactooligosaccharide with immunomodulatory activity in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells.<br>References Dai, Z.; et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 66, 9070 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Curdlan is a microbial polysaccharide produced by a mutant strain of Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes which was first shown to produce succinoglucan prior to mutation. Curdlan is a β-1,3 glucan forming clear solutions at about 55 °C which then gels (“low-set”) when cooled. Suspensions of curdlan at higher temperatures form firm resilient gels (“high set”) that melt at 140 - 160 °C.<br>The image was kindly provided by Dr. Chris Lawson.</p>

<p>A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus vesiculotus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria and Macrocystis pyrifyra (illustrated) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates, although galactose also occurs and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta.<br>The fucose content of this fucan is approx. 31% and it also contains galactose (approx. 2.2%), uronic acid (approx. 12.4%) and sulfate (approx. 32.5%).<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>Bacterial exopolysaccharide from gram negative Bacillus polymixa</p>

<p>Dextran is α-(1,6)-linked α-D-glucan with α-(1,3)-linked glucose branch points produced by fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides via the action of the enzyme dextransucrase on sucrose.  The main use for native dextran is as an extender in blood transfusions and products having a range of sharp cutoff molecular weights are produced commercially for this and other applications.  A complex of iron with dextran, known as iron dextran, is used as a source of iron for baby piglets which are often anaemic at birth.</p>