Acidi Grassi e Derivati Lipidici

<p>Avenin is used as an insecticide.</p>

<p>Sebacamic acid is a biochemical.</p>

<p>Palmitoyllactic acid is a long-chain fatty acid.</p>

<p>Applications Tauro 6-Ethlchenodeoxycholic Acid-d5 Sodium Salt is the labelled version of Tauro 6-Ethlchenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt (T009025) which can be otained from 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810), a derivative of the bile acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid (C291900). 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810) is a potent activator of the farnesoid X nuclear receptor which reduces liver fat and fibrosis in animal models of fatty liver disease.<br>References Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A., et al.: Lancet., 385, 956 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acyl Glucuronide is a bile acid and steroid conjugate.<br>References Maekawa, M., et al.: Steroids, 80, 80 (2014); Goto, J., et al.: Steroids, 63, 180 (1998); Murao, N., et al.: Chromatography, 19, 276 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications (4S3-[(2R,5S)-5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[(S)-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino][4-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1-oxo-5-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]pentyl]-4-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone is used in the synthesis of Ezetimibe (E975000), an antihyperlipoproteinemic; a cholesterol absorption inhibitor.<br>References Bankowski, K., et. al.: Przemysl Chemiczny, 91, 289 (2012); van Heek, M., at al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 283, 157 (1997); van Heek, M., at al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 129, 1748 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications A related dimeric impurity of Sildenafil (S435000).<br></p>

<p>Applications An isomeric impurity of Orlistat (O686500) with modulatory activity on endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism.<br>References Ortar, G. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 6970 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lomitapide is a drug used in the treatment of obesity and aids in lowering LDL cholesterol and overall cholesterol levels in subjects.<br>References Cuchel, M. et al.: Lancet., 381, 40 (2013); Stefanutti, C. et al.: Atherosclero. Suppl., 14, 19 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications ω-Muricholic Acid is used in the regulation of weight gain and lipid metabolism by bacterial bile acid modification in gut for the control of obesity and hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Joyce, Susan A., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 7421 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholic Acid-24-13C (CAS# 52886-36-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Rosuvastatin EP Impurity A T-Butyl Ester<br>Applications S-Desmethyl-S-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl) Rosuvastatin tert-Butyl Ester (Rosuvastatin EP Impurity A T-Butyl Ester) is an intermediate in the synthesis of Rosuvastatin (R700500) related compounds.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atorvastatin 2-Hydroxy Lactone<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br></p>

<p>Applications Formic Acid is used as a potential energy source in the preparation of fuel cells. Also used in chemical synthesis of various anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yu, X. et al.: J. Power Source., 182, 124 (2008); Bekhit, A. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 1935 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications The N-oxide impurity of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Dapoxetine (D185700).<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications A metabolite of Clofibric Acid.<br>References Ding, A., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 23, 369 (1995), Sallustio, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 147, 459 (1997), Akira, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 457 (1998), Sallustio, B., et al.: Curr. Drug Metab., 1, 163 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Misoprostol (M368750) impurity.<br>References Lee, H.K., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 73, 306 (1984),<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel C-11 epoxy fatty acid, from timothy chokes, stromata of E. typhina, has antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum.<br>References Koshino, H., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 53, 2527 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An Atorvastatin (A791750) derivative which have improved stability.<br></p>

<p>Applications An inactive metabolite/product of Thromboxane A2 (TBXA2): a compound involved in platelet activation and aggregation in case of a wound. Urinary analysis of TXB2 accurately reflects intrarenal TXA2 synthesis while measurement of 11-dehydro TBX2 (D230555) and 2,3-dinor thromboxane metabolites gives the best estimate of systemic TXA2 secretion.<br>References Needleman, P. et al.: Nature, 261, 558 (1976); Patrono, C. et al.: J Clin. Invest., 77, 590 (1986); Patrono, C. et al.: Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot. Res., 11, 493 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tadalafil Hydroxypiperidone, is an impurity of Tadalafil (T004500), a phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitor used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.<br>References Carrier, S., et al.: Can. J. Urol., 10(1), 12 (2003), Doggrell, S.A., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 75 (2005), Forgue, S.T., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 61, 280 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Bis(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)propane is a metaboolite of gemfibrozil (G305750). Gemfibrozil is a serum lipid regulating agent used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic.<br>References Kissebach, A.H., et al.: Atherosclerosis, 24, 199 (1976), Lewis, J.E., et al.: Pract. Cardiol., 9, 99 (1983), Rubins, H.B., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 341, 410 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications (2Z)-2,3-Dehydroxy Atorvastatin is an intermediate in synthesizing (2E)-2,3-Dehydroxy Atorvastatin (D230045), which is an impurity in the synthesis of Atorvastatin (A791750).<br>References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications Simvastatin impurity.<br>References Vuletic, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 37, 715 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications S-Desethylpiperidino S-[2-Carboxyl-2-oxo-ethyl-(2-aminoethyl)amino] Vardenafil is an impurity of Vardenafil (V098001, 2HCl); a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor.<br>References Bischoff, E., et al.: J. Urol., 165, 1316 (2001); Kim, N.N., et al.: Life Sci., 69, 2249 (2001); Kendirci, M., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 923 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications Vardenafil Intermediate.<br>References Terrett, N.K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 1819, (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications Palmitoleic Acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid which contributes to reduced protein oxidation in mammals.<br>References Mendez, L. et al.: Free Rad. Biol. Med., 55, 8 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoallolithocholic Acid is used as a steroid compound as T regulatory lymphocyte modulators and uses for treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune disorders.<br>References Littman, D. R., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 160pp. (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ontazolast is a leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor.<br>References Lazer, E., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 913 (1994); Hauss, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 87, 164 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications S)-4-Phenyl-2-oxazolidinone is an intermediate for the synthesis and development for cholesterol absorption inhibitor AZD4121.<br>References Soloshonok, V.A., et al.: Tetrahedron. Lett., 46, 1107 (2005); Luo, Y., et al.: Chinese. Chem. Lett., 17, 1551 (2006); Karlsson, S., et al.: Org. Process.Res. Develop., 16, 586 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-α-Lipoamide may be used in treatment of insulin resistance by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. When used in combination with Alprostadil, it has shown to have a good therapeutic effect on early diabetic nephropathy.<br>References Shen, W., et al.: MCBU, 31, 93 (2012); Li, Z., et al.: Chongqing Yixue, 40, 2514 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Obeticholic Acid Methyl Ester is a bile acid derivative useful in research.<br>References Pellicciari, R., et al.: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 50, 4265 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Triphenylphosphine is used in the synthesis of Chlorambucil with cytotoxicity in breast and pancreatic cancers. Also used in the preparation of α-Tocopherol analogues for monitoring antioxidant status.<br>References Millard, M. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 9170 (2013); Krumova, K. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 17135 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulfolithocholic Acid is an derivative of Lithocholic Acid (L469180), a cholic acid derivative and TGR5 modulator found in ox bile, human bile, rabbit bile, and in ox and pig gallstones.<br>References Kelsey, M. I., et al.: Chem. Carcinogen., 14, 205 (1981);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hexadecyl-octadecanoic Acid is a branched saturated fatty acid.<br>References Gronowitz, S., et al.: Lipids, 28, 889 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tadalafil-13C2,d3 is labelled Tadalafil (T004500) which is used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor.<br>References Carrier, S., et al.: Can. J. Urol., 10(1), 12 (2003), Doggrell, S.A., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 75 (2005), Forgue, S.T., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 61, 280 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-{[(p-Fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol is used in the preparation of benzylacetones which promote anti-fungal activity.<br>References Sandhar, R. et al.: J. Ind. Council Chem., 22, 32 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4’-Fluoroacetophenone is an intermediate used for the synthetic preparation of various pharmaceutical good and agricultural products.<br>References Xiao, Z.J., et al.: Chem. Eng. Sci., 84, 695 (2012); Vitale, P., et al.: Tetrahedron., 22, 1985 (2011); Kawano, S., et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 75, 1055 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tauro 6-Ethlchenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt can be otained from 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810) which is a derivative of the bile acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid (C291900). 6-Ethylchenodeoxycholic Acid (E899810) is a potent activator of the farnesoid X nuclear receptor which reduces liver fat and fibrosis in animal models of fatty liver disease.<br>References Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A., et al.: Lancet., 385, 956 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Erucic acid is a long-chain alcohol that acts as an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation in the heart. Erucic acid originates in rapeseed plants, and is the major fatty acid constituent of rapeseed plant oil extracts and canola oil.<br>References Christophersen, B. &amp; Bremer, J.: BBA-Lipid. Lipid Met., 280, 506 (1972); Ecke, W., et al.: Theor. Appl. Gen., 91, 972 (1995); Metz, J., et al.: Plant Phys., 122, 635 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Impurity N<br>Applications 2-Methyl Simvastatin is an impurity of Simvastatin (S485000), a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Andelija, M., et. al.: J. Liq. Chromatogr. R. T., 32, 874 (2009); Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986); Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Pravastatin (P702000), a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.<br>References Serizawa, N., et al.: J. Antibiot., 36, 604 (1983), White, H.D, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 343, 317 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tadalafil (T004500) derivative. Used in the preparation of pyrazinopyridoindole derivatives for their PDE5 inhibitory activity.<br>References Beghyn, T. et al.: Bioorgan. Med. Chem. Lett. 17, 789(2007)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Tadalafil EP Impurity A N-Desmethyl Impurity<br>Applications (6R,12aS)-N-Desmethyl Tadalafil (Tadalafil EP Impurity A N-Desmethyl Impurity) is an intermediate in the synthesis of novel potent arylated analogues of tadalafil (T004500).<br>References Beghyn, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 789 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ezetimibe (E975000), an antihyperlipoproteinemic. A Cholesterol absorption inhibitor.<br>References van Heek, M., at al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 283, 157 (1997), van Heek, M., at al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 129, 1748 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Succinic Acid-13C4 is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Octanoic Acid, is found naturally in the milk of various mammals. Its esters can be used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes. It is also an antimicrobial pesticide used as a food contact surface sanitizer. Caprylic acid is also used in the treatment of some bacterial infections.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lide, D. R., et al.: CRC Handbook chem. Phys., 70th Ed. (1990); Beare-Rogers, J., et al.: Pue Appl. Chem., 73 (4), 685 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Simvastatin Impurity K<br>Applications 4α,5-Dihydro Simvastatin is an impurity in the synthesis of Simvastatin (S485000), a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. A synthetic analog of Lovastatin. Antilipemic. Simvastatin, the drug, is sold under the trade name Zocor.<br>References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986), Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bezafibrate EP Impurity D<br>Applications Bezafibrate Ethyl Ester is a derivative of Bezafibrate (B341000); an antilipemic.<br>References Zimmerman, R., et al.: Atherosclerosis 29, 477 (1978); Monk, J.P., et al.: Drugs, 33, 539 (1987)<br></p>

<p>Applications Atorvastatin-d5 tert-Butyl Ester is the labeled analogue of Atorvastatin tert-Butyl Ester (A791740), an impurity arising in the synthesis of Atorvastatin (A791750), a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996); Whitfield, L.R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 25, 97 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desmethyl analog of Rosuvastatin Lactone (R700550); an intermediate in the production of Rosuvastatin (R700500) derivatives.<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate of Rosuvastatin (R700500).<br></p>

<p>Applications (1R,​3R)​-1-​(1,​3-​Benzodioxol-​5-​yl)​-​2,​3,​4,​9-​tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,​4-​b]​indole-​3-​carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride is an impurity of Tadalafil (T004500) and is a β-​carboline derivative. (1R,​3R)​-1-​(1,​3-​Benzodioxol-​5-​yl)​-​2,​3,​4,​9-​tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,​4-​b]​indole-​3-​carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride can be used to produce Tadalafil.<br>References Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Slovenia: Eur. Pat. Appl., EP 2107059 A1 20091007 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Lubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid metabolite analog of Prostaglandin E1. It activates specific chloride channels in the gastrointestinal tract to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion, increase gastrointestinal transit, and improve symptoms of constipation.<br>References Farthing, M., et al.: Drugs, 56, 11 (1998), Pare, P., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 96, 3130 (2001), Sloots, C., et al.: Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 16, 759 (2002), Coremans, G., et al.: Digestion, 67, 82 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labeled Lauric Acid which may be used in combination with drug loading to reduce side effects, such as irritation with clarithromycin.<br>References Liu, X. et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 443, 318 (2013);<br></p>