Monosaccaridi

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-pivaloyl-6-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-b-D-galactopyranose is a high purity custom synthesis of a sugar. It is a fluorinated tetra saccharide with an unusual 1,2,3,4 linkage that has been modified with methyl groups at the 2 and 6 positions. The modification of this compound with silylation has made it resistant to enzymatic degradation. This compound has shown anti-inflammatory activities in animal models and can be used as an adjuvant therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.

Building block for the 6-O-modification of Glc, including 6-O-glycosylations

1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic sugar. It has a molecular formula of C12H18O8 and a molecular weight of 352.29. It is synthesized by the click reaction with 2-(1,3-dithiolo[5,6-c]pyridinium)-1,4,5,8-tetraazacyclododecane as the initiator. 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-2-deoxy--b -D--glucopyranose has been shown to react with methylating agents to form methylated derivatives that are useful in glycosylation reactions.

1-Octylamino-1-deoxy-D-glucitol is a natural product that is extracted from the bark of the tree Streptomyces griseorubens. It has been shown to have a diastereomeric ratio of 97:3 and an optical purity of 98%. The thermodynamic properties of this compound are determined by the reaction time, which can vary from 1 to 24 hours. The enantiomers are separated by chromatography or crystallization, and the solubility data is determined at 25°C.

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) is an aldohexose (2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose) in which the hydroxyl group at position 2 is replaced by a N-Acetyl group (Collins, 2006). GalNAc forms a key part of both N- and O-linked glycoproteins, glycolipids, gangliosides, blood groups, glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin and dermatan sulfate) and human milk oligosaccharides. The number of acetylgalactosamine residues attached to the IgA O-linked glycans of Crohn'sdisease patients is significantly decreased, and strongly correlated with clinical activity. It is suggested that alterations of GalNAc attachment in IgA may be useful as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of Crohn's disease (Inoue, 2012).

1,3,5-O-Methylidyne-myo-inositol is a cyclic sugar alcohol, which is naturally derived from various plant sources, including certain fruits and grains. As a stereoisomer of inositol, it represents a specific structural form that contributes to its unique properties and potential biological activities. The compound operates through modulating cellular signaling pathways, particularly those related to phosphoinositide metabolism, influencing intracellular calcium levels, and affecting lipid signaling cascades.This compound is primarily explored for its potential role in neurological health and its capacity to influence insulin signaling pathways. It has been investigated for applications in managing conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), mood disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its intricate involvement in cellular signaling networks, 1,3,5-O-Methylidyne-myo-inositol holds promise in furthering understanding of complex biological processes and for therapeutic development in metabolic and neurological disorders. Research continues to explore its efficacy and mechanisms of action to better establish its role in health and disease.

Phenyl b-D-thioglucuronide is a synthetic molecule that has been used in studies of the carotid, abdominal and symmetric techniques. It can be used to study water absorption and squamous cell growth. Phenyl b-D-thioglucuronide has been used as a crosslinking agent for optical imaging techniques, such as fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. The basic protein form of phenyl b-D-thioglucuronide is found in the human brain and spinal cord. There have been reports that phenyl b-D-thioglucuronide causes death and teratomas in mice when injected into the sigmoid colon or teratoma. Phenyl b-D-thioglucuronide also causes neuroinflammation, which may be due to its ability to induce matrix metalloproteinase production.

Intermediate for the anomeric modification of Fuc, including fucosylation

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Glucose 6-phosphatase substrate

1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranose is a synthon that is used as a synthetic intermediate for the synthesis of other compounds. It is also a reactive compound that can be used to synthesize carboxylic acids and hydroxy ketones by reaction with water or alcohols. 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranose can also be converted into esters by reaction with alcohols.

Low-calorie sweetener; additive in detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals

Propyl b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates. It has a fluorinated hydroxyl group at the C3 position and an esterified carboxylic acid at the C1 position. This compound can be used as a building block for oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates. Propyl b-D-glucuronide is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 176.

4-Acetamidophenyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a pharmaceutical drug that is a metabolite of acetaminophen. It can be detected in the urine by biochips, which are microarrays that contain immobilized binding sites for specific analytes. The analysis of 4-acetamidophenyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt in urine is used to screen for the use of acetaminophen and to identify cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) activity. This drug can also be detected by spectrometric methods using biochemical assays on plates or hepatocytes and mass spectrometric detection methods using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Acetaminophen has been shown to have toxic effects on the liver, kidneys, and lungs in humans, as well as on diode photoluminescence.

Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside is a hexadecanoic acid that is mediated by the target cell. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and cancer cells in vitro. Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside also possesses an antibacterial activity with a low mammalian toxicity. This compound is hydrolyzed by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduced by glutathione reductase, or conjugated with glucuronic acid. The residue of this compound has been shown to be carcinogenic in vivo and in vitro. Anticancer activity of this compound may be due to its ability to disrupt DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis of cancer cells.

Resource for the synthesis of Clofarabine and other bioactive arabinosides

1-Deoxy-1-(hydroxyethylamino)-D-glucitol (DEG) is a sugar alcohol that has been used as a transport inhibitor for the efflux of galactitol. It competitively inhibits the uptake of galactitol in the cell, resulting in a decrease in intracellular levels of this sugar. The uptake of other sugars is not affected by DEG, which makes it an effective tool for studying the transport mechanisms for these sugars. DEG is also chiral and has been used to study the uptake of chiral molecules. This research was done by using Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model, showing that DEG can be used to investigate how cells take up different molecules. These studies have led to insights into how cells metabolize different sugars and fats.

This is a custom synthesis of a carbohydrate. It is a methylated, glycosylated, fluorinated, complex carbohydrate that can be synthesized to any desired degree of substitution. This product has been designed for use as a fluorescent tag or label in biochemistry and cell biology research. It is modified at the anomeric position with an acetyl group and an azide group. The acetyl group confers solubility in water, while the azide group confers fluorescence. The modifications also allow for click chemistry reactions, which are used in protein labeling and activation studies.