Monosaccaridi

Mannitol is a sugar alcohol occurring widely in plants and they are exudates, for example, in olive and plane trees (Collins, 2006). It is produced commercially by the catalytic hydrogenation of fructose (Zelin, 2019). Mannitol is used extensively in food and pharmaceutical industries because of its unique functional properties. It is about 50% as sweet as sucrose and has a desirable cooling effect often used to mask bitter tastes. Mannitol is non-cariogenic and has a low caloric content. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and is used for: the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established, the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances, as an Antiglaucoma agent, and as a renal function diagnostic aid (O’Neil, 2013). Additonally, in 2020, mannitol was approved by the FDA as add-on maintenance therapy for the control of pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis in adult patients (McKenna, 2020).

2-Chloro-2-deoxy-D-mannose is a synthetic sugar that can be used as a fluoride substrate. It has been shown to bind to the active site of bacterial enzymes and inhibit them. 2-Chloro-2-deoxy-D-mannose is a conformationally constrained analogue of 3-deoxyglucose, which binds to the same active site on bacterial enzymes. This sugar also inhibits nitrate reductase, an enzyme involved in the reductive dehalogenation of nitrates. 2-Chloro-2-deoxy-D-mannose has been shown to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex by binding with high affinity to the ligand binding site on these bacteria's glycolytic enzymes.

3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-glucofuranose is an oligosaccharide that belongs to the group of polysaccharides. It is a methylated saccharide with a high degree of purity and can be custom synthesized for use as a carbohydrate in pharmaceuticals. 3-Deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-glucofuranose is used in the synthesis of glycosylations and has been shown to have antiviral activity against Epstein Barr virus by inhibiting viral protein synthesis.

Ethyl 3-O-allyl-4-O-benzyl-2-O-(2-naphthylmethyl)-b-D-thioglucuronide benzyl ester is a glycoconjugate that is synthesized by the methylation of thioglucuronic acid and subsequent etherification with ethyl bromoacetate. The chemical name for this compound is ethyl 3-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)methyl]benzoate. This chemical is soluble in ethanol and insoluble in water. It has a molecular weight of 459.5 g/mol and a CAS number of 53938-04-3.

N-(trans-3-Hydroxycotinine)-b-D-glucuronide is a hydroxy metabolite of trans-3-hydroxycotinine, which is a pyridine derivative and an endogenous metabolite of nicotine. It is formed by conjugation with glucuronate in the liver and excreted in the urine. It has been detected in human urine after oral administration of nicotine. N-(trans-3-Hydroxycotinine)-b-D-glucuronide can be used as an indicator for tobacco exposure or use.

16a-Hydroxyestrone 16-b-D-glucuronide is a conjugate of the hydroxyestrone and glucuronic acid. It is a metabolite of estradiol, which is the most potent estrogen produced by the human body. The compound has been found in urine, saliva, and breast milk. 16a-Hydroxyestrone 16-b-D-glucuronide is an inactive steroid that can be conjugated with glucuronic acid to form a water soluble molecule that can be excreted in the urine or bile.

2-Pyridyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-thioglucopyranoside is a custom synthesis of a monosaccharide with a polysaccharide. This compound is used in the modification of saccharides by fluorination and methylation. It also has click modification, which is the addition of an acetate to a glycosyl acceptor. The CAS number for this compound is 105120-89-6.

Norethindrone b-D-glucuronide is a synthetic steroid that has been modified to include a sugar group. This modification increases the solubility of the compound, which is necessary for its use as a progestogen in oral contraceptives. Norethindrone b-D-glucuronide is an orally active contraceptive that contains two sugar molecules that are attached to the hormone norethindrone. One sugar molecule is linked to the C2 carbon and the other is linked to the C3 carbon of norethindrone, forming a glucuronide ester. The glucuronide esters are more soluble than unconjugated norethindrone and this increased solubility allows for better absorption through mucous membranes.

2C-Hydroxymethyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-talono-1,4-lactone is a synthetic monosaccharide that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It can be fluorinated or methylated to form 2C-Fluoromethyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-(methyl)idene)-D-(talono)-1,4-lactone or 2C-(Methoxy)methyl -2,3:5,6 -di -O-(methyl)idene)-D-(talono)-1,4 -lactone. This product has been shown to have antiviral properties against HIV and influenza A virus.

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranosylamine is a methylated polysaccharide that has been modified with a click chemistry reaction. It can be used as a glycosylation site for the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This compound is an excellent carbohydrate building block for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranosylamine is available in high purity and CAS number 102039-79-2.

1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-galactofuranose is an oligosaccharide that is a modification of the natural monosaccharide D-galactofuranose. This carbohydrate has been synthesized by methylation and glycosylation. The chemical structure of this oligosaccharide has been shown to be resistant to digestion by mammalian enzymes. This product is for research purposes only and should not be used as a food additive or in any drug product.

Isopropyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromatographic agent used in liquid chromatography. It is a reaction product of polysaccharides and fatty acids, which are extracted from fruits. Isopropyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to inhibit the growth of typhimurium and other viruses in cell culture. The safety profile of this compound has not been established in humans and should be tested before use in vivo.

Furosemide acyl-b-D-glucuronide is a derivative of Furosemide. It is a potent diuretic that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. The drug is excreted by the kidney, and its clearance is dependent on urine flow rate. Furosemide acyl-b-D-glucuronide can be detected in human serum and urine samples following oral administration, but its detection in urine may be delayed due to its low solubility. This active form of the drug may also cause drug reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, which are most likely due to the acidic nature of this form. Hydrochloric acid increases the absorption of Furosemide acyl-b-D-glucuronide, so it is recommended to take this medication with an acidic beverage containing hydrochloric acid or food high in pyridinium content. The elimination half life for this active

Intermediate in the production of biosynthetic antibiotics

1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-D-glucopyranose is a custom synthesis that has been fluorinated and modified with methyl groups. It is used to synthesize complex carbohydrates and it can be used as a raw material for the production of oligosaccharides. 1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy--D--glucopyranose is soluble in water and ethanol and has a CAS number.

3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl isocyanate is a synthetic reagent that can be used to modify oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, and polysaccharides. It reacts with the hydroxyl group of the sugar molecule to form an ether linkage. This chemical reaction is called glycosylation. The product from this reaction is called as a glycoside. This product has a CAS number of 587-66-0 and can be synthesized in high purity.

Ethyl b-D-xylopyranoside is a sugar that is synthesized from the reaction of b-D-xylopyranoside with ethyl bromoacetate. The product of this reaction is a glycoside, which can be modified in many ways. It can be fluorinated, glycosylated, methylated, and/or modified in order to produce desired properties. Ethyl b-D-xylopyranoside has a molecular weight of 294.24 g/mol and a CAS number of 6743-62-0. This compound is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of complex carbohydrates or saccharides and it contains an oligosaccharide chain at its end.

6-O-Benzyl-2,3-di-O-acetyl-methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a high purity synthetic compound with a CAS number of 162284. It is a carbonyl sugar that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. The 6 position of the glucose monosaccharide has been acetylated to give an O6 benzyl group. This compound is used for glycosylation and click chemistry modifications.

Ketoprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. It binds to the enzyme cyclooxygenase, which prevents the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The binding constants have been measured using radiolabeled ketoprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide in urine samples from patients taking ketoprofen. Ketoprofen acyl-β-D-glucuronide has also been shown to be stereoselective for liver cells and fatty acid metabolism in humans. This drug has not been shown to produce covalent adducts with DNA or RNA.