APIs per la ricerca e le impurità

1-(5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine (5FPP) is a drug product. It is an impurity standard for HPLC and analytical methods, as well as an API impurity. 5FPP is a synthetic compound that has been studied in metabolism studies. The metabolite of 5FPP is 1-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-jk]thiazol-2(3H)-one).

Acarbose EP Impurity D is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product that is produced by the subtilis, which is a bacterium. Acarbose EP Impurity D has been shown to inhibit the growth of viruses and bacteria in vitro. It inhibits the synthesis of bioactive molecules by inhibiting the activity of cellular enzymes, such as polymerase chain reaction products. Acarbose EP Impurity D also inhibits viral replication and has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on HIV-1 protease.

Binospirone hydrochloride is a drug product that is used in the treatment of depression. It belongs to the class of antidepressants and has been shown to be effective against major depressive disorder (MDD). Binospirone hydrochloride is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes into two metabolites: 3-hydroxybinospirone and 2,3-dihydroxybinospirone. The natural form of binospirone hydrochloride is synthesized from tyrosine and phenylalanine. It is also found as an impurity in other pharmaceuticals, such as clomipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine. It has been shown that this compound binds to the serotonin transporter (SERT) at high affinity. This binding inhibits the reuptake of serotonin from synapses, leading to increased extracellular concentrations of serotonin.

Amlodipine besilate impurity A is a low-energy impurity that is formed in the crystallization process. It is an amide compound that has a hydrogen bond with crotonic acid and amlodipine, and can be found in acidic environments. The structural formula for this impurity is C8H14NO2S·C4H6O4·CH3OH.

(S)-4-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone is a lactam that has been synthesized in the laboratory. It is an organic solvent that is used in the synthesis of other compounds. The compound has a potential for producing impurities, such as isopropyl and phosphite, during synthesis. (S)-4-(2-Methylpropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone can be synthesized by reacting 2-methylpropionic acid with one equivalent of methylamine. This reaction takes place in an organic solvent and requires kinetic control to avoid side reactions.

Applications 3,5-Diiodo-4’-O-methyl Thyroacetic Acid Ethyl Ester is a derivative of 3,5-Diiodo Thyroacetic Acid (D455140), the acetic acid analog of Thyroxine (T425601). It is a reactant in the preparation of bifunctional thyrointegrin inhibitors, thyroxine (T425601) and triiodothyronine (T795380).
References Bridoux, A. et al.: J. Enz. Inh. Med. Chem., 26, 871 (2011); Wilkinson, J.: Biochem. J., 63, 601 (1956); Wilkinson, J.: Chem. Ind., 1352 (1955)

Applications epi-Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt-d7 is a labelled epimer analogue of Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt (G641255), which is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
References Ollila, F., et al.: Langmuir, 17, 7107 (2001); Uekama, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 52, 900 (2004); Tongiani, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 94, 2380 (2005);

Linagliptin impurity G is an impurity in the drug product Linagliptin. It is a natural substance and its CAS number is 668270-11-9. Impurity G can be synthesized from L-phenylalanine and cyclohexane carboxaldehyde in a two step process. The first step involves the reaction of L-phenylalanine with cyclohexane carboxaldehyde to yield methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, which then undergoes hydrolysis to give phenylcyclohexanol. In the second step, phenylcyclohexanol reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce phenylcyclohexanone, which is then oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to yield impurity G. Impurity G can also be found in the pharmacopoeia as a high purity HPLC standard for linagliptin.

2',3'-Di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine is a cytosine analog that is used as an industrial chemical. It is prepared by the reaction of 5'-deoxycytidine with acetic anhydride in the presence of sodium bicarbonate, followed by a purification procedure. 2',3'-Di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine reacts with toluene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to form 2',3'-di-O-acetyl 5'-deoxyfluorocytidine. This compound can be converted to 5'-deoxyfluorocytosine by heating in the presence of sodium tetrachloride. The yield for this process is high.

Simvastatin is a statin that reduces cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Simvastatin is an amide, which is a derivative of the drug substance with a chloride group. It is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations as an impurity in the synthesis of simvastatin. The presence of this impurity can be detected using chromatographic techniques, such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.

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Dabigatran impurity E is a potent kinase inhibitor that has shown promising results in the field of cancer research. It is an analog of a Chinese medicinal herb that has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including cancer. Dabigatran impurity E has been shown to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells by inhibiting the activity of specific kinases involved in cell replication and survival. This compound also exhibits anticancer properties by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Additionally, Dabigatran impurity E has been found in urine samples from cancer patients, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Overall, this compound holds great promise as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of cancers.

Amlodipine EP Impurity F maleate is an impurity of amlodipine, a drug product. It is a natural substance that has been classified as an API impurity in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The chemical name for this drug is 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5-(o-tolyloxy)-2,4-dihydro-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one. Amlodipine EP Impurity F maleate has the following properties: C12H9ClNO2S and a melting point of 210°C with a purity of 99.5%. This compound was synthesized by custom synthesis and is used as an analytical standard for HPLC. This compound was also used during the development of amlodipine to determine its metabolism studies.

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Tofacitinib dihydro impurity is a research and development impurity standard for the synthesis of Tofacitinib. It is a custom synthesis with high purity, pharmacopoeia grade, and synthetic. This product is also used in drug development for metabolism studies and analytical applications.

Simvastatin acid is the active form of simvastatin, a drug used to lower blood cholesterol levels. Simvastatin acid inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that converts HMG-CoA to mevalonate. This conversion is a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and other lipids. Simvastatin acid binds to polymerase chain and drug transporter proteins, which leads to cell lysis. The concentration–time curve for simvastatin acid is linear and the half-life is approximately 12 hours. When simvastatin acid is administered with drugs that are potent inducers of CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 enzymes, there may be an increased risk for drug interactions. Simvastatin acid has shown no significant human pharmacokinetic interactions with food or grapefruit juice at doses up to 200 mg/day. There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin

2-(2-Amino-5-bromobenzoyl)pyridine (2ABBP) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H7BrN3. It is a glucuronide conjugate of 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid and has been used as an immunological reagent in the form of a monoclonal antibody. 2ABBP binds to dryopteris, which is a plant species that contains polyphenols called pteridines. 2ABBP has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in rat liver microsomes and cell culture experiments. The mechanism of action may involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, which are involved in prostaglandin synthesis. 2ABBP also binds to human serum albumin and chaperones, proteins that bind other proteins or small molecules. The biological activity of 2ABBP may be due to its ability to form coval

Pantoprazole sulphide is a benzimidazole derivative that has been synthesized in an asymmetric synthesis. The purified compound was characterized by its nmr spectra, which showed the presence of the carboethoxy group and the chromatographic method. The compound belongs to a family of inhibitors known as benzimidazole derivatives and has shown inhibitory activity against a number of bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pantoprazole sulphide has been used as an inhibitor to treat gastric acid pump disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is also used for treating pathological conditions such as duodenal ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Atorvastatin is a drug product with an impurity of atorvastatin cyclic sodium salt (isopropyl). The synthesis of this compound can be found in the natural and synthetic routes. Impurity standard is used to identify impurities in drugs and is necessary for pharmacopoeia, research and development, and analytical work. This compound has been shown to have high purity, analytical, metabolism studies, natural, drug development, and pharmacopoeia. CAS No. 1316291-19-6 is the impurity standard for this compound.

Apixaban Impurity 1 is an impurity found in Apixaban, a drug used for the prevention of stroke. It is produced by condensation of 2-aminopyridine and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde in ethanol with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The reaction proceeds via amination of the pyridine ring followed by transesterification. The yield of this impurity is low at about 4%.

Amiodarone impurity E is a nucleophilic compound that is synthesized by the acylation of a diazonium salt with an amine. It has been shown to be active against staphylococci, but not against subtilis. The reaction may be catalyzed by acid or chloride. Amiodarone impurity E is also demethylated and dehydrated to form the final product, amiodarone.

Pemetrexed is an antifolate drug that is used to treat cancer. It is a prodrug of pemetrexed disodium, which is converted to pemetrexed in the body by esterases. Pemetrexed is metabolized to its active form, D-pemetrexed, which inhibits DNA synthesis and the growth of cells by inhibiting thymidylate synthase. D-Pemetrexed hydrate is a high purity, pharmacopoeia grade impurity standard for use in research and development or as a custom synthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain types of cancer cells and can be used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Gentamicin Impurity

1-Fluoronaphthalene is a polyunsaturated compound that is used in analytical chemistry for the determination of test samples. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme IDO1, which plays an important role in the regulation of immune function, and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. 1-Fluoronaphthalene can be synthesized by reacting n-dimethyl formamide with hydrogen fluoride and then adding a diazonium salt and hydrochloric acid. The UV absorption spectrum of 1-fluoronaphthalene displays a maximum at 248 nm. This compound binds to cation channels on cells, causing hyperpolarization.

Sitagliptin monohydrochloride monohydrate is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which is responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones. It is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as it increases insulin secretion and reduces blood glucose levels. Recent studies have shown that Sitagliptin has anticancer properties, as it induces apoptosis in cancer cells. It also inhibits protein kinases, which are involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Capsaicin, a compound found in chili peppers, has been shown to enhance the anticancer activity of Sitagliptin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The drug is excreted primarily through urine and has a low potential for drug interactions with other kinase inhibitors. Overall, Sitagliptin monohydrochloride monohydrate shows great promise as both a diabetes medication and an anticancer agent.

Pramipexole EP Impurity C is a synthetic impurity that is used as an impurity standard in the manufacture of Pramipexole EP. It is also used as a research and development tool for drug product, custom synthesis, CAS No. 1973461-14-1, and analytical studies. This compound has been shown to be a metabolite of Pramipexole EP and may have pharmacological properties. Pramipexole EP Impurity C has been found to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates.

1-Oxo mirtazapine is a metabolite of mirtazapine. It is a synthetic compound and is not found in nature. This product is a research and development impurity standard for the preparation of drug product, which has been synthesized to be highly pure. The material is used for drug development, including pharmacopoeia requirements for analytical studies and metabolism studies. 1-Oxo mirtazapine has been shown to have niche applications in pharmacopoeia and as an HPLC standard.

Clarithromycin EP Impurity A is an analytical standard for clarithromycin. Clarithromycin EP Impurity A is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in methanol, acetone, and chloroform. It has a molecular weight of 459.23 Da and the chemical formula C18H26N2O5S. Clarithromycin EP Impurity A is an impurity found in clarithromycin that has been isolated from the product by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Clarithromycin EP Impurity A can be used as a reference standard for pharmacopoeia testing or as a research and development sample for drug development. It can also be synthesized from natural or synthetic sources.

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Terbinafine is a drug used in the treatment of onychomycosis, tinea versicolor and dandruff. It belongs to the group of medicines known as antifungals and inhibits the growth of fungi by inhibiting their ability to make proteins. Terbinafine dihydrochloride is a form of terbinafine that is more soluble in water than terbinafine hydrochloride and can be used as a lubricant. Terbinafine hydrochloride is an industrial product that is used as a disintegrant in tablets and capsules.