Peptidi

Peptide H-VSVFVPPR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

Z-Val-Lys-Met-MCA is a synthetic peptide that can act as an inhibitor or activator. Z-Val-Lys-Met-MCA binds to the receptor and inhibits the receptor from binding with its ligand, which prevents activation of the receptor. It also has been shown to activate other receptors, such as ion channels, by binding to them. This makes it an important research tool for understanding protein interactions.

Boc-p-Aminobenzoic Acid is an extracellular peptidase inhibitor that has been shown to be damaging to cells. It is a conjugate of p-aminobenzoic acid with the unusual amino acid Boc, which inhibits the activity of proteinases and peptidases. This drug is used for the treatment of emphysema, an autoimmune disease, and prostate carcinoma. It has also been shown to inhibit the growth of some tumor cells by blocking cell division and DNA synthesis. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) is responsible for the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions in tissues. Boc-p-Aminobenzoic Acid can inhibit CAII, which may lead to tissue damage or death.

Boc-Phe-OH is a group P2, amide compound. It has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity and has been used in the synthesis of peptides. Boc-Phe-OH is an inhibitor of aminopeptidases and has been shown to inhibit the growth of herpes simplex virus. As a result, it is a useful tool for studying the biological function of these enzymes.

Octreotide is a drug that belongs to the macrocycle class of polymers. It is used in the treatment of cancer, as well as for diseases such as diabetes mellitus and acromegaly. Octreotide has been shown to inhibit p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and other drug transporters, which leads to an increase in oral bioavailability. In addition, octreotide also inhibits cellular proliferation by interfering with intracellular signalling pathways and protein synthesis. This drug has been shown to have a wide range of biochemical properties and is being investigated as an investigational agent for the treatment of various cancers.

A truncated analog of Obestatin, a 23 amino acid gastrointestinal peptide, encoded for by the ghrelin gene and is known to reduce food intake through supressing appetite. This peptide has been found to influence the pancreas, cardiovascular system and adipose tissues as well as the gastrointestinal system. One study showed that when high-fat diet fed rats were given chronic administration of obestatin it prevented the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Consequently Obestatin has the potential to be used in preventing obesity-related diseases.

Amastatin is a synthetic product that inhibits peptidases. It is an inhibitor of the protease enzyme and can be used in the treatment of bladder infections caused by Chlamydia parvum. Amastatin has also been shown to inhibit Aminopeptidase, which is an enzyme that cleaves amino acids from proteins, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. Amastatin has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on proteases in the striatal membranes of rats and may be useful in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

Enkephalins are a group of endogenous peptides that are the most potent natural analgesic and have been shown to relieve pain by inhibiting neurotransmitters. The (Met(O)5)-enkephalin analog is a structural analog of the enkephalin peptide with a sulfoxide linkage at position 5. This analog has been shown to inhibit acetylcholine release from intestinal ganglia, which may be related to its effects on postsynaptic potentials and glutamate release. This compound also absorbs in the small intestine, where it is taken into the blood stream and transported to the brain. The (Met(O)5)-enkephalin analog has been shown to reduce pain in Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as inhibit intestinal transit time and stimulate intestinal motility.

Boc-D-Trp-OH is a trisubstituted, enantiomerically pure, excitatory amino acid. It has been shown to stimulate the release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and to have potent antitumor activity. Boc-D-Trp-OH is an unsaturated ketone that can be used as a building block for peptide synthesis. The disulfide bond present in this molecule may be reduced by the addition of DTT or DTE. This compound has also been shown to have cardiac hypertrophy inhibiting effects, due to its ability to inhibit PDE5 enzyme activity.

Fmoc-Pro-OH is a peptide that contains the Fmoc protecting group. It is used in the synthesis of peptides and has been shown to be effective against microbial infections with marine sponges. The synthesis of this compound can be carried out on an on-line automated peptide synthesizer. The Fmoc protecting group is removed by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in dichloromethane, which leaves the side chain unprotected. This compound has a high binding affinity for the receptor site of fibrinogen and can potentially inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause bacterial infection, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Fmoc-Pro-OH can also be used to synthesize other functional groups such as sulfamoyl groups or acetonitrile groups, depending on the desired outcome.

Urate oxidase is a flavoenzyme that catalyses the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin. It is present in many organisms, including fungi and primates. Urate oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin via the reduction of oxygen to water with concomitant production of hydrogen peroxide. There are four forms of urate oxidase found in nature: tetrameric, dimeric, monomeric, and recombinant. The recombinant form has been shown to be effective against hyperuricaemia in primates and humans with lymphoid malignancies.

The [FITC]-Ahx-(KKEEE)3K carrier peptide contains the fluorescent label fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), where the isothiocyanate can generate a stable thiourea linkage through reacting with the amine group present on protein molecules. The Ahx group (1,6-aminohexanoic acid) is used as a spacer to N-terminally link the FITC to the (KKEEE)3K carrier peptide. The (KKEEE)3K peptide sequence has shown significant specific renal targeting, thus giving it kidney-specific drug carrier properties. In particular its ability to target drugs to the proximal tubule cells of the kidney suggests potential to aid in the treatment of renal diseases.

Truncated version of SBP1, the fragment of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptidase domain (PD) α1 helix important for the interaction of ACE2 with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS coronavirus receptor binding domain (SARS-CoV-2-RBD). Unlike SBP1, SBP2 does not associate with the spike RBD protein.This peptide has a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification and contains a polyethylene glycol spacer (PEG4).

Alpha-synuclein (1-13) is derived from the alpha-synuclein intrinsically disordered protein which is found in neurons and presynaptic terminals. Encoded by the SNCA1/PARK1 gene alpha-synclein is structurally composed of 140 amino acids, making up the three domains: N-terminal membrane binding domain, a hydrophobic non-amyloid-β component domain and a hydrophilic C-terminal domain. Usually alpha-synuclein plays a role in protecting neurons from apoptotic stimuli and is involved in synaptic vesical trafficking.Accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. It is further involved in the fibrilisation of amyloid β and tau which play a major role in Alzheimer disease. Amyloid fibrils are formed from alpha synuclein monomers within the cytosol and when bound to membranes these monomers can undergo conformational changes to form protofibrils and then ring like oligomers. This can result in the formation of transmembrane pores which disrupts the membrane, calcium homeostasis and signalling.In familial Parkinson disease the SNCA1 gene, can be subjected to point mutations such as A30P, E46K and A53T, or over expression. These can result in the increased aggregation of alpha-synuclein.

1D,6L-Lanthionine vasopressin

SCO-spondin is a large multi-domain glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). SCO-spondin is expressed and secreted in early development by the subcommissural organ (SCO), an ependymal differentiation of the brain. SCO-spondin is part of the Reissner's fiber (RF), a thread-like structure in the spinal cord and is involved in axonal pathfinding, development of brain commissural fibres and spinal cord regeneration in vertebrates. SCO-spondin also interferes with several developmental processes including: neuronal development- axonal pathfinding- neuronal survival- neurite extension- neuronal aggregation, and fasciculation.SCO-spondin has several conserved domains, including 26 thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSR), nine low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) type A domains, two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, and N- and C-terminal von Willebrand factor (vWF) cysteine-rich domains. The TSR motifs are highly important in many of SCO-spondins neuronal responses.NX210 corresponds to part of the SCO-spondin TSR sequence, it can increase adhesivity and neuritic outgrowth and is involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. NX210 can increase cell survival and induce neurite outgrowth.

Thrombin is the main effector of the coagulation cascade- it is a serine protease. Thrombin binds to active protease activated receptor (PAR) which belongs to a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Thrombin activation of mouse PAR-4 reveals an amino terminus sequence of GYPGKF. This is the natural ligand for PAR-4. GYPGKF binds internally to the receptor and leads to signalling activation. Identification of GYPGKF as a PAR-4 agonist has allowed better understand of the function of PAR. Addition of GYPGKF to PAR-4 expressing cell lines achieved 55% of the maximal response of thrombin. GYPGKF can provide understanding of PAR-4 and a template for more potent agonists.

Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD. Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then γ-secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS. Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival.

SMAC/DIABLO [Lys(5-FAM)] is a pro-apoptotic peptide that is derived from the mitochondrial protein known either as Second Mitochondria-Derived Activator of Caspases (Smac) or Direct IAP Binding Protein with low isoelectric point, pI (DIABLO). During apoptosis the mitochondria has increased permeability to Smac/DIABLO, which causes the protein to diffuse into the cytosol. Here, Smac/DIABLO adheres to Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and prevents them from binding to caspases, which in turn accentuates apoptosis.This peptide has a C-terminal lysine linker labelled with 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used, green fluorescent tag.

ANP (13-26) is derived from the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) which is a cardiac hormone involved in maintaining cardio-renal homeostasis. This occurs through the activation of the guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptor, resulting in the increased concentration of cyclic guanylate monophosphate. Moreover its function in the processes of anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis allow it to take part in the cardiovascular remodelling process.ANP is a member of the natriuretic peptide family and it is encoded by the NPPA gene, located on chromosome 1. Once synthesized from the 151 amino acid pre-prohormone into its biologically active form, ANP is secreted by the atrial cardiomyocytes in the circulating forms: ANP (1-98) and ANP (99-126). This synthesis process involves the signal peptide being removed from the pre-prohormone resulting in proANP (1-126) which is converted into the circulating forms by the type II transmembrane serine protease Corin.

KR-12-a5 (6-DL).

Aβ has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD.Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein- APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then &γ--secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS. Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival.

Numerous studies have found BMAP-28 to have AMP activity against various bacteria, fungi, and some parasites such as Leishmania. Of note, studies show it inhibits multi-drug resistant (pan-resistant) species of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including Acinetobacter baumanniim, Pasteurella multocida, and MRSA. With the rise in antibiotic-resistant species, BMAP-28 is a useful discovery for creating new more potent analogues.In mammalian studies BMAP-28 induces cancer cell death and prevents growth, via inducing mitochondrial pore opening and depolarisation leading to cell apoptosis making it a target for future cancer treatment.

Herceptide

Substrate for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main protease (SARS-CoV Mpro). The substrate sequence is derived from residues P4-P5' of the SARS-CoV Mpro N-terminal autoprocessing site and was identified by a docking study. This substrate binds to and acts as a competitive inhibitor of SARS-CoV Mpro, (3CLpro).Experiments show that the octapeptide AVLQSGFR is bound to SARS-CoV Mpro through six hydrogen bonds. It is an effective inhibitor of SARS coronavirus with an EC50 of 2.7 x 10-2 mg/L and is able to block replication of the virus. The octapeptide also shows no detectable toxicity in the host cells.