Antibióticos

Piericidin A is a microbial metabolite, specifically a type of polyketide, which is derived from the bacterium of the genus Streptomyces. This compound acts as an electron transport chain inhibitor by specifically binding to the ubiquinone binding site of complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) in mitochondria. This mode of action results in the disruption of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation.

Cefotiam is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a beta-lactam compound derived from the mold Acremonium. It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, particularly by targeting penicillin-binding proteins, which leads to cell lysis and death in susceptible bacteria. This mechanism of action makes it effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Mitomycin D is an antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agent known for its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis, making it a potent antitumor agent. It is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces caespitosus*. Mitomycin D functions as a DNA crosslinking agent by alkylating the DNA strands, which interferes with DNA replication and transcription. This mechanism leads to the cessation of cellular division and ultimately induces apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells.

A macrolide, broad-spectrum antibiotic that targets cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4). Clarithromycin has been used to potentiate the pharmacological effects of some drugs that are metabolised by the cytochrome P450.

Aclacinomycin HCl is a cytotoxic antibiotic that inhibits the growth of tumor cells. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells by altering the transmembrane potential and inhibiting cell proliferation. Aclacinomycin HCl also induces DNA damage response, which leads to caspase activities and cell death. This drug is highly selective for tumor cells, with no effect on normal cells. It has been shown to be effective against primary liver cancer in animal models, as well as developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Erythromycylamine is a semisynthetic antibiotic, which is derived from the parent compound erythromycin. This compound is sourced from the fermentation product of the bacterium *Saccharopolyspora erythraea*. Erythromycylamine acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, specifically targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit, which ultimately leads to the disruption of bacterial cell growth and replication.

Inducer of apoptosis; translational inhibitor; aminonucleoside antibiotic

Desmethyl doxorubicin oxalate is an anthracycline-type chemotherapeutic agent, which is derived from the naturally occurring antibiotic doxorubicin. This compound comprises a desmethylated form of doxorubicin combined with oxalate. Its mode of action involves intercalating DNA strands and inhibiting topoisomerase II, thereby disrupting DNA replication and transcription. This interference leads to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.

Thienamycin is a β-lactam antibiotic, which originates from the fermentation of the bacterium *Streptomyces cattleya*. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Thienamycin accomplishes this by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) critical for peptidoglycan construction, thereby disrupting cell wall integrity and leading to bacterial lysis.