Silanos

<p>Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding<br>Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.<br>Phenylmethylbis(dimethylamino)silane; Bis(dimethylamino)methylphenylsilane; Bis(dimethylamino)phenylmethylsilane; N,N,N',N',1-Pentamethyl-1-phenylsilanediamine<br></p>

<p>Siloxane-Based Silane Reducing Agent<br>Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure.<br>1,3,5,7,9-Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane; D'5; Methyl hydrogen cyclic pentamer; 2,4,6,8,10-Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane<br>ΔHvap: 47.3 kJ/molContains other cyclic homologsExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007<br></p>

<p>Diamino Functional Trialkoxy Silane<br>Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.<br>N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; N-[3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl]-1,2-ethanediamine; N-[3-(Triethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine<br>Primary amine with an internal secondary amine coupling agent for UV cure and epoxy systemsUsed in microparticle surface modificationSlower hydrolysis rate than SIA0591.0 and SIA0592.6<br></p>

<p>Phenyl-Containing Blocking Agent<br>Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure.<br>Aromatic Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding<br>Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.<br>Diphenyltetramethyldisilazane; N-(Dimethylphenylsilyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1-phenyl silane amine; N-(Dimethylphenylsilyl)-1,1-dimethyl-1-phenylsilylamine<br>Similar to SIP6728.0Emits ammonia upon reactionUsed for silylation of capillary columnsSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure<br></p>

<p>SIVATE A610 (Activated AMEO)<br>Activated silane blend of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SIA0610.0) and (1-(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl)-2,2-diethoxy-1-aza-silacyclopentane (SIT8187.2)Reacts at high speed (seconds compared to hours)Does not require moisture or hydrolysis to initiate surface reactivityReacts with a greater variety of substratesPrimer for high speed UV cure systems (e.g. acrylated urethanes)<br>Activated Amine Functional Trialkoxy Silane<br>Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.<br></p>

<p>Triethoxysilyl modified poly-1,2-butadiene; vinyltriethoxysilane-1,2-butadiene copolymer; triethoxysilyl modified poly(1,2-butadiene)<br>Multi-functional polymeric trialkoxy silane50% in volatile silicone (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane)Hydrophobic modified polybutadieneViscosity: 600-1200 cStPrimer coating for silicone rubbers<br></p>

<p>Fluoroalkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding<br>Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.<br>[Perfluoro(polypropyleneoxy)]methoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; (1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyl)trimethoxysilane; Heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane<br>Contact angle, water: 112 ° 20% in fluorinated hydrocarbonTrialkoxy silane<br></p>

<p>Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding<br>Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure.<br>n-Decyltriethoxysilane; Triethoxysilyldecane<br>Trialkoxy silane<br></p>

<p>Tipped PEG Silane (438.68 g/mol)<br>PEG3C11 Silane3,3-Dimethoxy-2,15,18,24-pentaoxa-3-silapentacosanePEO, Trimethoxysilane termination utilized for hydrophilic surface modificationPEGylation reagentHydrogen bonding hydrophilic silane<br></p>

<p>Olefin Functional Alkoxy Silane<br>Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials.<br>Dipodal Silane<br>Dipodal silanes are a series of adhesion promoters that have intrinsic hydrolytic stabilities up to ~10,000 times greater than conventional silanes and are used in applications such as plastic optics, multilayer printed circuit boards and as adhesive primers for ferrous and nonferrous metals. They have the ability to form up to six bonds to a substrate compared to conventional silanes with the ability to form only three bonds to a substrate. Many conventional coupling agents are frequently used in combination with 10-40% of a non-functional dipodal silane, where the conventional coupling agent provides the appropriate functionality for the application, and the non-functional dipodal silane provides increased durability. Dipodal silanes additives enhance hydrolytic stability, which impacts on increased product shelf life, ensures better substrate bonding and also leads to improved mechanical properties in coatings as well as composite applications.<br>1,2-Bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene; 4,4,7,7-Tetraethoxy-3,8-dioxa-4,7-disiladec-5-ene<br>~80% trans isomerForms ethylene-bridged mesoporous silicas<br></p>