Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,4-Dimethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid is a dianion that is used as a fungicide. It has been shown to be effective against many plant diseases, including powdery mildews, rusts, and sooty molds. The methyl ester of 2,4-dimethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid can be synthesized in the laboratory from cyclohexanone and methylamine. The reactive methyl group of the dianion catalyzes the reaction with hydroxyl groups on other molecules, forming an amide or alkylating agent. This reaction occurs stereoselectively when one of the hydrogens on the carbon adjacent to the carboxylate group is also replaced by a methyl group.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Methoxypyridin-3-ol is a nitro compound that can be used as a lead compound to produce an inhibitor of oxime reductase. It can also be used as a pyridine ring, which is an important functional group in many organic compounds. 2-Methoxypyridin-3-ol has the ability to inhibit the enzyme oxime reductase, which catalyzes the formation of hydroxyl radicals from nitrosating agents and hydroxylamine, leading to their detoxification. This substance has been shown to be efficient in the orientation of nitro groups and ethers.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Propylpyrazole is a non-classical inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase that has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on pentane. 1-Propylpyrazole has peroxidase-like activity, which means it can bind to lipid hydroperoxides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide or peroxidase. It has also been shown to be an effective inhibitor of dehydrogenase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes and ketones to carboxylic acids. This drug is not active against classical aldehyde oxidases such as alcohol dehydrogenase, but it does inhibit polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis by binding with cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

JMS-17-2 is a small molecule that was shown to have a potent and selective inhibitory effect on the production of chemokines in cancer cells. It blocks the interaction between CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4. This interaction is important for normal bone tissue development and function, as well as for chemotaxis and metastasis of cancer cells. JMS-17-2 has been shown to prevent tumor growth in animal models by inhibiting angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients to tumors. The drug also inhibits tumor growth by decreasing the number of primary tumors, reducing bone lesions, and inhibiting the progression of pancreatic cancer. Clinical trials are currently being conducted to assess the efficacy of JMS-17-2 in humans with advanced solid tumors.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one is a hydrobromide that has been found in the environment as an environmental pollutant. Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one is used to synthesize amides and has been studied by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. The molecule is centrosymmetric, with a molecular weight of 244.06 g/mol. Tetrahydroquinolin-2(1H)-one can be used as a ligand for metals such as chlorine and magnesium. It does not dissolve in water but does dissolve in organic solvents such as ethers, chloroform, or benzene.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Cyclohexylpropane-1,3-diol is a substrate for porcine pancreatic lipase. It is hydrolyzed by this enzyme, which is stereoselective and enantioselective. 2-Cyclohexylpropane-1,3-diol also has properties that are similar to angiotensin, a peptide that is secreted by the human body. This substance can be used as a solvent for other organic compounds in chemical reactions.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Methylbenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde is a divalent hydrocarbon that has an oxidation catalyst. This compound is used as an intermediate in the production of drugs and pharmaceuticals. It has been shown to have cardiovascular disorders, such as vasodilatation and hypotension. The mechanism of action is not fully understood but may be related to its ability to act as a nitrovasodilator by increasing nitric oxide (NO) release. 2-Methylbenzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde also produces psychotic disorders when long term exposure occurs. This compound has been shown to have neurotoxic effects in animal models with long term exposure.

Ethyl 2-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate is a hydroxy derivative of the amino acid tyrosine. It inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA. This in turn affects dopamine synthesis and has an inhibitory effect on rat brain. Ethyl 2-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetate also inhibits methylmagnesium borohydride in vitro, which is a reagent that breaks down esters, amides, and nitriles. Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by the presence of two hydroxy groups on the ethyl side chain and one hydroxy group on the indole ring. It can be used as a structural analogue for other drugs that are used to treat Parkinson's disease or depression.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1,3-Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione (1) is a new fungicide that was shown to have fungicidal activity in vitro against the grapevine pathogens Plasmopara viticola and Plasmopara obducens. This compound has been isolated from the plant Express erythroxylum coca (Erythroxylum coca). The compound belongs to the class of diaza spiro compounds and is a member of a family of diaza spiro compounds with antifungal activity. One possible mode of action for 1 is that it inhibits the synthesis of DNA by binding to bacterial DNA gyrase.

3-Acetylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione is an experimental drug that belongs to the class of metal hydroxides. It has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo against a variety of malignant tumors. 3-Acetylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione also inhibits the growth of pigweed and other plants by inhibiting the production of tenuazonic acid. This compound is a tautomeric form of tenuazonic acid, which is also known as 2,4-pentanedione. The carboxylate group on this molecule may be responsible for its herbicidal activity.

2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluorobutyric acid is a hydroxylated organic compound. It has been shown to be more chemically stable than other quaternary ammonium compounds. 2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluorobutyric acid is used as a polymerization initiator for the preparation of cationic polymers. This chemical can also be used to fragment proteins and nucleic acids in order to prepare samples for analysis by mass spectrometry. 2HFBA is reactive and can cause irritation on contact with the skin or eyes. It has been shown that this chemical may have an effect on body mass index and can bind to calcium ions.

(S)-(+)-1-Bromo-2-methylbutane is a chiral molecule with two stereoisomers, the cis and trans forms. The cis form has been observed to be the more stable of the two. It is a functional theory that these two forms are not mirror images of each other because they have different conformations. (S)-(+)-1-Bromo-2-methylbutane has been used in the synthesis of a number of important molecules. The stereoisomers can be distinguished by conformational analysis and optical microscopy. (S)-(+)-1-Bromo-2-methylbutane also has an application in biotechnology for use as a precursor for hydrazones, which are important in organic chemistry and molecular biology, such as DNA sequencing.

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.