Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Ethyl 5-oxoheptanoate is a clear, colorless liquid that can be synthesized by reacting benzene with acetone. The synthesis of ethyl 5-oxoheptanoate is an example of a Friedel-Crafts reaction. This chemical is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and cyclohexane and has low toxicity. It can be used as a reagent for the preparation of esters from alcohols, phenols, or carboxylic acids. Ethyl 5-oxoheptanoate can also be used to prepare resorcinol, which is a precursor to polymers and dyes, by hydrogenation of the molecule. Preparative methods are often used to produce this product because it has limited solubility in water.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Isoguvacine is an alkaloid that belongs to the group of pharmacological agents. It has been shown to have a synergic effect with other drugs, such as 5-HT2 receptor antagonists and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, at the level of the plate test. Isoguvacine inhibits the cyclase enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cAMP. The inhibition leads to a decrease in cAMP levels and consequently a decrease in intracellular calcium levels. This drug also blocks glutamate receptors on neurons, preventing their activation by glutamate.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-(Thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a peptide that belongs to the class of sulfonamides. It is an activator of ion channels and receptors, which may be useful in the study of life sciences and pharmacology. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein interactions by binding to receptor sites on cells and ligand sites on proteins. 4-(Thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid also binds to the antibody, which enhances the immune response in animals by increasing the production of antibodies against bacterial antigens.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Chloro-N-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide is a potent and selective inhibitor of the protein kinase C (PKC). The PKC protein kinases are enzymes that regulate the activity of cells in response to stimuli. 2-Chloro-N-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide has been shown to be effective against some viruses and tumor cells, but not against bacteria. It inhibits the growth of some cancer cells and has been shown to inhibit the replication of animal viruses such as influenza virus. This drug is also used for treatment of abdominal infections, hepatitis, pancreatitis, mesenteric adenitis, and animals with cancer. 2-Chloro-N-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide can act as a noncompetitive inhibitor by binding to a site on the enzyme that is different from ATP binding site.

1,3-Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione (1) is a new fungicide that was shown to have fungicidal activity in vitro against the grapevine pathogens Plasmopara viticola and Plasmopara obducens. This compound has been isolated from the plant Express erythroxylum coca (Erythroxylum coca). The compound belongs to the class of diaza spiro compounds and is a member of a family of diaza spiro compounds with antifungal activity. One possible mode of action for 1 is that it inhibits the synthesis of DNA by binding to bacterial DNA gyrase.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Ethyl-2-ethynylbenzene is an indene that can be synthesized by the reaction of 1-ethylbenzene with ethynylmagnesium bromide and trifluoroacetyl chloride. 1-Ethyl-2-ethynylbenzene reacts as a nucleophile with electrophiles, such as phenylsulfonyl and acetylene compounds, to form sulfones and acetylenes. It can also react with tetrafluoroborates to form indenes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl formate is a solubilized ATP analog that has been clinically developed for the treatment of cancer. This drug binds to cell membranes and causes alkylation of the acidic phospholipids in the membrane, leading to increased permeability of the membrane and release of intracellular components. 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl formate also interacts with lysosomes and increases their acidity, which may lead to an increase in lysosomal enzyme activity. This drug has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model by binding to erythrocytes while it was being simultaneously administered intravenously. The chemical structures of this drug are closely related to those of phaseolus, which is known for its anticancer effects.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine is a piperidine derivative that has been shown to have antidepressant activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. It acts as an antagonist at the 5-HT1A receptor and as an agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor. 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine has been shown to inhibit the production of dopamine, serotonin, and citric acid by inhibiting the enzyme citrate synthase. This drug also increases the concentration of chloride ions in cells. 1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)piperazine is used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other conditions that may be related to chemical imbalances of serotonin.

N,N-Dimethylcyclohexanecarboxamide is an acid salt of besylate that is used as a drug for the treatment of hyperglycemia. It has been shown to have a rapid onset and short duration of action. The chemical name for N,N-Dimethylcyclohexanecarboxamide is 1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine 2,4-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester. This compound inhibits insulin release from the pancreas and stimulates glucagon release from the alpha cells in the pancreas. These effects lead to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Di-n-octylamine is a reactive chemical that is chemically stable in the presence of nitrogen. It is used in chemical biology as a transport agent for amines and other organic compounds. Di-n-octylamine has been shown to have optimum solubility in glycol ethers, magnesium salts, and trifluoroacetic acid. This compound reacts with fatty acids to form hydroxyl groups and can be used as an extractant for glycol ethers. The mechanism of this reaction involves intramolecular hydrogen transfer from the hydroxyl group on the fatty acid to the n-octyl amine molecule.

1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-2(3H)-thione is a crystalline solid that belongs to the class of imidazoles. It has been synthesized by reacting 1,2-dibromoethane with sodium methoxide in methanol. The compound was found to have a melting point of about 183°C and a molecular weight of 212.06 g/mol. This compound has been shown to interact with methanol, methoxide, and ethoxy groups. Crystallization occurs when the substance is heated to about 183°C in vacuum and then cooled slowly.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Chloro-3-iodo-quinoline is a ligand that has been shown to have agonistic activity with the immune system. It has been demonstrated to be an adjuvant in vaccines, and has been shown to be effective against furan, chlorine, and azide. 4-Chloro-3-iodo-quinoline is structurally related to 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline, which is a pharmacological agent used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The pharmacological effects of 4-chloro-3-iodo quinoline may be due to its ability to bind with toll like receptor.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.