Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzonitrile is an acylsulfonamide that has been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a lung injury model. The compound has shown activity against cxcr2, which is a receptor for monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1α). 2-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzonitrile also inhibits carboxylic acid production and is orally bioavailable.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

HS-173 is a synthetic nucleoside analog that has transcription-polymerase chain inhibitory activity. HS-173 inhibits the expression of genes by binding to the major groove of DNA and blocking the progression of transcription. This drug also induces autophagy to eliminate damaged or dysfunctional cells, as well as regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition, HS-173 has been shown to have synergistic effects with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and radiation in hl-60 cells and monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen in k562 cells.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-(Acetyloxy)butanoic acid is a vasoconstrictor that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and other types of disorders. This compound has been shown to modulate the immune system by increasing the number of T-cells and natural killer cells. 4-(Acetyloxy)butanoic acid also provides a targetable strategy for the treatment of cancer by implanting radioactive isotopes or chemotherapeutic drugs in proximity to tumor cells. The drug can also be administered through iontophoresis or hyperthermia, which have been shown to increase its effectiveness.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Acetylmorpholine is a recycled amide that is synthesized from an alkanolamine and an acylation reaction. It has been used in the dehydrating of organic compounds, such as reaction solution, and for the preparation of acrylamide. 4-Acetylmorpholine is also used as a viscosity control agent in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons. Its chemical structure consists of a carbonyl group and an aromatic hydrocarbon. 4-Acetylmorpholine can be synthesized by reacting acetaldehyde with ammonia or thiourea with methyl chloride or ethylene oxide.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

10-Hydroxydecanoic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has the ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid has been shown to be effective in treating inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and psoriasis. It is also used to treat lacrimal gland inflammation, and caco-2 cells have been shown to have a maximal response to this drug. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid is synthesized from trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid by an acylation reaction with silver ions in a nonpolar solvent, followed by heating. This compound can be separated from other fatty acids using an analytical technique called thin layer chromatography (TLC).

Benzenesulfonanilide is a compound that is soluble in water. It has potent antagonists against the chemokine receptor CXCR2 and the chemokine CCL5. The molecular weight of benzenesulfonanilide is 212.2 g/mol, and it has a fluorine atom at the 2-position on the benzene ring, a carbonyl group (-C=O) at the 2-position on the benzene ring, and a nitro group (-NO2) at the 3-position on the benzene ring. The structural formula for benzenesulfonanilide is shown below: