Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde is a nitrate that has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells by binding to bromodomains in their DNA, thereby preventing transcription and replication. 2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde also inhibits the production of nitric oxide, which may lead to an inhibitory effect on tumour angiogenesis. The stereoisomers of this compound are used as precursors for the synthesis of ammonium nitrate, which is used as a fertilizer and explosive. 2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde is also used in organic synthesis as a precursor for acetylation or halide reactions with palladium complexes or halides.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>2-Bromocyclopentanone is an organic molecule that is used in the synthesis of epoxides. It is also a potential precursor for the synthesis of polymers, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. 2-Bromocyclopentanone has been shown to undergo photolysis when irradiated with ultraviolet light or through chemical reaction with acetonitrile. This product has two conformers with different rotational barriers and corresponding spectral properties. The two conformers can be distinguished by their ultraviolet spectra. The synthetic methods for 2-bromocyclopentanone involve halogenation followed by hydrolysis to yield bromoacetic acid, which is then converted to the desired product by acylation or alkylation.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

(2S,6S)-2,6-Dimethylmorpholine is an optically pure compound that can be used to optimize the epoxidase reaction. It belongs to the class of morpholines and has two enantiomers. The (2R,6R)-enantiomer is more active than the (2S,6S)-enantiomer in catalyzing the epoxidase reaction. The temperature optima for both enantiomers are different with the (2R,6R)-enantiomer having a higher optimal temperature than the (2S,6S) enantiomer. This compound can be used as a chiral auxiliary to separate racemic mixtures by focusing on one enantiomer at a time. It can also be used as an analytical method for determining plate number and plate height.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Bromo-PEG4-azide is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Bromo-PEG4-azide is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenylmethanethiol is a reactive molecule that reacts with dopamine D3, an important cytosolic protein, to form a stable covalent bond. This reaction was shown to be pH-dependent and the products were identified by x-ray diffraction data. The disulfide bond formed by this reaction is then reduced to the corresponding sulfhydryl group with sodium borohydride or hydroxide solution. 4-Nitrophenylmethanethiol also reacts with inorganic acid and sodium carbonate to form a molecule containing carbapenem, which is a model protein used in research on chemical reactions. 4-Nitrophenylmethanethiol reacts with chloride ions and phenyl groups to yield hydrochloric acid as the final product of the chemical reaction.</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Dimethyl pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate is an organic compound that is used as a precursor to make other chemicals. It is a pyridinedicarboxylic acid and it can be synthesized from the reduction of pyridine with sodium borohydride in ethanol. Dimethyl pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate is also used in the production of acetaldehyde by way of hydrosilylation with chloride and chloroform. This chemical has been found to be useful for the synthesis of various drugs such as antiepileptics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.</p>

Nerol oxide is a natural compound and fragrance ingredient that has been shown to have anti-aging effects. Nerol oxide is an ester of citronellal, nerolic acid and ethyl decanoate. It is found naturally in orange blossoms and other citrus plants, as well as in lavender oil. Nerol oxide can be extracted from the plant material using solid phase microextraction. The chemical analyses of this extract reveal the presence of various fatty acids, including ethyl esters, fatty acids and their corresponding alcohols. These compounds are used to produce nerol oxide by polymerization with an initiator such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide at a neutral pH.

<p>3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile is a peroxide that is used in the synthesis of organic compounds. It is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid with nitric acid as a catalyst. 3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile has been shown to be more selective than other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate. The product can then be purified by adding diacetate, which selectively reacts with the chlorine to form acetyl chloride and glycolic acid. The resulting mixture can then be distilled to produce 3,6-dichloropicolinonitrile in high purity. 3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile can also be used in electrochemical methods for the synthesis of cyanides or biochemically for virulent products such as pesticides and organic solvents.</p>

(1-Pyridin-2-yl)piperidin-4-amine is a drug that acts as an anorexiant. It binds to the serotonin 5HT3 receptor, which is involved in the regulation of appetite and mood. It also blocks the action of serotonin at the 5HT4 receptor, which is involved in mediating intestinal motility. This agent has been shown to have a potent antagonist effect on the 1-4c alkyl group of serotonin receptors. The phenoxy group and methyl group are also responsible for binding with serotonin receptors and blocking their activity.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

1-chloro-4-fluoroisoquinoline is a chlorinating agent that has been used as a synthetic method for the synthesis of oxychloride. It is typically used in the presence of palladium catalyst, in the presence of phosphorus and under reductive conditions. The chlorination reaction is initiated by addition of hydrochloric acid or phosphorous oxychloride. The 1-hydroxyisoquinoline reacts with phosphorus to form a chloroformate, which reacts with fluorine gas to produce an intermediate chlorofluorinate. This intermediate then reacts with chlorine gas in the presence of palladium catalyst to generate the desired product, 1-chloro-4-fluoroisoquinoline.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>CASIN is a lysine-derived antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the peptide chains of collagen, which are found in skin and mucous membranes. CASIN has been shown to inhibit the growth of many bacterial species, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics. CASIN can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, such as bacterial vaginosis or chlamydia. CASIN has also been shown to reduce body mass index in animal models. The mechanism of action is not known but may involve interference with an enzyme that controls the biosynthesis of fatty acids. The use of CASIN in humans is limited due to its toxicity on human cells and potential safety concerns.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-tert-Butoxybenzaldehyde is a colorless liquid that has a viscosity of 0.3 mm2/s at 25 °C. It can be synthesized by reacting pyridine with hydrochloric acid in the presence of a Grignard reagent. 4-tert-Butoxybenzaldehyde reacts with phenolic antioxidants to form an ester, which can be used as an industrial solvent. The crystal x-ray diffraction pattern of 4-tert-Butoxybenzaldehyde exhibits peaks at 2θ = 8.0, 11.5, and 18.5° corresponding to the (100), (200), and (220) planes, respectively. This chemical can also undergo reactions that lead to termination or transfer reactions, including diethyl ketomalonate formation with diethyl malonate in the presence of water as a solvent and potassium hydroxide as a catalyst for transfer reactions.END>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl bromide is an adenosine receptor antagonist that can be used in cancer treatment. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by blocking the binding of adenosine to its receptors and inhibiting phosphodiesterase, which is an enzyme that breaks down the key cellular messenger, cyclic AMP (cAMP). 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethyl bromide also inhibits the production of aphanorphine, a morphine analogue that has been shown to stimulate endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound has been synthesised and tested on animal models with promising results.

Fmoc-D-Ala-OH is a synthetic cyclic peptide that has been shown to have anticancer properties. This compound was synthesized by solid-phase chemistry and exhibits an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. Fmoc-D-Ala-OH blocks the synthesis of proteins in cancer cells, leading to cell death. It also inhibits the activity of serine proteases such as degarelix acetate, which are important for cancer cell growth and metastasis.

<p>4-Formylbenzoic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH2=C(O)CH=CHCO2H. It is a white solid that is soluble in water and has a strong, unpleasant odor. 4-Formylbenzoic acid has been shown to have affinity for binding to odorous molecules such as sulfur compounds, amines, and mercaptans. The binding of these molecules to the 4-formylbenzoic acid leads to a decrease in their odor concentration. This process can be done using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or optical sensors. The oxidation of 4-formylbenzoic acid by trifluoroacetic acid produces 2-formylphenol and formaldehyde, which are themselves volatile compounds with an unpleasant odor. These reactions may be used as wastewater treatment methods. Langmuir adsorption isotherm may be used as an analytical method for measuring the concentration of 4-formylbenzoic acid</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>p-Isobutylstyrene-d7 is a solid catalyst that can be used in the synthesis of organic compounds. It has been shown to have good activity for the transfer of acid chloride groups to aromatic ring systems and for the synthesis of thiadiazoles. p-Isobutylstyrene-d7 has been shown to be an excellent catalyst for the conversion of hydrochloric acid into hydrogen chloride, which can then be recycled. The toxicity studies on this compound have shown that it is not toxic to bacterial strains, which may make it a good candidate for use as a catalyst in bioremediation or a growth substrate. This catalyst has also been shown to have photocatalytic activity and may be used in the purification of water contaminated with heavy metals.</p>

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>3,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde is an organic compound that is a colorless liquid. It has a chemical formula of C9H12O2 and is classified as an aldehyde. 3,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde can be synthesized by the reaction of isopropyl palmitate with xylene in the presence of carbon as a source. The reaction time required for this synthesis is approximately one day. The major products of this reaction are 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde and 2-methylbutanal. This reaction mechanism can also be used to determine the concentration of urinary metabolites in human urine samples. Analysis of these samples requires an organic solvent such as hexane or dichloromethane. Kinetic data was collected from the rate at which zinc powder reacts with 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde over time at different concentrations. A kinetic experiment was conducted using c–h bond activation to produce 3,5-dimethoxy</p>

<p>2,5-Dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine is an amine that is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is also used to derivatize other molecules and as a precursor to other compounds. 2,5-Dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine has been shown to be a good nucleophile and can react with electrophiles such as difluoride and the metal ion Ag(I). The reaction rate of 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine can be determined using high performance liquid chromatography or electrospray ionization. This compound can be synthesized from phenylmagnesium bromide and methyl iodide in the presence of aluminium chloride. It is possible to immobilize 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine on mesoporous silica by attaching it to the surface of the porous material with aminop</p>

4,6-Dimethoxysalicylaldehyde is a protonated molecule with a cyclohexane ring and 4 hydroxyl groups. Its chemical formula is C6H8O3. The compound has low bioavailability due to the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond that causes high redox potential. There are two amines on the aromatic ring which can coordinate with metal ions to form a complex. This compound's structural analysis has been conducted using X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy. The structure of 4,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde is unsymmetrical due to the presence of two asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule. It forms hydrogen bonds with other molecules due to its hydroxyl group and intramolecular hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonding interactions occur between this compound and other molecules including water, alcohols, ammonia, amines, and carboxylic acids.

Disodium 8-amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonate is a fluorescent sensor that can detect albumin in human serum. Disodium 8-amino-1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonate selectively detects the molecule albumin in blood with a sensitivity of approximately 1.5 nmol/L and a selectivity of nearly 100%. The fluorescent sensor consists of an immobilized nanometer sized molecule of 8-aminonaphthalene trisulfonic acid on hydrotalcite. The sensor has been shown to be selective for albumin and does not react with other serum proteins such as immunoglobulins or fibrinogen.

<p>2,4-Dichloropyrido [2,3-D] pyrimidine is a regioselective chlorination agent that can be used for the synthesis of various organic compounds. It is often used in cross-coupling reactions to form carbon-carbon bonds. 2,4-Dichloropyrido [2,3-D] pyrimidine has been shown to give high yields and is selective for disubstituted or monosubstituted substrates. This compound is also useful for the functionalization of C-H bonds via palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions.</p>