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This molecule leverages three terminal beta-GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine) sugars for efficient binding to asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) expressed on liver cells (hepatocytes). The presence of the linker (beta-alanine) and the spacer (PEG3) influences the pharmacokinetics of the conjugate. The key functional group is the terminal azide, which allows for conjugation to various payloads containing alkyne groups and facilitates the development of targeted conjugates for hepatocyte delivery. Upon binding to ASGPR, tri-b-GalNAc-b-alanine-PEG3-azide conjugates are rapidly taken up by hepatocytes via endocytosis, enabling researchers to deliver therapeutic cargo (drugs, siRNA) specifically to the liver.

Tri-b-GalNAc-b-alanine-PEG3-biotin comprises a trivalent β-GalNAc ligand, a beta-alanine-PEG3 spacer, and a biotin tag in its structure. The ligand specifically targets ASGPRs (asialoglycoprotein receptors) on hepatocyte cells due to its multivalent GalNAc residues. The flexible linker (beta-alanine-PEG3) connects the GalNAc segment to biotin, allowing researchers to attach it to streptavidin-coated surfaces. Applications include lysosomal targeting, hepatocyte studies, and drug delivery.

Gala1-3Gal-HSA is a modified glycan with three terminal alpha-galactoside units. It is synthesized by the modification of Gala1-3Gal (saccharide) with HSA. This product is also fluorinated, methylated and click-modified. The chemical name for this product is 3-[(2S,3S)-2,3-bis[(carboxymethyl)amino]propyl]-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-[(carboxymethyl)(hydroxyethyl)]-.

N-Nonanoyl-N-methylglucamine is a nonionic surfactant that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of some inherited blood disorders. N-Nonanoyl-N-methylglucamine is used as a red cell membrane stabilizer and has been shown to increase the proton concentration in human serum. It also increases the transfer rate of p-nitrophenyl phosphate from erythrocytes to plasma. This drug has been found to have enzyme activity on soybean trypsin, model system, and epoxidase activity. N-Nonanoyl-N-methylglucamine has shown to be an effective protective agent against sodium citrate induced hemolysis and monoclonal antibody mediated cytotoxicity. It also shows kinetic data for protein synthesis and gene expression at different concentrations.

Octyl b-D-mannopyranoside is a sugar that belongs to the group of complex carbohydrates. It is used in chemical synthesis and is commonly used for click modification, fluorination, glycosylation, carbamoylation, methylation, and other modifications. Octyl b-D-mannopyranoside is a white or off-white powder that can be dissolved in water or alcohols. It has a molecular weight of 536.88 g/mol.

Octanoyl-N-hydroxyethylglucamide is a high purity custom synthesis that is a fluorinated, glycosylated, and methylated modification of glycine. It is an oligosaccharide that contains a saccharide and carbohydrate. Octanoyl-N-hydroxyethylglucamide has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria that are resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.

3-Deoxy-3-fluorosucrose is a noncompetitive inhibitor of leuconostoc mesenteroides glucosyltransferases. It inhibits the enzyme by binding to the active site and preventing the transfer of glucose from the sugar transport to the acceptor. 3-Deoxy-3-fluorosucrose has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL1β, in vitro. This inhibition is thought to be due to its ability to inhibit sugar transport and thus prevent glycosylation reactions that are required for protein synthesis.

This product is a custom-synthesized, high purity sugar. The sugar is glycosylated and has undergone click chemistry modification and fluorination. It has been synthesized from monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, which are saccharide carbohydrates. The sugar is an example of a complex carbohydrate.