Antimicrobianos

<p>Neomycin, one of the many oligosaccharide containing antibiotics, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in Streptomyces fradiae (Collins, 2006) with wide spectrum, active against Gram-negative Gram-positive bacteria. Neomycin is commony used as a selection marker in cloning, and is therefore used in growth media to select colonies with the neomycin resistance cassette integrated into their genome. Neomycin is a mixture of neomycin B (Framycetin) and its epimer Neomycin C, the latter component accounting for some 5–15% of the mixture.</p>

<p>Stavudine is an antiviral, reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is used to treat HIV/AIDS. It belongs to the group of nucleoside analogues of thymidine that is converted into stavudine monophosphate. Stavudine works by inhibiting viral replication by preventing the incorporation of viral dNTPs into the growing DNA chain, thus blocking DNA synthesis.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of cell wall biogenesis; glycopeptide antibiotic</p>

<p>HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor is an antiretroviral compound with a mode of action that blocks the viral enzyme integrase, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the host genome. It is used for the treatment of HIV infection.</p>

<p>Anti-retroviral; HIV protease inhibitor</p>

<p>Griselimycin is an antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterial genus *Streptomyces*. This compound exhibits its mode of action by targeting bacterial protein synthesis, specifically binding to the DNA polymerase sliding clamp, thereby inhibiting replication and cell division in a range of bacterial pathogens. Griselimycin has been the focus of renewed scientific interest due to its potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multi-drug-resistant strains. The compound’s unique mode of action makes it a promising candidate for further development in the treatment of tuberculosis and potentially other bacterial infections that have developed resistance to more commonly used antibiotics. Advances in understanding its biosynthesis have facilitated semi-synthetic modifications, potentially enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties and antimicrobial spectrum. The applications of Griselimycin extend to research contexts where understanding resistance mechanisms and novel antibiotic development are critical. Continued exploration of this compound may contribute significantly to addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.</p>

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or MIT is a powerful antimicrobial and antifungal agent which is widely used in personal care products. It is also used in industrial applications as a preservative and antifouling agent.

<p>Difloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is a synthetic compound derived from chemical synthesis methods. Its source involves complex organic chemistry that modifies the quinolone backbone to enhance its antibacterial properties. Difloxacin functions by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are critical enzymes involved in DNA replication, transcription, and repair. This inhibition leads to the prevention of cellular division and ultimately results in bacterial cell death.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of DNA replication; aminoglycoside class</p>

<p>Ketoconazole is an azole antifungal compound with a mode of action that inhibits ergosterol synthesis, disrupting fungal cell membranes. It is used for treating fungal infections of the skin and scalp.</p>

<p>Mebendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic with action on microtubule formation in parasitic worms and is used for treating intestinal worm infections like threadworms and roundworms.</p>

Versalide is a synthetic musk compound with action as a fragrance ingredient and is used for adding scent to perfumes and personal care products.

<p>Herbicidin K is a naturally derived herbicide, known for its biological origin from microbial fermentation processes. It is primarily sourced from certain strains of Streptomyces, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria notable for their diverse secondary metabolites. The mode of action of Herbicidin K involves the inhibition of key enzymatic pathways within target plants, leading to the disruption of cellular functions and ultimately plant death. This selectivity is particularly effective against broadleaf weeds, providing a targeted approach to weed management.</p>

<p>N-Demethyl roxithromycin is a metabolite of roxithromycin with action on bacterial protein synthesis inhibition and is used for research on macrolide antibiotics.</p>

<p>Cephalothin sodium is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections and skin infections.</p>

<p>Cefatrizine propylene glycol is a cephalosporin antibiotic with action against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is used for treating respiratory and skin infections.</p>

<p>Broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent</p>

<p>Benethamine penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin. It is sourced from the modification of naturally occurring penicillin compounds, typically produced through the fermentation of Penicillium mold cultures. Benethamine penicillin operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It targets the penicillin-binding proteins within bacterial cell membranes, disrupting peptidoglycan cross-linking, which is essential for cell wall structural integrity. This leads to cell lysis and death in susceptible bacteria.</p>

<p>Fementation intermediate of Oritavancin</p>

<p>Inhibitor of hepatitis C viral enzyme NS3-4A serine protease</p>