Antimicrobianos

<p>Bafilomycin C1 is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces sp. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), an enzyme complex responsible for acidifying various intracellular compartments. This inhibition disrupts pH regulation within cells, affecting numerous cellular processes such as protein degradation and trafficking.</p>

<p>3'-N,N-Di(desmethyl)-3'-N-formyl azithromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derivative, which is synthesized through chemical modification of azithromycin. Azithromycin is originally derived from erythromycin, which is produced by the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The modifications in this derivative result in enhanced specificity and altered pharmacokinetic properties compared to the parent compound.</p>

<p>Fluconazole hydrate is an antifungal medication, which is a synthetic triazole antifungal agent derived from the compound fluconazole. It functions as a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase, a critical component in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. Ergosterol is an essential component of fungal cell membranes, and its inhibition disrupts membrane synthesis, leading to impaired fungal cell growth and replication.</p>

<p>Cephamycin C is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a type of β-lactam antibiotic. It is derived from the fermentation process of certain Streptomyces species and other actinomycetes. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This inhibition disrupts the structural integrity of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death.</p>

<p>7,8-Didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin is a cofactor often referred to as a deazaflavin. It is a derivative of riboflavin and is primarily sourced from methanogenic archaea. These microorganisms are found in anaerobic environments and play a crucial role in the process of methanogenesis.</p>

<p>Fludazonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound, which is chemically synthesized. It functions primarily as an antibacterial agent by disrupting microbial cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and death. This compound is particularly effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria due to its ability to interact with phospholipid bilayers.</p>

<p>Blasticidin S is an antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces griseochromogenes*. It operates by inhibiting protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This inhibition is achieved by interfering with the peptide bond formation in the ribosome, thus preventing the elongation of the polypeptide chain. Blasticidin S is particularly useful in molecular biology and cell culture applications, where it is employed to selectively kill non-transformed cells. This allows for the maintenance and expansion of cells that have been stably transfected with a blasticidin resistance gene, thereby ensuring the selection and propagation of cells with the desired genetic modifications. Its precise mechanism and specific action make Blasticidin S a valuable tool for researchers working on gene expression studies, recombinant protein production, and other genetic engineering endeavors.</p>

<p>7,10-Dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid is a hydroxylated fatty acid, which is derived from the microbial transformation of oleic acid by certain bacterial species, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This compound features a unique structure characterized by its dihydroxy modifications and a cis double bond. The compound's mode of action involves modulating bacterial growth and metabolic pathways, possessing antimicrobial properties that result from its ability to interfere with cell membrane integrity and function.</p>

<p>Rifamdin is an antibiotic, which is a chemical substance derived from the source compound rifampicin. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which effectively suppresses bacterial RNA synthesis, leading to cell death. This mechanism primarily targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis.</p>

<p>Duocarmycin analog is a chemotherapeutic compound, which is a synthetic analog derived from natural products originally isolated from Streptomyces bacteria. These analogs operate through a unique mode of action by binding to the minor groove of DNA and subsequently alkylating adenine bases. This process results in DNA strand scission, preventing replication and leading to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells.</p>

<p>Streptidine dihydrochloride is a biochemical compound, specifically a derivative of streptomycin, which is obtained through chemical modification of the aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin. It is composed of streptidine, a constituent sugar derivative, that is integral to the structure of streptomycin, rendered as a hydrochloride salt to enhance solubility and stability.</p>

<p>Bombinin-like peptide (blp-1) is an antimicrobial peptide, which is derived from the skin secretion of certain amphibians, specifically the *Bombina* species of frogs. This peptide functions by disrupting microbial cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and death. Its ability to compromise the integrity of the cell membrane makes it effective against a range of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.</p>

<p>Erythromycin B is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the actinomycete *Saccharopolyspora erythraea*. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This interference with protein synthesis effectively hampers bacterial growth, making it a potent bacteriostatic agent.</p>

<p>Cefteram is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is synthesized through chemical processes starting from cephalosporin C, a compound derived from the fungus Acremonium. As a cephalosporin, it functions by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is achieved through the binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are critical in the formation of the bacterial cell wall. By disrupting this process, Cefteram leads to the lysis and death of the bacteria.</p>

<p>TCA1 is a synthetic small molecule, which is specifically derived from complex organic synthesis processes, designed to target bacterial metabolic pathways. It operates primarily by inhibiting essential enzymatic functions, thereby disrupting normal metabolic activity within bacterial cells. This inhibitory action results in weakened or halted protein synthesis, directly affecting bacterial growth and proliferation.</p>

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<p>Potassium clavulanate is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and an antibacterial agent. The presence of potassium clavulanate in culture media inhibits the activity of beta-lactamases, which are enzymes that confer resistance to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. It also has been shown to be active against bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, sepsis, and pneumonia, where it can inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with their ability to form cell walls.</p>

<p>25-O-Deacetyl rifabutin is an antibiotic derivative, which is sourced from the semi-synthetic modification of rifabutin, a compound originally derived from the fermentation of the bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei. This derivative works by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. It achieves this by specifically targeting the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, which is essential for bacterial transcription. The mechanism involves binding to the beta-subunit of the polymerase, thereby blocking the elongation of the RNA chain, which ultimately leads to the death of the bacterial cell.</p>

<p>Sulbactam Related Compound A is a chemical compound often used in pharmaceutical research and development. It is typically derived from the synthetic modification of existing antibiotics to explore new potential therapeutic benefits. The compound functions as a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which is of significant interest to researchers due to its potential to enhance the efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics. By inhibiting the action of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes, it permits these antibiotics to remain effective against resistant strains of bacteria.</p>

<p>Narasin is an ionophore antibiotic, which is a fermentation product derived from certain strains of the bacterium *Streptomyces aureofaciens*. It functions by disrupting the ion gradients across cell membranes, specifically facilitating the transport of sodium and potassium ions. This action interferes with the energy metabolism of certain pathogenic microorganisms, rendering them unable to proliferate effectively.</p>

<p>1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(piperazin-1-yl)quinolin-4(1H)-one is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative sourced from the quinolone family. This compound functions by targeting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are crucial enzymes involved in the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA. By inhibiting these enzymes, the antibiotic effectively disrupts DNA replication in susceptible bacterial strains, leading to cell death.</p>

<p>Omomycin is a novel antibiotic, specifically a macrolide, which is derived from microbial sources, primarily soil-dwelling actinomycetes. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This interaction prevents the translocation of peptides during translation, thereby halting bacterial growth and proliferation.</p>

<p>Sparsomycin is an antibiotic compound, which is a secondary metabolite isolated from Streptomyces species. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of protein synthesis by targeting the large subunit of the ribosome, specifically binding to the 50S subunit in bacterial ribosomes and the 60S subunit in eukaryotic ribosomes. This binding interferes with peptide bond formation, thereby disrupting the translational process essential for protein synthesis.</p>

<p>Trovafloxacin mesylate is a synthetic antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, which is derived from chemical synthesis processes rather than natural sources. The mode of action of trovafloxacin mesylate involves the inhibition of bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication, repair, and transcription within the bacterial cell. By inhibiting these enzymes, trovafloxacin mesylate disrupts bacterial DNA processes, leading to cell death and exerting its antibacterial effects.</p>

<p>Aminosidine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the integrase, which are enzymes involved in viral DNA synthesis. Aminosidine is active against Leishmania spp., but not against bacteria. Aminosidine has been shown to be effective in experimental models of human bowel disease and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It was also found to be active against wild-type strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, but not resistant mutants. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-IN-1 is a small-molecule inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound designed to interfere with viral replication. This compound is sourced through rigorous combinatorial chemistry methods, enabling the precise targeting of viral enzymes. SARS-CoV-IN-1 specifically inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), an essential enzyme responsible for processing viral polyproteins into functional units necessary for virus replication.</p>

<p>Sanfetrinem cilexetil is an oral prodrug, which is derived from trinem antibiotics, a subgroup of β-lactams. It is a synthetic compound developed to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of its active form, sanfetrinem. Upon oral administration, sanfetrinem cilexetil undergoes hydrolysis in the digestive tract to release the active β-lactam antibiotic, sanfetrinem.</p>

<p>7-Descarbamoyl 17-amino geldanamycin is a semi-synthetic derivative of the benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic geldanamycin, which is naturally produced by the bacterium *Streptomyces hygroscopicus*. As an inhibitor of the Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90), it targets this molecular chaperone crucial for the stability and function of numerous oncoproteins. By inhibiting Hsp90, 7-Descarbamoyl 17-amino geldanamycin disrupts protein folding processes, leading to the degradation of client proteins and subsequent disruption of cell signaling pathways involved in tumor growth and survival.</p>

<p>Aztreonam-d6 is an isotopically labeled antibiotic, which is a synthetic monobactam derived from bacterial fermentation processes with deuterium enrichment. With a beta-lactam structure, Aztreonam-d6 acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, specifically targeting the penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) in Gram-negative bacteria. This action disrupts cell wall construction, leading to cell lysis and death, making it an effective option against certain resistant bacterial strains.</p>

<p>BRD-K98645985 is a synthetic biochemical reagent, likely developed through chemical synthesis or natural product isolation. It functions as a modulator of specific biochemical pathways, potentially acting as an enzyme inhibitor, receptor agonist, or antagonist. This compound interacts with targeted proteins or cellular mechanisms, altering physiological responses or signaling cascades. The precise mode of action often involves binding to active sites, thereby influencing molecular conformation and activity.</p>

<p>Oxysanguinarine is an alkaloid compound, which is derived from the plant species of the Papaveraceae family. As a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, it is predominantly extracted from plants such as Sanguinaria canadensis. Its mode of action involves disrupting microbial cell membranes and interfering with enzyme systems, leading to antimicrobial and antifungal effects. This compound exhibits potential in inhibiting the growth of various pathogens, making it a subject of interest in pharmaceutical and microbiological research. Applications of oxysanguinarine extend to studying its efficacy in antimicrobial treatments, exploring its potential as a natural pesticide, and investigating its role in traditional medicine. Due to its complex biochemical interactions, ongoing research aims to better understand its mechanisms and potential therapeutic uses.</p>

<p>(S)-4-(((R)-6-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2-(thiazol-2-yl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)methyl)morpholine-3-carboxylic acid is a selective chemical inhibitor, derived from synthetic organic chemistry methodologies. This compound is engineered for precise interaction with a target protein, modulating cellular pathways involved in disease progression. Its unique structure, including the chlorofluorophenyl and thiazolyl moieties, confers high binding affinity and specificity, making it a valuable tool in biochemical research.</p>

<p>Oligomycin B is an antibiotic compound, which is derived from Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex, specifically targeting the F₀ subunit of ATP synthase. This action obstructs the proton channel, preventing the flow of protons across the mitochondrial membrane. As a result, Oligomycin B effectively halts ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation, which is crucial for the survival of aerobic organisms.</p>

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<p>An aminoglycoside antibiotic.  Found applications in treatment of UTi's as it decreases the ability of bacteria to make protein.</p>

<p>Dimethenamid-ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) sodium is a herbicide metabolite, which is derived from Dimethenamid, an active ingredient in pre-emergent herbicides used for controlling grass and broadleaf weeds. The compound is formed through the metabolic degradation of the parent herbicide in soil and plants, largely influenced by microbial activity and environmental conditions.</p>

<p>Ethofumesate-2-hydroxy is a selective herbicide, which is a synthetic chemical compound with a specific mode of action. This herbicide primarily originates from chemical synthesis processes designed to interfere with plant growth at a biochemical level. The mode of action of Ethofumesate-2-hydroxy involves the inhibition of lipid synthesis, which disrupts cell membrane formation and hampers weed growth. It effectively targets susceptible weed species by inhibiting essential biochemical pathways, thus leading to their decline or death.</p>

<p>Ganciclovir hydrate is an antiviral compound, which is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxy-guanosine derived from chemical synthesis. It functions through selective inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, specifically by incorporating into the viral DNA during replication. This incorporation leads to chain termination, effectively impeding the synthesis of viral DNA and curbing viral proliferation.</p>

<p>Peplomycin sulfate is an anticancer antibiotic, which is a derivative of the bleomycin family of glycopeptide antibiotics produced by the bacterium *Streptomyces verticillus*. This antibiotic operates through a mode of action that involves the induction of DNA strand breaks by forming a complex with iron and oxygen, leading to the generation of free radicals. These radicals cleave DNA strands, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis in cancerous cells.</p>

<p>Acetyl-pepstatin is a potent protease inhibitor, which is synthesized from a naturally occurring peptide source. Its primary mode of action involves the inhibition of aspartic proteases, a class of enzymes responsible for protein digestion and processing within biological systems. By specifically targeting these enzymes, Acetyl-pepstatin effectively halts the hydrolytic activity, which makes it an invaluable tool in the study of protease function and the regulation of proteolytic pathways.</p>

<p>1,3''-Di-HABA kanamycin A is a chemically modified antibiotic derivative. It is derived from kanamycin A, a well-known aminoglycoside antibiotic that is originally sourced from the bacterium *Streptomyces kanamyceticus*. The modification with 1,3''-Di-HABA alters its pharmacodynamic properties, potentially influencing its specificity and interaction with biological targets.</p>

<p>Flufenoxystrobin is a synthetic fungicide, which is derived from the strobilurin class of compounds known for their antifungal properties. It operates by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in fungal cells, specifically blocking the electron transport chain at the Qo site of cytochrome b. This disruption in energy production is lethal to the targeted fungi.</p>

<p>Fosmanogepix is a novel antifungal prodrug, which is derived from manogepix. This product is a synthetic compound, designed to target invasive fungal infections through its unique mechanism of action. The prodrug itself is inactive until metabolized in the body, where it converts into its active form, manogepix. This activation occurs through enzymatic hydrolysis, enabling it to exert its antifungal effects.</p>

<p>Cephradine monohydrate is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is derived from the fungus Acremonium. It operates by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, a critical process necessary for bacterial growth and replication. This inhibition occurs through the binding of the antibiotic to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and subsequent bacterial death.</p>

<p>Gatifloxacin hydrochloride is a synthetic antibacterial agent, which is derived from the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. It exhibits a broad-spectrum bactericidal activity by targeting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair processes.</p>

<p>3-Phenanthrenebutyric acid is a synthetic compound that serves as an analogue of phenanthrene derivatives, commonly utilized in biochemical and pharmacological research. Its source lies in laboratory synthesis, designed to mimic the structural properties of naturally occurring phenanthrene compounds, which are typically found in fossil fuels and plant sources.</p>

<p>FGI 106 is an antifungal agent, which is derived from natural sources with a mechanism of action involving disruption of fungal cell wall integrity. The compound is isolated from naturally occurring substances, specifically targeting the structural components of the cell walls in various fungal species. By compromising the protective barrier of the cell wall, FGI 106 effectively inhibits fungal growth and proliferation, making it a potent tool against a variety of fungal pathogens.</p>

<p>Equisetin is a secondary metabolite, which is produced by the fungus *Fusarium equiseti*. It operates predominantly through the inhibition of protein synthesis and interference with cellular processes within target organisms. Equisetin exhibits potent antibacterial and antifungal activities primarily by interfering with cell wall synthesis in bacteria and disrupting key pathways in fungi.</p>

<p>Cefixime methyl ester is a chemical compound often used in the development of antibiotics, specifically as a semi-synthetic cephalosporin derivative. It is derived from Cephalosporium acremonium, a type of fungus, which serves as a source for the initial cephalosporin structure. The compound functions as a beta-lactam antibiotic by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It achieves this through the acylation of penicillin-binding proteins, effectively halting the transpeptidation or cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer, which is crucial for bacterial survival and division.</p>